Jute.pptx

Jute.pptx

• 1.
  jute INTRODUCTION • Scientific name-Corchorusolitorius • Family-Tiliaceae • Corchorus capsularis – originated from Indo-Burma region. • Corchorus olitorius – Originated from Africa • Natural fibre with golden and silky shine and hence known as Golden Fibre. • Cheapest vegetable fibre • Second most important vegetable fibre after cotton.
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  • Properties ofJute: • It has high tensile strength, low extensibility and ensures better breath ability of Fabrics • Jute Fibre is 100% biodegradable, recyclable and this environmentally friendly. • A bitter glucoside called “Corchorin” present in white Jute • Uses • Jute fibre is used in manufacturing rugs, carpets, coarse fibres, twines and coarse blankets. • Broken sticks of Jute is called ‘ Tow ‘ which is used in making low grade paper • Jute waste is used as fuel and making activated charcoal. • In market Jute and Mesta fibres are together known as “ Raw Jute “ • Leaves of Jute have medicinal Properties.
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  Distribution • India, Bangladesh,China, Pakistan, Myanmar, Nepal. • India stands 1st in area & production of Raw Jute. • In India -West Bengal (maximum) Bihar Assam Tripura, Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh.
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  Capsularis Olitorius Shorter inheight Leaves Glabrous, ovate -oblong coarsely toothed bitter in test (corchorin bitter substance) known as ‘Tita Pat’ Flowers Small, 0.3 to 0.5 cm, yellow Seed / Pod Globular, pear shaped, wrinkled, rarely smooth Seeds Seeds small, chocolate brown and oval in shape. Fibre White jute, white colour Taller height Glabrous, usually oblong, coarsely toothed, shining on upper surface and test less known as mitha pat Flowers Big about 1 cm, yellow Long and cylindrical, ridgcd length wise. Smaller than capsularis, pyramidal and bluish green to steel grey or black in colour. Finer, softer, stronger and more lustrous than capsularis yellow to grey or even reddish colour known as ‘tossa’ in commercial trade
• 5.
  Varieties C.capsularis : (pittajute) Baldev, Jaydev, sabuj sona (JRC-212), sonali (JRC-321), shyamali (JRC-7447) C.olitorius (Tossa Jute) Baisakhitosa (JRO-632) Chaitalitosa (JRO-878) Basudev, Navin, Mahadev (TJ-40), Savitri, Rebati (KOM-62)
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  Soil • Alluvial sandyloams, clay loamy soils Olitorius Jute cannot thrive in standing water and is more drought resistant and hence grown in light soils. Capsularis Jute can grow even in standing water especially towards the latter part of Growth
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  Climate • Rainfed crop,Grows well in warm and humid climate • Temperature -240 C – 370 C • Relative humidity- 65-90% • Annual rainfall - 80 to 100cm
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  SOWING TIME March –April SPACING&SEEDRATE Cultivated Seed rate (Kg/ha) • species of Jute Line Sowing Broad Casting Spacing (cm) No. of Plants / Sq.mt • Corchorus olitorius 5 7 25 X 5 80 • Corchorus capsularis 7 10 30 X 5 67
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  FIELD PREPARATION Deep ploughing Finetilth Manures and Fertilizers • Cultivated Species Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium • Corchorus Capsularis 60 Kg/ha 40 Kg/ha 60 Kg/ha • Corchorus olitorius 40 Kg /ha 40 Kg /ha 60 Kg /ha  5 ton FYM • Nitrogen should be applied in 2 splits – • 1st split as basal and 2nd split at 4-6 weeks after sowing.
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  Weed Management • Handweeding is done twice at 20-25DAS and 35-40DAS. • Basal application of herbicide – Fluchloralin @ 1.5 Kg/ha at 3 DBS followed by irrigation • Irrigation • Water requirement is 500mm. • 1st irrigation is given after sowing. • Life saving irrigation is given on 4 DAS. • Afterwards, irrigation is given once in 15 days. • Critical stages of irrigation are Germination and Knee high stage
• 11.
  Harvesting: • Duration ofCorchorus olitorius – 120 to 150 days • Corchorus capsularis – 180 to 200 days • Early harvesting gives lower fibre yield but fibre is of finer quality, whereas, late harvesting gives higher fibre yield but the fibre is coarse in texture • Ideal stage of harvest in Jute is 50% of tender pod formation. • Late harvesting leads to poor quality fibre due to lignifications of bast fibres • Harvesting is done by cutting the plants close to ground with sickles. • Harvested plants are tied in to small bundles and left standing in the field for 2-3 days for shedding of leaves. • Afterwards plants are ready for retting.
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  • Yield • GreenPlant yield is 45 – 50 t / ha • 13q of Fibre • Seed yield for capsularis 4 to 5 quintals • Olitorius 2.5 to 3 quintals •
• 13.
  Process of Fibreextraction: • Bundle stalks - Retting -- Stripping - Washing - Sundry Squeezing excess water – Baling - Kutcha packing - Storage / Transport
• 14.
  • A] Retting •Retting is a microbial process in which bast fibre gets loosened for an easy separation from woody stalks. During retting, gums, pectins and other mucilaginous substances are removed from the plants by combined action of water and microbiological action. Retting period is 8- 30 days. B] Stripping: Process of removal of fibres from the stalk after completion of retting is called Stripping. Fibre may be extracted in two ways – Single Reed method and Break – Jerk Method. Fibre is extracted by hands either from individual plants or from bundle of 10-12 plants. • C] Washing: After extraction, fibre is washed thoroughly in the running water • D] Fibre is Squeezed for Excess Water • E] Sun Drying: After squeezing the fibre for excess water, fibre is dried on bamboo frames in the mild Sun. • F] Baling and Packing: Extracted fibre is weighed in amounts of bales • 1 Bale of Jute =180Kg
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