Krok 1 - 2013 Question Paper (Stomatology)

Krok 1 Stomatology 2013 1
1. Enamel hypoplasia is caused
by a dominant gene localized in
the X chromosome. Mother has a
normal enamel, and father has enamel
hypoplasia. Which of children will have
this anomaly?
A. Only the daughters
B. All the children
C. Only the sons
D. Half of the daughters
E. Half of the sons
2. In the perianal folds of a 5-year-old
girl mother found white worms causi-
ng itch and anxiety, and took them to
the laboratory. The study revealed white
filament-like helminths 0,5-1 cm long, wi-
th pointed, sometimes twisted, ends. What
diagnosis can be made?
A. Diphyllobothriasis
B. Difilobotrioz
C. Teniasis
D. Ascariasis
E. Opisthorchiasis
3. A hospital in Donetsk region admitted
the patients - members of the same fami-
ly - with eyelid and face edemata, fever,
eosinophilia, headache, muscle pain. The
disease developed on the 7-10 day after
eating pork sausage sent by the patients’
relatives from Khmelnitsky region. What
is your provisional diagnosis?
A. Trichinosis
B. Echinococcosis
C. Teniasis
D. Cysticercosis
E. Taeniarhynchosis
4. It is known that the gene responsible for
the development of the MN blood groups
has two allelic states. If the gene M is
considered as the initial gene, the allelic
gene N appeared due to:
A. Mutations
B. Gene combinations
C. DNA repair
D. DNA replication
E. Crossing over
5. A patient with inflammation of tongue
mucosa (glossitis) complains of taste
sensitivity disorder in the two anterior thi-
rds of the tongue. This is caused by the
lesion of the following nerve:
A. Tympanichord
B. Tympanic
C. Lesser petrosal
D. Lingual
E. Glossopharyngeal
6. The operative dentistry department
admitted a newborn girl who choked duri-
ng sucking. Examination revealed cleft
palate arising from non-union of the mi-
ddle frontal process and maxillary process
of the I-st branchial arch. The cleft was
located in the palate between:
A. Os incisivum et processus palatinus
maxillae
B. Processus palatinus maxillae dextrae et
sinistrae
C. Lamina horizontalis os palatinum
dextrum et sinistrum
D. Processus palatinus maxillae et lamina
horizontalis os palatinum
E. In the region of canalis incisivus
7. X-ray of a patient in the upright posi-
tion revealed the presence of air in the
stomach. What part of stomach is it
located?
A. Fundus
B. Body
C. Cardia
D. Pylorus
E. Lesser curvature region
8. Examination of a teenager revealed
a congenital heart disease, namely the
functioning of Botallo’s duct. In the
prenatal period of development this duct
connects the following organs:
A. Pulmonary trunk and aorta
B. Right and left ventricle
C. Aorta and inferior vena cava
D. Right and left atrium
E. Pulmonary trunk and superior vena cava
9. A patient has air embolism as a result of
a skin injury in the middle portion of the
sternocleidomastoid muscle. Which cervi-
cal vein was injured?
A. External jugular vein
B. Anterior jugular vein
C. Internal jugular vein
D. Posterior auricular vein
E. Transverse cervical vein
10. A patient consulted a doctor about the
inflammation of the ethmoid bone cells
(ethmoiditis). Examination revealed the
disorder of blood supply to the bone. The
ethmoidal cells are normally supplied wi-

th blood by the branches of the following
artery:
A. A. ophthalmica
B. A. infraorbitalis
C. A. facialis
D. A. cerebri anterior
E. A. transversa faciei
11. A 40-year-old male has hearing impai-
rment and paresis of facial muscles
resulting from a blow to his head. He
was diagnosed with a hematoma of
cerebellopontine angle. What nerves had
been damaged?
A. VII, VIII pair of cranial nerves
B. V, VI pairs of cranial nerves
C. VIII, IX pairs of cranial nerves
D. IX, X pair of cranial nerves
E. -
12. A patient consulted a doctor about
an increased pain sensitivity of the ear
skin and ear canal. Palpation behind the
sternocleidomastoid muscle was painful.
Such clinical presentations are typical for
the irritation of the following nerve:
A. N.auricularis magnus
B. N.occipitalis minor
C. Nn.supraclaviculares
D. N.vagus
E. N.transversus colli
13. A woman consulted a doctor about
swelling and tenderness of the lower
extremity, swollen veins and nodes on the
medial surface of thigh. Which vein was
affected?
A. Great saphenous
B. Small saphenous
C. Femoral
D. Popliteal
E. Tibial
14. At the recruiting office US exami-
nation of a 19-year-old man revealed
nephroptosis. Normally the kidneys
should be located at the following
vertebral level:
A. XI thoracic and III lumbar
B. IX-X thoracic
C. IV-V lumbar
D. XII thoracic and I lumbar
E. IX-XII thoracic
15. A histological specimen represents
an organ made up of skeletal cross-
striated muscle tissue. The organ has
cutaneous, intermediate, and mucosal
sections. The skin of the organ is stratified
squamous keratinizing epithelium passi-
ng into nonkeratinizing epithelium in the
mucosal section. Specify this organ:
A. Lip
B. Hard palate
C. Cheek
D. Gum
E. Tongue
16. During the formation of mantle dentin
the synthetic activity of odontoblasts was
disturbed, which will have an effect on the
formation of the following fibers:
A. Radial collagen Korff’s fibers
B. Tangential collagen Ebner’s fibers
C. Reticular
D. Elastic
E. Nerve
17. Histological specimen of a decalci-
fied tooth represents richly vascularized
loose fibrous connective tissue containing
a variety of cells. Pyriform odontoblasts
of this region are arranged in several rows.
What kind of dental structure is it?
A. Coronal pulp
B. Root pulp
C. Periodontium
D. Mantle dentin
E. Vasodentin
18. During gastrulation the Hensen’s node
remained underdeveloped in the embryo.
Which axial organ will slow down its
development?
A. Chord
B. Neural crests
C. Neural groove
D. Neural tube
E. Mantle layer of the neural tube
19. An examination of a 26-year-old
patient involved histological analysis of
bone marrow punctate which revealed
a significant decrease in the number of
megakaryocytes. At the same time the
following blood corpuscles should be
decreased in number:
A. Platelets
B. Erythrocytes
C. Eosinophils
D. Neutrophils
E. B-lymphocytes
20. In course of an experiment an ani-
mal had its cornea injured. What cells will
provide the regeneration of stratified epi-

thelium?
A. Basal epithelium cells
B. Cells of proper substance of cornea
C. Cells of the prickle-cell layer of corneal
epithelium
D. Basal membrane cells
E. Squamous cells
21. At a certain stage of development of a
human embryo one can observe formati-
on of a cavity in its structure, small light
blastomeres on the periphery and large
dark blastomeres at one of the poles. The
embryo at this stage of development is
called:
A. Blastocyst
B. Morula
C. Zygote
D. Gastrula
E. Blastodisk
22. A specimen of the pia mater shows a
vessel with no middle membrane in its
wall, its outer membrane adheres to the
surrounding tissues, the inner membrane
is made up of the basal membrane and
endothelium. Specify this vessel:
A. Fibrous vein
B. Muscular vein with weakly developed
muscular elements
C. Muscular artery
D. Arteriola
E. Mixed artery
23. For an unknown reason the fertilizati-
on membrane of an embryo dissolved in
the fallopian tube in the first critical peri-
od. What complication of pregnancy is
possible in this case?
A. Embryo implantation into the Fallopian
tube
B. Embryonic death
C. Invagination of the blastocyst wall
D. Return of blastocyst back to the
ampullary portion of the tube
E. Formation of two blastocysts
24. A patient has petechial hemorrhages
on the gums, hard and soft palate, buccal
mucosa. This is caused by the dysfunction
of the following blood corpuscles:
A. Platelets
B. Eosinophils
C. Monocytes
D. Lymphocytes
E. Erythrocytes
25. A tumour pressing upon the vegetati-
ve nucleus of a cranial nerve causes sali-
va secretion by the parotid gland. What
nucleus does the tumor press upon?
A. N.salivatorius inferior
B. N.salivatorius superior
C. N.dorsalis nervi vagi
D. N.intermediolateralis
E. N.accessorius
26. In the experiment, an animal had
its brain stem cut, which caused a
rapid increase of extensor muscle tone
(decerebrate rigidity). This condition
arose because the muscles were no more
under the control of the following brain
structure:
A. Red nucleus
B. Blue spot
C. Black substance
D. Striatum
E. Gray tuber
27. Functioning of certain structures of
the isolated heart was stopped by means
of cooling. What structure was cooled
providing that the heart first stopped
contractions and then resumed them wi-
th a frequency twice lower than the initial
one?
A. Sinoatrial node
B. Atrioventricular node
C. His’ bundle
D. His’ bundle branches
E. Purkinje’s fibers
28. Following the estimation of a person’s
energy expenditures it was established
that the respiratory quotient was equal
to 1,0. This means that the compound that
is mainly oxidized in the cells is:
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Fats
D. Proteins and carbohydrates
E. Carbohydrates and fats
29. Oral mucosa of a patient was treated
with hydrogen peroxide. Instead of foami-
ng, the blood turned brown. That is possi-
ble in case of reduced concentration of the
following enzyme:
A. Catalase
B. Pseudocholinesterase
C. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
D. Acetyltransferase
E. Methemoglobin reductase
30. Electrophoretic study of blood serum

