Landslide_Prevention_Measures_Engineering Geology.pptx

Landslide_Prevention_Measures_Engineering Geology.pptx

• 1.
  Introduction to Landslide Prevention •• Landslides are mass movements of soil, rock, and debris. • • They are triggered by rainfall, earthquakes, and human activities. • • Prevention involves engineering, bioengineering, and planning measures. • • Objective: reduce hazard, vulnerability, and risk. • • National and international guidelines emphasize integrated approaches.
• 2.
  Slope Stabilization Techniques •• Cut and fill methods to reduce slope steepness. • • Benching or terracing to break slope length. • • Use of retaining walls for slope support. • • Stabilization through geosynthetics reinforcement. • • Drainage channels to prevent water accumulation.
• 3.
  Surface Drainage Control •• Proper surface drainage prevents infiltration. • • Construction of contour drains. • • Lined ditches for rapid water removal. • • Avoidance of uncontrolled runoff towards slopes. • • Regular maintenance to prevent clogging.
• 4.
  Subsurface Drainage Systems •• Horizontal drains to reduce pore water pressure. • • Use of perforated pipes for groundwater control. • • Drainage wells to intercept aquifers. • • Relief wells to prevent uplift pressure. • • Lowering water table increases slope stability.
• 5.
  Retaining Structures • •Gravity retaining walls with concrete or masonry. • • Reinforced earth walls for flexible support. • • Gabion walls as economical solutions. • • Soil nailing for reinforcing slopes. • • Anchored walls in critical slope zones.
• 6.
  Bioengineering Measures • •Planting deep-rooted vegetation to bind soil. • • Use of vetiver grass in slope protection. • • Agroforestry practices on hill slopes. • • Bio-fencing with bamboo or shrubs. • • Rehabilitation of degraded slopes with vegetation.
• 7.
  Rockfall Protection • •Rock bolts for stabilizing rock faces. • • Shotcrete to cover fractured rocks. • • Rockfall nets and mesh barriers. • • Catch fences along highways and railways. • • Scaling to remove loose rock material.
• 8.
  Erosion Control Measures •• Use of mulching to protect soil surface. • • Check dams across gullies. • • Riprap protection along streams. • • Coir mats and jute geotextiles. • • Surface roughening to reduce velocity of runoff.
• 9.
  Land Use Planning •• Avoid construction in landslide-prone areas. • • Strict regulation of hill cutting. • • Relocation of settlements from hazard zones. • • Implementation of buffer zones. • • Zoning laws based on hazard mapping.
• 10.
  Geotechnical Investigations • •Site-specific soil and rock analysis. • • Slope stability analysis methods (limit equilibrium, FEM). • • Monitoring pore pressure and groundwater table. • • Use of inclinometer and extensometer. • • Early detection of slope deformation.
• 11.
  Seismic Considerations • •Seismic slope stability analysis required. • • Earthquake-resistant retaining structures. • • Avoidance of liquefaction-prone soils. • • Slope reinforcement against seismic shocks. • • International codes recommend dynamic stability checks.
• 12.
  Road and InfrastructureDesign • • Alignment avoiding unstable slopes. • • Adequate drainage along hill roads. • • Protective galleries and tunnels in slide zones. • • Retaining walls along road embankments. • • Bioengineering combined with engineering works.
• 13.
  Rainfall Management • •Rainfall thresholds for landslide initiation. • • Rainwater harvesting to reduce runoff. • • Stormwater management practices. • • Seasonal slope inspections during monsoon. • • Rainfall monitoring linked to early warning systems.
• 14.
  Early Warning Systems •• Rainfall threshold-based alerts. • • Use of ground-based sensors (tiltmeters, piezometers). • • Satellite-based monitoring (InSAR). • • Community-based warning dissemination. • • Integration of weather forecasts with hazard alerts.
• 15.
  Community Awareness and Education •• Awareness campaigns in hilly regions. • • Community training on slope monitoring. • • School-based disaster education programs. • • Community participation in slope stabilization. • • Local knowledge integration in hazard management.
• 16.
  Policy and Legislation •• National landslide risk management policies. • • Mandatory geotechnical studies for projects. • • Enforcement of building codes in hilly areas. • • International guidelines (UNDRR, UNESCO). • • Insurance and financial risk-sharing mechanisms.
• 17.
  Monitoring and Maintenance •• Routine inspection of slopes and structures. • • Clearing blocked drains and channels. • • Repair of minor slope failures early. • • Regular vegetation management. • • Long-term monitoring of stabilized slopes.
• 18.
  Case Studies –India • • Nilgiris slope stabilization through bioengineering. • • Himalayan road protection using retaining structures. • • Sikkim landslide early warning initiatives. • • Northeast India hazard zoning studies. • • Kerala landslide rehabilitation programs.
• 19.
  Case Studies –International • • Hong Kong’s slope management program. • • Japan’s advanced landslide monitoring systems. • • USA (Oregon, California) slope stabilization techniques. • • Italy’s Po Valley landslide mitigation. • • Switzerland’s alpine slope hazard management.
• 20.
  Conclusion and Integrated Approach •• Engineering + bioengineering + planning synergy is key. • • Active monitoring and early warning reduce risks. • • Community involvement enhances sustainability. • • Policies should enforce risk-informed development. • • Future approaches: AI, IoT, and remote sensing integration.