of a patient with pneumonia revealed an
increase in one of the protein fractions.
What fraction is it?
A. Γ-globulins
B. Albumins
C. α1-globulins
D. α2-globulins
E. β-globulins
31. When a wound heals, a scar takes
its place. What substance is the main
component of its connective tissue?
A. Collagen
B. Elastin
C. Keratan sulfate
D. Chondroitin sulfate
E. Hyaluronic acid
32. Certain infections caused by bacteria
are treated with sulphanilamides that
block the synthesis of bacterial growth
factor. What is the mechanism of these
drugs action?
A. They are antivitamins of p-
aminobenzoic acid
B. They inhibit the folic acid absorption
C. They are allosteric enzyme inhibitors
D. They are involved in redox processes
E. They are allosteric enzymes
33. Cationic glycoproteins are the major
components of parotid saliva. What ami-
no acids are responsible for their positive
charge?
A. Lysine, arginine, histidine
B. Aspartate, glutamate, glycine
C. Aspartate, arginine, glutamate
D. Glutamate, valine, leucine
E. Cysteine, glycine, proline
34. A patient has enamel erosion. What
vitamin should be administered for its
treatment?
A. D3
B. C
C. K
D. B1
E. PP
35. A 60-year-old man consulted a
doctor about an onset of chest pain.
In blood serum analysis showed a si-
gnificant increase in the activity of the
following enzymes: creatine kinase and its
MB-isoform, aspartate aminotransferase.
These changes indicate the development
of the pathological process in the followi-
ng tissues:
A. Cardiac muscle
B. Lungs
C. Skeletal muscles
D. Liver
E. Smooth muscles
36. After severe viral hepatitis a 4-year-
old boy presents with vomiting, occasi-
onal loss of consciousness, convulsions.
Blood test revealed hyperammoniemia.
Such condition is caused by a disorder of
the following biochemical hepatic process:
A. Disorder of ammonia neutralization
B. Disorder of biogenic amines neutrali-
zation
C. Protein synthesis inhibition
D. Activation of amino acid decarboxylati-
on
E. Inhibition of transamination enzymes
37. A 50-year-old patient has been
examined by a dentist and found to
have crimson smooth tongue. Blood
analysis revealed a decrease in RBC level
and hemoglobin concentration, colour
index of 1,3, symptoms of megaloblastic
hematopoiesis, degenerative changes in
WBCs. What blood disorder was found in
this patient?
A. B12-folic-acid-deficiency anemia
B. Iron deficiency anemia
C. Myeloid leukemia
D. Aplastic anemia
E. Hemolytic anemia
38. A pregnant women developed severe
toxemia with exhausting recurrent vomiti-
ng throughout a day. By the end of the
day she developed tetanic convulsions
and bodily dehydration. The described
changes were caused by the following type
of acid-base disbalance:
A. Nongaseous excretory alkalosis
B. Gaseous alkalosis
C. Gaseous acidosis
D. Nongaseous metabolic acidosis
E. Nongaseous excretory acidosis
39. After a diver had dived to a depth of 60
meters he got the following symptoms of
CNS dysfunction: anxiety, euphoria, lack
of attention, professional errors. These
symptoms are associated with neurons
being under a toxic effect of:

A. Nitrogen
B. Oxygen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Ammonia
E. Lactate
40. A patient with periodontitis has
developed gingival edema. The gums are
of dark red colour. What local circulation
disorder prevails in the gums of the pati-
ent?
A. Venous hyperemia
B. Arterial hyperemia
C. Ischemia
D. Thrombosis
E. Embolism
41. An 18-year-old patient complains of
general weakness, fatigue, low spirits. The
patient is of the asthenic constitution
type. Ps- 68/min., AP- 90/60 mm Hg. She
has been found to have primary neuroci-
rculatory hypotension. What is the leading
factor of the arterial pressure drop in this
patient?
A. Decreased tonus of resistive vessels
B. Decreased minute blood volume
C. Hypovolemia
D. Deposition of blood in the veins of the
systemic circulation
E. Decreased cardiac output
42. A patient with a craniocerebral injury
presents with respiration characteri-
zed by progressively deeper respi-
ratory movements followed by a gradual
decrease that results in a temporary stop
in breathing. What pattern of abnormal
respiration are these features typical for?
A. Cheyne-Stokes
B. Biot’s
C. Kussmaul’s
D. Gasping
E. Apneustic
43. After the traumatic tooth extraction
a patient is complaining of acute, dull,
poorly-localized pain in gingiva, body
temperature rise up to 37, 5o
C. The pati-
ent has been diagnosed with alveolitis.
Specify the kind of pain in this patient:
A. Protopathic
B. Epicritic
C. Visceral
D. Heterotopic
E. Phantom
44. A 10-year-old child cut his leg wi-
th a piece of glass and was sent to a
clinic for an anti-tetanus serum injecti-
on. In order to prevent the development
of anaphylactic shock the Besredka
desensitisation method was applied. What
mechanism underlies this method?
A. Binding to IgE fixed to mast cells
B. Inhibited synthesis of mast cells medi-
ators
C. Stimulation of the immunological anti-
gen tolerance
D. Stimulation of antigen-specific IgG2
synthesis
E. Binding of IgE receptors on mast cells
45. Autopsy of a 52-year-old woman with
a long history of chronic glomerulonephri-
tis revealed significantly reduced in si-
ze, dense kidneys with a surface of
fine granularity; fibrinous inflammati-
on of serous and mucous membranes;
dystrophic changes in parenchymatous
organs; cerebral edema. The descri-
bed changes of serous membranes and
internal organs are caused by the followi-
ng complication:
A. Uraemia
B. Anaemia
C. Sepsis
D. DIC syndrome
E. Thrombocytopenia
46. Histological study of the bronchial
wall and adjacent lung segments revealed
sheets and strands of squamous epitheli-
um. The cells have moderately expressed
symptoms of atypia: polymorphism,
nuclear hyperchromatism, mitoses. In the
center of the complex there are concentric
pink formations. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
A. Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
B. Non-keratinizing squamous cell carci-
noma
C. Adenocarcinoma
D. Scirrhus
E. Undifferentiated carcinoma
47. Histologically, the internal wall of a
cyst localized on the upper jaw is lined
with stratified squamous epithelium with
underlying granulation tissue infiltrated
by lymphocytes. The external layer is
represented by loose fibrous connective
tissue surrounded by cicatrical fibrous ti-
ssue. What diagnosis can be made?

A. Cystic granuloma
B. Simple granuloma
C. Epithelial granuloma
D. Keratocyst
E. Ameloblastoma
48. Histological examination of the
grayish-pink elastic nodule of 0,3 cm in
diameter found by a surgeon at the root
of the extracted tooth shows granulation
tissue with cords of stratified squamous
epithelium. What is the most likely di-
agnosis?
A. Granulomatous periodontitis
B. Eosinophilic granuloma
C. Granulating pulpitis
D. Acute apical periodontitis
E. Granulating periodontitis
49. A patient with a long history of chronic
periodontitis underwent removal of a
maxillary cyst located at the root of the
affected tooth. Microscopy shows that the
bone wall is made up of fibrous tissue infi-
ltrated by lymphocytes and plasma cells.
The inner surface of the cyst is covered wi-
th stratified squamous epithelium with no
signs of keratinization. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
A. Radicular cyst
B. Follicular cyst
C. Primordial cyst
D. Eosinophilic granuloma
E. Gingival fibromatosis
50. A 77-year-old patient with
atherosclerosis got pain in his right foot.
The foot is enlarged, the skin is black and
macerated, the demarcation zone is not
defined clearly. What pathological process
arose in the foot?
A. Wet gangrene
B. Dry gangrene
C. Noma
D. Sequestrum
E. Coagulation necrosis
51. A 42-year-old man died with
symptoms of severe intoxication and
respiratory failure. A slide of lung ti-
ssue was heterogenous, with multiple
microfocal hemorrhages and foci of
emphysema. Histological examination
of lungs revealed hemorrhagic abscessi-
ng bronchopneumonia; eosinophilic and
basophilic granules in the cytoplasm of
epithelial cells of bronchi. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
A. Influenza
B. Parainfluenza
C. Adenovirus infection
D. Respiratory syncytial virus infection
E. Staphylococcal bronchopneumonia
52. Autopsy of a man who died from
intraintestinal hemorrhage revealed
necrosis of grouped and solitary follicles,
dead tissues imbibed with bile and blood
in the ileum; sequestration and rejection
of necrotic masses with defect formati-
on in the lower segment of the intestine.
Which of the following diagnoses is most
likely?
A. Typhoid fever, ulcerative stage
B. Typhoid fever, "clean ulcer"stage
C. Typhoid fever, necrosis stage
D. Abdominal typhoid salmonellosis
E. Crohn’s disease
53. Preventive examination of 1-1.5-
year-old children living in an orphanage
revealed focal thickening of ribs and wri-
sts, bowed legs. The dentist pointed out
delayed teething, wrong eruption order,
irregular mineralization of the enamel and
dentin, high-arched palate. What disease
has developed in children?
A. Rickets
B. Dystrophic calcification
C. Metabolic calcification
D. Metastatic calcification
E. Osteomalacia
54. Having recovered from angina
a 23-year-old patient developed uri-
nary syndrome (hematuria, proteinuria,
leukocyturia). Study of the puncture
biopsy of a kidney revealed mani-
festations of intracapillary proliferati-
ve glomerulonephritis, and electron mi-
croscopy revealed large subepithelial
deposits. What is the pathogenesis of this
disease?
A. Immunocomplex mechanism
B. Atopy, anaphylaxis with production of
IgE and their fixation to the mast cells
C. Cytotoxic, cytolytic action of antibodies
D. Cell-mediated cytolysis
E. Granulomatosis
55. Blood serum of a newborn contains
antibodies to measles virus. What kind of
immunity is this indicative of?

A. Natural passive
B. Natural active
C. Artificial passive
D. Artificial active
E. Heredoimmunity
56. When examining a child the denti-
st found the deposit on both tonsils and
suspected atypical form of diphtheria.
A smear was taken, and after the nutri-
ent media inoculation the toxicity of the
isolated pure culture was determined.
What reaction was used to determine the
toxigenicity of the isolated strain of di-
phtheria bacillus?
A. Gel precipitation reaction
B. Agglutination reaction on a glass slide
C. Complement binding reaction
D. Hemolysis reaction
E. Ring precipitation reaction
57. From the fecal sample of a patient Shi-
gella sonnei were isolated. What additi-
onal studies are required to identify the
source of infection?
A. Phage-typing of the isolated pure
culture
B. Antibiogram
C. Precipitation reaction
D. Complement-fixation reaction
E. Neutralization reaction
58. Microscopy of a smear obtained from
a patient with acute purulent periostitis
revealed gram-positive bacteria arranged
in clusters resembling bunch of grapes.
What microorganisms is this morphology
typical for?
A. Staphylococci
B. Sarcina
C. Tetracocci
D. Candida fungi
E. Streptococci
59. A female woman has been clinically
diagnosed with gonorrhea. Which of the
following studies can be used to confirm
the diagnosis?
A. Microscopy of the pathological material
B. Disinfection of laboratory animals
C. Bacteriophage test
D. Hemagglutination reaction
E. Immobilization reaction
60. A patient with periodontitis has been
administered a glucocorticoid drug in
form of an ointment. Specify this oi-
ntment:
A. Prednisolone
B. Tetracycline
C. Decamine
D. Ampicillin
E. Erythromycin
61. A patient has a systemic inflammatory
lesion of connective tissue. Which anti-
inflammatory drug will reduce all the
inflammatory phases?
A. Prednisolone
B. Contrycal
C. Phenylbutazone
D. Indomethacin
E. Diclofenac sodium
62. During a surgery, the anesthesiologist
used a ganglionic blocker for controlled
hypotension. What drug was given the
patient in this case?
A. Hygronium
B. Benzohexonium
C. Pirilenum
D. Pentaminum
E. Pachycarpinum
63. A patient complains about retrosternal
pain, dyspnea and palpitation. After
examination he was diagnosed with
coronary heart disease and prescribed
verapamil. What is the mechanism of its
action?
A. It blocks calcium channels
B. It blocks α-adrenoreceptors
C. It blocks β-adrenoreceptors
D. It blocks potassium channels
E. It blocks sodium channels
64. A patient with acute heart failure
refractory to cardiac glycosides was given
an injection of dobutamine. What is the
mechanism of action of this drug?
A. Stimulation of β-1-adrenergic receptors
B. Complexation with membrane
phospholipids
C. Inhibition of K+
, Na+
- ATPase
D. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity
E. Increase of n.vagus tonus
65. A patient with chronic heart fai-
lure has been taking digoxin for several
months on an outpatient basis. At
a certain stage of treatment, he got
symptoms of drug overdose. What effect
underlies the development of this compli-
cation?

A. Material accumulation
B. Adaptation
C. Sensibilization
D. Functional cumulation
E. Tachyphylaxis
66. A patient has sustained a traumatic
injury of the greater pectoral muscle. This
resulted in a decrease of:
A. Inspiratory reserve volume
B. Expiratory reserve volume
C. Tidal volume
D. Residual volume
E. Functional residual lung capacity
67. In the framework of complex
treatment of gingivitis a patient has
been administered a drug that stimulates
leucopoiesis, accelerates wound healing,
enhances the growth and proliferation of
cells, has the anti-inflammatory effect. It
is applied for treatment of leukopenias
of different genesis, in the dental practice
it is used for treatment of inflammatory
diseases of the oral mucosa. Identify the
drug:
A. Pentoxylum
B. Mercaptopurine
C. Methotrexate
D. Cyanocobalamin
E. Coamide
68. Following a cold, a patient developed
numbness on the right side of his face.
Examination revealed a disturbance of
pain and temperature sensitivity on the
right side of the face. What nerve is
damaged?
A. Trigeminal
B. Facial
C. Glossopharyngeal
D. Vagus
E. Hypoglossal
69. A patient from Prykarpattia (at the
foot of the Carpathian mountains) wi-
th endemic goiter consulted a doctor
about suppuration of gingival angles and
loosening of teeth. What is a major factor
of periodontitis development in this case?
A. Endocrine disorders
B. Stress effects
C. Hypersalivation
D. Violation of swallowing
E. Malnutrition
70. A 50-year-old woman with myocardi-
al infarction has been delivered to the
intensive care unit. Which enzyme’s acti-
vity will be most increased during the first
two days?
A. Aspartate aminotransferase
B. Alanine aminotransferase
C. Alanine aminopeptidase
D. LDH4
E. LDH5
71. A patient with rheumatoid arthritis
has been given hydrocortisone for a long
time. He has developed hyperglycemia,
polyuria, glycosuria, thirst. These compli-
cations of treatment result from the acti-
vation of the following process:
A. Gluconeogenesis
B. Glycogenolysis
C. Glycogenesis
D. Glycolysis
E. Lipolysis
72. A female patient presents with the
ovarian hyperaemia, increased permeabi-
lity of the blood-follicle barrier with the
development of edema, infiltration of the
follicle wall with segmental leukocytes.
The follicle is large in volume. Its wall is
thickened. What period of the sex cycle is
the described situation typical for?
A. Preovulatory stage
B. Ovulation
C. Menstrual period
D. Postmenstrual period
E. Period of relative rest
73. Children often have laboured
nasal breathing which is caused by
overdevelopment of lymphoid tissue of
the pharyngeal mucous membrane. This
phenomenon may cause enlargement of
the following tonsils:
A. Tonsilla pharyngea
B. Tonsilla palatina
C. Tonsilla lingualis
D. Tonsilla tubaria
E. All above-mentioned
74. The total number of leukocytes in
patient’s blood is 90 · 109
/l. Leukogram:
eosinophils - 0%, basophils - 0%,
juvenile - 0%, stab neutrophils -
2%, segmentonuclear cells - 20%,
lymphoblasts - 1%, prolymphocytes - 2%,
lymphocytes - 70%, monocytes - 5%,
Botkin-Gumprecht cells. Clinical exami-
nation revealed enlarged cervical and
submandibular lymph nodes. Such clinical
presentations are typical for the following
pathology:

A. Chronic lympholeukosis
B. Acute lympholeukosis
C. Lymphogranulomatosis
D. Infectious mononucleosis
E. Chronic myeloleukosis
75. A 26-year-old patient was found to
have a big furuncle of soft tissues of face
by the root of nose and inferior eyelid.
This disease can be seriously complicated
by the infection spreading along veins of
this region to the sinuses of dura brain
mater. What sinus is most likely to be
affected?
A. Cavernous
B. Superior sagittal
C. Occipital
D. Sigmoid
E. Petrosal
76. A patient has a history of chronic
heart failure. Which of the following
hemodynamic parameters is a major
symptom of cardiac decompensation
development?
A. Decreased stroke volume
B. Tachycardia development
C. Tonogenic dilatation
D. Increased peripheral vascular resistance
E. Increased central venous pressure
77. Calcification of the intercellular
substance of bone tissue is accompani-
ed by the deposition of hydroxyapatite
crystals along the collagen fibers. This
process requires the presence of alkaline
phosphatase in the intercellular substance.
What cell produces this enzyme?
A. Osteoblast
B. Osteocyte
C. Osteoclast
D. Chondroblast
E. Chondrocyte
78. Depressions and emotional disorders
result from noradrenaline, serotonin and
other biogenic amines deficiency in brain.
Concentration of these compounds in
synapses can be increased by means of
antidepressants that inhibit the activity of
the following enzyme:
A. Monoamine oxidase
B. Diamine oxidase
C. L-amino acid oxidase
D. D-amino acid oxidase
E. Phenylalanine-4-monooxigenase
79. A 30-year-old patient with pneumonia
has been administered a 3-day course of
an antibiotic from the group of azalides
that has bactericidal effect, prolonged
action, the ability to bind to phagocytic
cells and accumulate in the infection foci.
What drug has been administered?
A. Azithromycin
B. Erythromycin
C. Benzylpenicillin sodium salt
D. Isoniazid
E. Ciprofloxacin
80. The patient’s mobile phone rang duri-
ng EEG recording. What changes will be
observed on the EEG?
A. Alpha rhythm will change into beta
rhythm
B. Alpha rhythm will increase
C. Beta rhythm will increase
D. Beta rhythm will change into alpha
rhythm
E. Alpha rhythm will change into delta
rhythm
81. In the armpits of a patient the small
(1-1,5 mm), dorsoventrally flattened, wi-
ngless, blood-sucking insects. Their larvae
developed in the armpits too. What di-
sease is caused by these insects?
A. Phthiriasis
B. Sleeping sickness
C. Chagas’ disease
D. Plague
E. Relapsing fever
82. A student who unexpectedly met
his girlfriend developed an increase in
systemic arterial pressure. This pressure
change was caused by the intensified reali-
zation of the following reflexes:
A. Conditional sympathetic
B. Conditional parasympathetic
C. Conditional sympathetic and
parasympathetic
D. Unconditional parasympathetic
E. Unconditional sympathetic
83. After the exposure to ionizing radiati-
on a person was found to have a decrease
in blood granulocyte level. What mechani-
sm underlies these changes?
A. Leikopoiesis inhibition
B. Increased passage of granulocytes into
the tissues
C. Autoimmune process development
D. Increased disintegration of leucocytes
E. Disturbed release of mature leukocytes
from the bone marrow

84. A patient underwent lobectomy of
the right middle lobe of a lung. What
segments of the lung were affected?
A. Lateral and medial
B. Apical, anterior
C. Basal medial and anterior
D. Basal posterior and lateral
E. Apical posterior and anterior
85. A patient was taken to a hospital wi-
th dizziness, dry mouth, mydriatic pupils,
accommodation disorder, tachycardia, di-
fficult urination, intestinal atony. These
symptoms might have been caused by
overdose of the following drug:
A. Atropine sulfate
B. Furosemide
C. Clonidine
D. Captopril
E. Prazosin
86. A 60-year-old man with a history of
chronic intestinal obstruction has excessi-
ve protein putrefaction in the colon. What
is the indicator of this process?
A. Indicanuria
B. Bilirubinuria
C. Hyperuricuria
D. Creatinuria
E. Glycosuria
87. An attack of tachycardia was stopped
by pressing on the eyeballs. Which of
the following reflexes underlies this
phenomenon?
A. Aschner reflex
B. Holtz reflex
C. Bainbridge reflex
D. Hering reflex
E. Bernard reflex
88. An unconscious patient had been deli-
vered to a hospital by the ambulance.
Objectively: absent reflexes, occasi-
onal convulsions, irregular breathing.
After a laboratory examination he was
diagnosed with hepatic coma. What
metabolite accumulation is essential for
the development of the central nervous
system disorders?
A. Ammonia
B. Urea
C. Glutamine
D. Bilirubin
E. Histamine
89. A patient of neurological department
has a sensitivity loss caused by the damage
to pseudounipolar neurocytes. Pseudouni-
polar neurons are a kind of bipolar
neurons and the only place of their locali-
zation in the human body is:
A. Spinal ganglions
B. Retina
C. Spiral ganglion
D. Intramural vegetative ganglia
E. Thalamic tubercle
90. A patient has been diagnosed with
sepsis. It was decided to treat him with
a drug from the fluoroquinolone group.
Specify this drug:
A. Ciprofloxacin
B. Cefpirome
C. Metronidazole
D. Ampicillin
E. Cephalexin
91. Curarelike substances (dithylinum)
make it impossible for skeletal muscles
to contract because they block:
A. Neuromuscular synapses
B. Central synapses
C. Ganglionic synapses
D. Membrane conduction of excitement
E. Proprioceptors
92. It was established that the conduction
velocity in the nerve fibers was equal to
120 m/sec. Specify these fibers:
A. Motoneuron axons
B. Preganglionic sympathetic
C. Preganglionic parasympathetic
D. Postganglionic sympathetic
E. Postganglionic parasympathetic
93. As a result of an injury the patient
is unable to move his tongue forward
and downward. Which of the following
muscles is damaged?
A. Genioglossal
B. Stylohyoid
C. Hyoglossal
D. Superior longitudinal
E. Inferior longitudinal
94. Inhibitory effect of GABA is due
to the increased permeability of the
postsynaptic membrane for chloride ions.
This mediator is produced as a result of
decarboxylation of the following amino
acid:

A. Glutamate
B. Aspartate
C. Glutamine
D. Asparagine
E. Arginine
95. Examination of a patient revealed
glycosuria and hyperglycemia. He
complains of dry mouth, itchy skin,
frequent urination, thirst. He has been di-
agnosed with diabetes mellitus. What is
the cause of polyuria in this patient?
A. Increased urine osmotic pressure
B. Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
C. Increased filtration pressure
D. Decreased cardiac output
E. Increased plasma oncotic pressure
96. During allergic rhinitis (inflammati-
on of the nasal mucosa) the number of
basophils in the connective tissue of the
mucosa increases, which is accompanied
by a tissue edema. This phenomenon is
associated with the following function of
tissue basophils:
A. Histamine synthesis
B. Production of intercellular substance
C. Phagocytosis
D. Antibody formation
E. Heat production
97. A patient has acute laryngotrachei-
tis with nonproductive cough that is very
exhaustive. Prescribe an antitussive drug:
A. Glaucine
B. Ambroxol
C. Mucaltin
D. Неrbа Тhermopsidis
E. Acetylcystein
98. A 37-year-old patient has has lost 5
kg in weight over the past three months,
he complains of hand tremor, excessi-
ve sweating, exophthalmos, tachycardia.
These changes might have been caused by
the increased secretion of the following
hormone:
A. Thyroxine
B. Cortisol
C. Insulin
D. Glucagon
E. Thyrocalcitonin
99. Experimenters irritate the peripheral
segment of the intersected sympathetic
nerve of an experimental dog. Which of
the following changes will be observed?
A. Bronchiectasis
B. Heart force decrease
C. Pupil constriction
D. Heart rate decrease
E. Increased gastric and intestinal motility
100. After a person had drunk 1,5 liters of
water, the amount of urine increased signi-
ficantly, and its relative density decreased
to 1,001. These changes are a result of
decreased water reabsorption in the distal
nephron portion due to reduced secretion
of:
A. Vasopressin
B. Aldosterone
C. Angiotensin II
D. Renin
E. Prostaglandins
101. Tooth extraction in a patient with
chronic persistent hepatitis was compli-
cated by a prolonged bleeding. What is
the cause of hemorrhagic syndrome?
A. Decreased production of thrombin
B. Increased production of thromboplastin
C. Decreased production of fibrin
D. Increased synthesis of fibrinogen
E. Increased fibrinolysis
102. A 12-year-old male patient has
tetanic convulsions. Which gland functi-
on may be impaired in this case?
A. Glandulae parathyroidae
B. Hypophisis
C. Glandula thyroidea
D. Thymus
E. Glandula pinealis
103. A 45-year-old female patient has
neurosis with irritability, insomnia, amoti-
vational anxiety. What tranquilizer will be
able to eliminate all symptoms of the di-
sease?
A. Diazepam
B. Paracetamol
C. Piracetam
D. Caffeine-sodium benzoate
E. Levodopa
104. A patient has been prescribed the
salt-free diet. What changes to the salt
taste sensitivity threshold should be
expected?
A. Decrease
B. No changes
C. Little change
D. Increase
E. Increase followed by a decrease

105. Degeneration of glycogen in liver is
stimulated by glucagon. What secondary
messenger (mediator) is thus formed in
the cell?
A. c-AMP
B. c-GMP
C. CO
D. NO
E. Triacylglycerol
106. A patient consulted a doctor about
loss of taste at the root of tongue. The
doctor established that this was due to a
nerve damage. What nerve was damaged?
A. Glossopharyngeal
B. Vagus
C. Facial
D. Superlaryngeal
E. Trigeminal
107. Injection of an anaesthetic before the
tooth extraction resulted in development
of anaphylactic shock accompanied by
oliguria. What pathogenetic mechanism
caused a decrease in diuresis in this case?
A. Decrease in hydrostatic pressure in the
renal corpuscle capillaries
B. Increase in hydrostatic pressure in the
Bowman’s capsule
C. Damage of glomerular filter
D. Increase in oncotic pressure of blood
plasma
E. Increase in vasopressin secretion
108. Survey radiograph of facial skull of a
16-year-old girl shows some hole-like foci
of cranial bone destruction. Histological
examination of biopsy material revealed
zones of destruction of bone trabeculae,
proliferation of connective tissue with
diffuse histiocytic infiltrate and a large
number of eosinophilic leukocytes. Di-
agnose the disease:
A. Eosinophilic granuloma
B. Histiocytosis X
C. Fibrous dysplasia
D. Osteoclastoma
E. Cherubism
109. During manipulations aimed at
treatment of mandible dislocation a physi-
cian should pay particular attention to a
muscle that pulls a capsule and interarti-
cular disc of temporomandibular arti-
culation exteriorly. What muscle is it?
A. M. pterygoideus lateralis
B. M. masseter
C. M. pterygoideus medialis
D. M. temporalis
E. M. mylohyoideus
110. A 71-year-old man had been presenti-
ng with diarrhea for 10 days. The feces had
admixtures of blood and mucus. He was
delivered to a hospital in grave condition
and died 2 days later. Autopsy of the body
revealed the following: diphtheritic colitis
with multiple irregularly-shaped ulcers of
different depth in both sigmoid colon and
rectus. Bacteriological analysis revealed
Shigella. What was the main disease?
A. Dysentery
B. Typhoid fever
C. Salmonellosis
D. Nonspecific ulcerous colitis
E. Yersiniosis
111. Microscopy of colonic biopsy materi-
al revealed a tumour made up of prismatic
epithelium and forming atypical glandular
structures of various shapes and sizes. The
basal membrane of glands was destroyed.
Tumour cells were polymorphic, with
hyperchromatic nuclei and a large number
of pathological mitoses. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
A. Adenocarcinoma
B. Basal cell carcinoma
C. Solid carcinoma
D. Mucosal carcinoma
E. Undifferentiated carcinoma
112. A physician is planning to diagnose
an infectious disease by means of aggluti-
nation test. What is required for this
reaction apart from the serum of a pati-
ent?
A. Diagnosticum
B. Diagnostic serum
C. Complement
D. Hemolytic serum
E. Anatoxin
113. Microscopy of a smear taken from
the film that appeared on the peptone
water 6 hours after seeding and culturing
of a fecal sample in a thermostat revealed
mobile gram-negative bacteria curved in
form of a comma that didn’t make spores
or capsules. What microorganisms were
revealed?

A. Vibrios
B. Spirochetes
C. Clostridia
D. Corynebacteria
E. Spirilla
114. A patient complains of toothache. On
examination he has been diagnosed wi-
th pulpitis. Which factor played a main
pathogenic role in the development of
pain syndrome in this case?
A. Increased intratissular pressure in the
dental pulp
B. Vasospasm
C. Inadequate stimulation of a mandibular
nerve branch
D. Activation of one of the components of
the complement system
E. Interleukin action
115. A 70-year-old man has developed
prosphetic stomatitis. Apart of this he
was found to have an evident lesion of
mouth corners. Microscopical examinati-
on revealed large ovoid gram-positive
cells. What microorganisms are most li-
kely to be the leading etiological agent of
such a lesion?
A. Candida fungi
B. Streptococci
C. Staphylococci
D. Neisseria
E. Corynebacteria
116. Periodontitis induces the development
of lipid peroxidation in the periodontal
tissues, as well as an increase in
malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide
concentration in the oral cavity. Which of
the following enzymes provides antioxi-
dant protection?
A. Catalase
B. Amylase
C. Maltase
D. Lactase
E. Invertase
117. A patient with a malignant neoplasm
on the upper jaw had been admi-
nistered morphine hydrochloride for
analgesia. The injection induced respi-
ratory depression, pupil constriction,
cyanosis, hypothermia, loss of consci-
ousness. What antidote must be used?
A. Naloxone
B. Atropine sulfate
C. Droperidol
D. Promedol
E. Adrenalin hydrochloride
118. The aim of the morphological study
was to investigate an endocrine gland
with parenchyma consisting of epitheli-
um and neural tissue. In the epithelial
trabeculae the study revealed two types
of cells: chromophile and chromophobe.
Identify this organ:
A. Pituitary gland
B. Adrenal gland
C. Hypothalamus
D. Thyroid gland
E. Parathyroid gland
119. It is known that the pentose
phosphate pathway occuring in the adi-
pocytes of adipose tissue acts as a cycle.
What is the main function of this cycle in
the adipose tissue?
A. NADPH2 generation
B. Ribose-phosphate production
C. Xenobiotic detoxiﬁcation
D. Energy generation
E. Glucose oxidation to end products
120. A patient with symptoms of acute
heart failure, namely pallor, acrocyanosis
and rapid shallow breathing, has been
delivered to the emergency department.
Which of these drugs is indicated in this
case?
A. Corglycon
B. Digitoxin
C. Cordiamine
D. Nitroglycerine
E. Adrenalin hydrochloride
121. Examination of a chemical plant
worker who had had a poisoning revealed
an increase in total bilirubin concentrati-
on at the expense of indirect fraction.
Feces and urine are characterized by hi-
gh stercobilin concentration. The level of
direct bilirubin in blood plasma is normal.
What type of jaundice is the case?
A. Hemolytic
B. Obstructive
C. Hepatic
D. Parenchymatous
E. Mechanical
122. After the transfusion of the
concentrated red blood cells the patient
developed posttransfusion shock. What is

the leading mechanism of acute renal fai-
lure in this case?
A. Glomerular filtration disorder
B. Tubular reabsorption disorder
C. Tubular secretion disorder
D. Urinary excretion disorder
E. Impairment of the renal incretory
function
123. A histological specimen of mandible
of an embryo shows a tooth germ with the
dental papilla made up of small stellate
basophilic cells. What tissue forms this
part of the tooth germ?
A. Mesenchyme
B. Epithelial
C. Reticular
D. Cartilaginous
E. Osseous
124. In order to eliminate occupational ri-
sks dental workers underwent vaccinati-
on. The vaccine should protect them from
a viral infection, whose pathogen may be
found in blood of dental patients who had
had this infection or who are its chronic
carriers. What vaccine was used?
A. Genetically engineered HBs antigen
B. Inactivated hepatitis A vaccine
C. Live measles vaccine
D. Subunit influenza vaccine
E. Anti-rabies vaccine
125. A patient has secretory dysfunction
of the submandibular salivary galnd. Whi-
ch nerve is responsible for its vegetative
innervation?
A. Сhorda tympani
B. N.auriculotemporalis
C. N.mandibularis
D. N.petrosus major
E. N.petrosus minor
126. A patient complains of frequent
bowel movements and stool with blood
admixtures ("raspberry jelly"stool). Mi-
croscopic examination revealed large
mononuclear cells with absorbed red
blood cells. What protozoon is this
morphological structure typical for?
A. Entamoeba histolytica
B. Giardia lamblia
C. Campylobacter jejuni
D. Toxoplasma gondii
E. Balantidium coli
127. A child is 6 years old. The permanent
teeth have started to take the place of the
primary teeth. What teeth are the first to
emerge?
A. Lower first molars
B. Lower first premolars
C. Upper first premolars
D. Upper medial incisors
E. Lower canines
128. Examination of the oral mucosa
revaled a small nodule with papi-
llary surface. Histological examination
revealed conjugate papillary proliferati-
ons of stratified squamous epithelium
without cellular atypism and underlyi-
ng stroma represented by thin-walled
vessels and loose connective tissue. What
formation has developed in a patient?
A. Papilloma
B. Fibroma
C. Fibrolipoma
D. Epithelium hyperplasia
E. Basal cell carcinoma
129. A patient with mandibular
osteomyelitis has been administered an
antibiotic from the tetracycline group.
Specify this drug:
A. Doxycycline hydrochloride
B. Rifampicin
C. Streptomycin
D. Oxacillin
E. Amikacin
130. Histological specimen of mandible
shows 10 tooth buds connected to the
dental plate. Which element of tooth germ
will develop out of them?
A. Enamel organ
B. Dental bulb
C. Dental sac
D. Enamel spindles
E. Enamel pearls
131. After the extraction of the lower first
premolar the patient had dentoalveolar
haemorrhage. What artery did the bleedi-
ng occur from?
A. Inferior alveolar
B. Mental
C. Transverse facial artery
D. Lingual
E. Buccal
132. Vestibular surface of the left lower
incisor has a pink fungoid formation
up to 2 cm large which is fixed to the
supra-alveolar tissue by a wide pedi-
cle. Histological examination revealed

branched capillary vessels with multiple
hemorrhages and foci of hemosiderosis.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Angiomatous epulis
B. Fibrous epulis
C. Giant cell epulis
D. Gingival fibromatosis
E. Cavernous hemangioma
133. In a bacteriological laboratory some
bacterial smears had to be stained by
Gram’s method. For this purpose the
following reagents were prepared: gentian
violet, Lugol’s solution, aqueous fuchsin
solution. What other reagent is required?
A. 96% ethanol
B. 5% sulfuric acid
C. Methylene blue solution
D. Carbolic fuchsin
E. 3% hydrogen peroxide
134. Wilson’s disease is a disorder of
copper transport which leads to the
accumulation of this metal in brain and
liver cells. It is associated with a di-
sturbance in the synthesis of the following
protein:
A. Ceruloplasmin
B. Metallothionein
C. Transcobalamin
D. Haptoglobin
E. Siderophilin
135. Reduced activity of antioxidant
enzymes enhances peroxidation of cell
membrane lipids. The reduction of
glutathione peroxidase activity is caused
by the following microelement deficiency:
A. Selenium
B. Molybdenum
C. Cobalt
D. Manganese
E. Copper
136. A patient has wound abscess.
Bacteriological examination of the wound
content revealed a gram-negative baci-
llus which forms semi-transparent mucous
colonies of blue-green colour with a
pearlescent appearance on the beef-
extract agar. Culture has a specific odour
of violets or jasmine. What type of
pathogen was isolated from the patient’s
wound?
A. P. aeruginosa
B. P. vulgaris
C. S. aureus
D. S. pyogenes
E. S. faecalis
137. A patient is 59 years old and works as
director of a private enterprise. After the
inspection by tax authorities he developed
intense burning retrosternal pain radiati-
ng to the left arm. After 15 minutes the
patient returned to normal. What is the
leading mechanism for the development
of stenocardia in this patient?
A. Increased level of blood catecholamines
B. Coronary atherosclerosis
C. Intravascular aggregation of blood
corpuscles
D. Coronary thrombosis
E. Functional overload of heart
138. Autopsy of a young man revealed
some lung cavities with inner walls made
up of granulation tissue with varyi-
ng degrees of maturity; pronounced
pneumosclerosis and bronchiectasis.
Some cavities had caseation areas. What
is your presumptive diagnosis?
A. Fibrous cavernous tuberculosis
B. Infiltrative tuberculosis
C. Caseous pneumonia
D. Acute cavernous tuberculosis
E. Bronchiectasis
139. A patient has herpetic conjunctivitis.
What etiotropic drug should be admini-
stered?
A. Acyclovir
B. Ampicillin
C. Methisazonum
D. Furagin
E. Tetracycline
140. A woman got infected with rubella
during pregnancy. The child was born wi-
th malformations, namely cleft lip and
palate. The child’s genotype is normal.
These malformations are a manifestati-
on of:
A. Modification variability
B. Polyploidies
C. Combinatory variability
D. Chromosomal mutations
E. Aneuploidies
141. During ventricular systole the muscle
does not respond to additional stimulati-
on because it is in the phase of:

A. Absolute adiaphoria
B. Relative adiaphoria
C. Increased excitability
D. Subnormal excitability
E. -
142. In a hot weather, the microclimate in
hot rooms is often normalized by fans.
At the same time heat radiation from the
human body increases through:
A. Convection
B. Heat conduction
C. Conduction
D. Radiation
E. Evaporation
143. A patient has a history of chronic
obstructive bronchitis. Blood gas analysis
revealed the development of hypoxemia
and hypercapnia on the background
of dyspnea, tachycardia and cyanosis.
What disorder of external respiration is
observed in the patient?
A. Hypoventilation
B. Hypoperfusion
C. Hyperperfusion
D. Hyperdiffusion
E. Hyperventilation
144. DNA replication occurs during the
cell division when a signal is received from
the cytoplasm, and a certain portion of the
DNA helix is unwound and divided into
two chains. The helix is unwound by the
following enzyme:
A. Helicase
B. RNA polymerase
C. Ligase
D. Restrictase
E. DNA polymerase
145. Examples of human-specific parasi-
tes are malaria plasmodium, enterobius
vermicularis and some other. The source
of invasion of such parasites is always
a human. Such human-specific parasites
cause diseases that are called:
A. Anthroponotic
B. Zoonotic
C. Anthropozoonotic
D. Infectious
E. Multifactorial
146. A patient with a pronounced icteri-
tiousness of skin, sclera and mucous
membranes has urine of dark beer colour
and colourless feces. Direct bilirubin in
blood is elevated, urine contains bilirubin.
What type of jaundice is it?
A. Obstructive
B. Parenchymatous
C. Hemolytic
D. Conjugation
E. Excretory
147. On the base of the clinical data a chi-
ld was diagnosed with atypical pneumonia
resistant to the effects of beta-lactam anti-
biotics. The patient’s sputum was cultured
and incubated in a special medium, whi-
ch resulted in growth of microorganisms
forming microscopic colonies with a dense
center (looking like fried eggs). What mi-
croorganism caused the disease?
A. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
B. Klebsiella pneumoniae
C. Streptococcus pneumoniae
D. Legionella pneumophila
E. Chlamidia pneumoniae
148. Detection of X-chromatin in somatic
cells is used for the quick diagnosis of
hereditary diseases associated with a
change in the sex chromosome number.
Vast majority of a man’s cells have three
X-chromatin bodies. What is the man’s
karyotype?
A. 49, XXXXY
B. 45, X
C. 46, XY
D. 47, XXY
E. 48, XXXY
149. The surgically excised connective ti-
ssue of the deformed mitral valve gives
a basophilic reaction when stained wi-
th hematoxylin and eosin. When stai-
ned with toluidine blue it turns purple
(metachromasia). What changes of the
connective tissue can be detected by such
reactions?
A. Mucoid edema
B. Fibrinoid necrosis of connective tissue
C. Connective tissue edema
D. Petrification
E. Hyalinosis
150. Throughout a year a 37-year-old
woman periodically got infectious di-
seases of bacterial origin, their course
was extremely lingering, remissions were
short. Examination revealed low level of
major classes of immunoglobulins. The di-
rect cause of this phenomenon may be the
following cell dysfunction:

A. Plasmocytes
B. Phagocytes
C. Neutrophils
D. Macrophages
E. Lymphocytes
151. An animal had been intensively fed
with carbohydrates. Histologic exami-
nation of its liver revealed a significant
number of glycogen granules. Glycogen
relates to the following group of cell
structures:
A. Trophic granules
B. Secretory granules
C. Excretory granules
D. Pigment granules
E. Special organelles
152. Nucleolus organizers of human
chromosomes 13-15, 21, 22 include about
200 gene clusters that synthesize RNA.
These chromosomal regions contain the
information on the following type of
RNA:
A. rRNA
B. tRNA
C. mRNA
D. snRNA
E. tRNA + rRNA
153. A patient has the pronounced pain
syndrome induced by neuralgia. What
drug from the group of nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs will reduce pain sensi-
tivity?
A. Diclofenac sodium
B. Codeine phosphate
C. Ketamine hydrochloride
D. Lidocaine hydrochloride
E. Droperidol
154. Steatosis is caused by accumulation
of triacylglycerols in hepatocytes. One of
the mechanisms of this disease is to reduce
the utilization of neutral fat VLDL. What
lipotropic substances prevent the steatosis
development?
A. Methionine, B6, B12
B. Arginine, B2, B3
C. Alanine, B1, PP
D. Valine, B3, B2
E. Isoleucine, B1, B2
155. Cytogenetic analysis established that
the patient had the 47, XYY karyotype.
The extra chromosome in the karyotype
has a centromere located very close to
one of the chromosome ends so that one
chromosomal arm is much shorter than
the other one. Such a chromosome is
called:
A. Acrocentric
B. Metacentric
C. Submetacentric
D. Telocentric
E. Submetacentric with a satellite
156. In course of a surgery the surgeon
needs to expose spatium antescalenum.
What structure forms the posterior border
of this space?
A. M. scalenus anterior
B. M. scalenus medius
C. M. scalenus posterior
D. M. longus colli
E. M. longus capitis
157. A 26-year-old woman at 40 weeks’
gestation was admitted to the materni-
ty ward. Examination revealed that the
cervix was open, but uterine contracti-
ons were absent. The doctor gave her a
hormonal drug to induce labor. Specify
this drug:
A. Oxytocin
B. Hydrocortisone
C. Estrone
D. Testosterone
E. ACTH
158. A patient consulted an immunologist
about diarrhea, weight loss within several
months, low-grade fever, enlarged lymph
nodes. The doctor suspected HIV infecti-
on. What immunocompetent cells must be
studied in the first place?
A. Helper T-lymphocytes
B. Suppressor T-lymphocytes
C. B-lymphocytes
D. Monocytes
E. Plasma cells
159. A patient with arthritis and varicose
veins has been taking a nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drug for a long time, which
caused the thrombosis of cutaneous vei-
ns. Which of the listed drugs might have
caused this complication?
A. Celecoxib
B. Indomethacin
C. Aspirin
D. Phenylbutazone
E. Ibuprofen
160. It is known that many hormones
act through the adenylate cyclase
system causing the enzyme activation by

phosphorylation. What enzyme is acti-
vated by hormonal signals and catalyzes
glycogen breakdown?
A. Phosphorylase
B. Phosphotransferase
C. Glucomutase
D. Phosphatase
E. Tyrosinase
161. A patient has been diagnosed with a
haemorrhage in the region of the lateral
sulcus of the brain. As a result, the blood
flow is disturbed in the following artery:
A. A. cerebri media
B. A. communicans anterior
C. A. cerebri posterior
D. A. cerebri anterior
E. A. communicans posterior
162. After starting treatment for
pulmonary tuberculosis a patient complai-
ned about red tears and urine. What drug
could cause such changes?
A. Rifampicin
B. Benzylpenicillin sodium salt
C. Benzylpenicillin potassium salt
D. Biseptol-480
E. Cefazolin
163. A patient has an inflammation in
the pterygopalatine fossa. The infection
has spread into the nasal cavity. Whi-
ch anatomical structure has the infection
spread through?
A. Foramen sphenopalatinum
B. Foramen rotundum
C. Canalis palatinus major
D. Canalis palatinus minor
E. Canalis ptherygoideus
164. Phenylketonuria is a disease caused
by a recessive gene that is localized in the
autosome. The parents are heterozygous
for this gene. They already have two sons
with phenylketonuria and one healthy
daughter. What is the probability that
their fourth child will have the disease
too?
A. 25%
B. 0%
C. 50%
D. 75%
E. 100%
165. It has been revealed that intense
physical exercise causes activation of
gluconeogenesis in liver of experimantal
rats. Which substance is glucose precursor
in this case?
A. Pyruvate
B. Glycogen
C. Palmitate
D. Urea
E. Stearate
166. Histological examination of a tissue
sample revealed that the tissue had no
blood vessels, and the cells were packed ti-
ghtly together making layers. Specify this
tissue:
A. Epithelial
B. Cartilaginous
C. Osseous
D. Nervous
E. Muscular
167. A patient complains of an increased
sensitivity of the posterior third of his
tongue as well as of a gustatory di-
sturbance in this region. What nerve is
damaged?
A. Glossopharyngeal
B. Facial
C. Trigeminal
D. Accessory
E. Hypoglossal
168. Histological study of a microslide of
human skin found only dense irregular
connective tissue. Which layer of this
organ was analysed?
A. Reticular dermis
B. Papillary dermis
C. Subcutaneous adipose tissue
D. Epidermis
E. Basal layer of epidermis
169. After a thorough examination the
patient who had returned from Central
Asia to Ukraine was diagnosed with
spring-summer encephalitis. Its pathogen
might have entered the body through the
bite of the following arthropod:
A. Dog-louse
B. Taiga tick
C. Argasid tick (ornithodorus papillipes)
D. Itch mite
E. Mosquito
170. A patient has been preliminarily di-
agnosed withf paragonimiasis. This di-
sease is caused by lung flukes. The causati-
ve agent entered into the patient’s body
through:

A. Eating half-cooked lobsters and crabs
B. Eating unwashed vegetables
C. Contact with an infected cat
D. Eating half-cooked or dried fish
E. Drinking raw water from open reservoi-
rs
171. After examining the patient the
doctor recommended him to eliminate
rich meat and vegetable broth, spices,
smoked products from the diet, since the
patient was found to have:
A. Increased secretion of hydrochloric acid
by the stomach glands
B. Reduced secretion of hydrochloric acid
by the stomach glands
C. Reduced motility of the gastrointestinal
tract
D. Reduced salivation
E. Biliary dyskinesia
172. A patient has symptoms of
atherosclerosis. What plasma lipid
transport forms should have an increased
concentration?
A. LDL
B. HDL
C. IDL
D. VLDL
E. Chylomicrons
173. A patient with chronic heart fai-
lure had been taking digitoxin for several
months, during digitalization the followi-
ng symptoms developed: headache,
nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite, impai-
red color vision, bradycardia. What anti-
dote should be administered to reduce the
intoxication symptoms?
A. Unithiol
B. Atropine sulfate
C. Prednisolone
D. Adrenalin hydrochloride
E. Naloxone
174. A patient presents with dysfunction
of shin muscles. He cannot raise his body
by standing on tiptoe. Which muscle is
affected?
A. M. triceps surae
B. M. tibialis posterior
C. M. extensor digitorum longus
D. M. flexor digitorum longus
E. M. tibialis anterior
175. As a result of an injury a child
developed an abscess of adipose tissue of
cheek. With time the process spread to the
lateral surface of pharynx. The pus spread
along the following fascia:
A. Bucco-pharyngeal
B. Temporal
C. Masticatory
D. Parotid
E. -
176. Mother of a 10-year-old boy wi-
th purulent gingivitis consulted a denti-
st about the possibility of gingivitis
treatment with fluoroquinolone drugs.
The doctor gave a negative answer explai-
ning it by the fact that fluoroquinolones:
A. Damage the cartilage tissue in children
B. Damage dentin
C. Have cauterizing effect on the mucous
membranes
D. Provoke loss of calcium from bones and
teeth
E. Provoke gingival haemorrhage
177. Some proteins of saliva have a
protective function. Which of them
protects the oral mucosa from the
mechanical damage?
A. Mucin
B. Lysozyme
C. Catalase
D. Peroxidase
E. Renin
178. Following treatment with a highly-
efficient anti-tuberculosis drug a 48-year-
old female developed optic nerve neuri-
tis, memory impairment, cramps. Which
of these anti-TB drugs had the patient
taken?
A. Isoniazid
B. PASA
C. Rifampicin
D. Ethambutol
E. Kanamycin sulfate
179. A 20-year-old male got his tongue
pierced. 5 months later a dense pale
pink formation appeared in the zone
of puncture. Biopsy revealed growing
connective tissue with focal clusters of si-
ngle polymorphonuclear neutrophils, fi-
broblasts, foreign body cells, lymphocytes
and plasmocytes. What kind of pathologi-
cal process developed in the tongue ti-
ssues?
A. Nonspecific productive inflammation
B. Fibrinous exudative inflammation
C. Purulent exudative inflammation
D. Circulatory disturbance
E. Tumour

180. A patient with a severe maxillofaci-
al trauma has been delivered to the
emergency department. What drug should
be given this patient to relieve pain shock?
A. Promedol
B. Sydnocarb
C. Ibuprofen
D. Pantogam
E. Mydocalm
181. When processing a molar tooth with
a dental cutter the dentist has by accident
deeply wounded the patient’s cheek and
damaged not only the mucosa but also a
muscle. Which muscle was hurt?
A. Buccal muscle
B. Greater zygomatic muscle
C. Masticatory muscle
D. Orbicular muscle of the mouth
E. Mylohyoid muscle
182. Ionizing radiation or vitamin E
deficiency may increase the permeabi-
lity of lysosome membranes. What
consequences may arise from this
pathology?
A. Partial or complete cell disintegration
B. Intensive protein synthesis
C. Intense energy synthesis
D. Restoration of the cytoplasmic
membrane
E. Formation of cleavage spindle
183. A patient with marked manifestati-
ons of exsicosis died in the infectious
disease hospital. Postmortem examinati-
on results: the corpse with contracted
muscles, dry skin and mucous membranes,
thick and dark blood in veins, edematous
plethoric mucosa, distended bowel loops,
the lumen contains about 4 liters of rice-
water fluid. What is the most likely di-
agnosis?
A. Cholera
B. Enteric fever
C. Dysentery
D. Anthrax, intestinal form
E. Yersiniosis
184. Treatment of a patient with heredi-
tary form of immunodeficiency involved
gene therapy: the enzyme gene was
introduced into the cells of the patient by
means of a retrovirus. What property of
the genetic code allows to use retroviruses
as vectors of functional genes?
A. Universality
B. Specificity
C. Collinearity
D. Continuity
E. Redundancy
185. Postmortem examination of a pati-
ent with a long history of rheumatism
revealed thickening and shortening of
the mitral valve leaflets with abundant
thrombotic deposits. Histological exami-
nation of the valve leaflets confirmed
sclerosis and revealed multiple foci of
connective tissue disorganization in form
of mucoid and fibrinoid swelling, as well
as deendothelization foci. Endothelium
defects were covered with thrombotic
deposits of 1-2 mm. What type of valvular
endocarditis is the case?
A. Recurrent verrucous endocarditis
B. Acute verrucous endocarditis
C. Fibroplastic endocarditis
D. Diffuse valvulitis
E. Polypous-ulcerative endocarditis
186. Following the tooth extraction for
acute pulpitis complicated by purulent
periodontitis a patient developed
osteomyelitis of mandible. 10 days later
the patient died with symptoms of severe
intoxication. Autopsy revealed a 2x2 cm
large abscess of the right frontal lobe
of brain, bilateral abscessed pneumonia,
myeloid hyperplasia of spleen. What is
the most likely diagnosis?
A. Pyosepticemia
B. Septicemia
C. Chroniosepsis
D. Secondary septic endocarditis
E. -
187. A 4-year-old girl died suddenly with
symptoms of asphyxia. Autopsy revealed
white spots on the buccal mucosa; large
blotches of rash on the skin of face, trunk
and extremities; conjunctivitis, edema
with foci of necrosis on the laryngeal
mucosa; giant-cell pneumonia on mi-
croscopy. What is the most likely di-
agnosis?
A. Measles
B. Scarlet fever
C. Influenza
D. Meningococcal infection
E. Typhus
188. A 69-year-old patient got a small
plaque with subsequent ulceration on the
skin of the lower eyelid. The formation
was removed. Microscopic examination

of dermis revealed complexes of atypical
epitelial cells arranged perpendicularly to
the basal membrane on the periphery.
The cells were dark, of polygonal pri-
smatic shape with hyperchromic nuclei wi-
th frequent mitoses. What is the histologi-
cal form of carcinoma in this patient?
A. Basal cell carcinoma
B. Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
C. Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carci-
noma
D. Adenocarcinoma
E. Undifferentiated
189. A 65-year-old patient had been
treated for 3 days in the resuscitation
unit for a cardiac pathology. Suddenly
he developed ventricular fibrillation whi-
ch turned out to be the immediate cause
of death. Microscopy of the left ventri-
cular myocard revealed a large focus of
cardiomyocyte karyolysis demarcated by
the zone of hyperaemia. What cardiac
pathology was the cause of death?
A. Acute myocardial infarction
B. Ischemic myocardial degeneration
C. Acute myocarditis
D. Diffuse cardiosclerosis
E. Postinfarction cardiosclerosis
190. Anatomical dead space is the part of
air that remains in the airways after the
expiration. Anatomical dead space will be
reduced in the following situation:
A. Tracheostomy
B. Patient’s head is flexed forward
C. Lying patient is turned to his left side
D. Lying patient is turned to his right side
E. Breathing through the mouth
191. Microscopy of dental plaque revealed
unicellular organisms. Their cytoplasm
had two distinct layers, barely visible core,
wide pseudopodia. The patient is most li-
kely to have:
A. Entamoeba gingivalis
B. Lamblia
C. Trichomonas tenax
D. Entamoeba histolytica
E. Entamoeba coli
192. A patient visited a dentist for acute
dental pain in the lower left canine. He
was diagnosed with pulpitis. What nerve
innervates this tooth?
A. Inferior alveolar
B. Superior alveolar
C. Palatal
D. Zygomatic
E. Facial
193. After a severe stress a patient was
found to have eosinopenia. A decrease
in the eosinophil number can be explai-
ned by the changed concentration of the
following hormones:
A. Glucocorticoids
B. Adrenaline
C. Insulin
D. Mineralocorticoids
E. Vasopressin
194. In the dental practice, the vitality of
tooth tissues is estimated by electric pulp
test. What parameter is assessed?
A. Threshold stimulus intensity
B. Chronaxie
C. Productive time
D. Accommodation
E. Lability
195. Platelet adhesion at the site of
vascular injury is of great importance for
the mechanisms of primary hemostasis.
Which factor plays a major part in this
process?
A. Willebrand’s
B. Fitzgerald’s
C. Fletcher’s
D. Hageman’s
E. Rosenthal’s
196. Before an exam a student complained
of acute dental pain which grew less duri-
ng the exam. What inhibition caused the
pain abatement?
A. External
B. Protective
C. Declining
D. Differentiating
E. Delayed
197. Continuous treatment of cancer pati-
ents with methotrexate over time reduces
the target cell’s sensitivity to the drug. In
this case gene amplification of the followi-
ng enzyme is observed:
A. Dihydrofolate reductase
B. Thiaminase
C. Deaminase
D. Thioredoxin reductase
Thioredoxin reductase
E. -

198. Analysis of biopsy material of uri-
nary bladder mucosa revealed a tumour
of epithelial origin. What kind of epitheli-
um was the source of this tumour?
A. Stratiﬁed transitional
B. Stratiﬁed squamous nonkeratinizing
C. Simple squamous
D. Multinucleated ciliated
E. Simple cubical
199. A patient with diabetes mellitus
developed ketoacidotic coma due to the
acid-base disturbance. What type of di-
sorder had arisen in this case?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Exogenous acidosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Gaseous alkalosis
E. Nongaseous alkalosis
200. As a result of a rapid change from
horizontal to vertical body position a 16-
year-old girl lost consciousness. What is
the reason for it?
A. Decreased venous return
B. Increased venous return
C. Heart rate decrease
D. Arterial pressure rise
E. -

Krok 1 - 2013 Question Paper (Stomatology)

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Krok 1 - 2013 Question Paper (Stomatology)