Laravel5 Introduction and essentials

LARAVEL 5
Introduction and Essential Training
By Pramod Kadam.

● Software Developer - 4.5 + Years experience.
● Sr. Software Developer at Ansh Systems Pvt. Ltd.
● Working technologies - PHP, Laravel5,
AngularJs, MySQL, Web services so on..
● Software Developer at Weblogicx
(weblogicx.com).
● LinkedIn : @pramodvkadam.
● Github : pramodvkadam.
● Stackoverflow : @statckoverflow
About Me

What and why Laravel?
● “Full stack” PHP framework for Web Artisans.
● Build on top of Symfony2 components.
● Most popular PHP framework 2013,2014,2015
and now.
● Easy configuration using php “dotenv”.
● Easy installation using composer.

System Requirement
● PHP >= 5.5.9
● OpenSSL PHP Extension
● PDO PHP Extension
● Mbstring PHP Extension
● Tokenizer PHP Extension
● Composer (Tool)

Installation
● Installing Laravel with the Laravel installer tool
○ For install laravel installer need following command
composer global require "laravel/installer=~1.1"
○ Once Laravel installer tool installed use following command
for create new project
laravel new projectName
●● Installing Laravel with Composer’s create-project
feature
○ If you don't want to install Laravel install tool use following
composer command for create project
○composer create-project laravel/laravel projectName --
prefer-dist

Laravel directory structure
● app
● bootstrap
● config
● database
● public
● resources
● storage
● tests
● vendor
● .env
● .env.example
● .gitattributes
● .gitignore
● artisan
● composer.json
● composer.lock
● gulpfile.js
● package.json
● phpspec.yml
● phpunit.xml
● readme.md
● server.php

Routing
● Laravel’s routes are defined in app/Http/routes.php
● The simplest route definition matches a URI (e.g. / ) with a
Closure:
Route::get('/', function () {
return 'Hello, World!';
});
● Routes with static html pages :
return view('welcome');
});
Route::get('about', function () {
return view('about');
});
a.

Restful routes
});
Route::post('/', function () {});
Route::put('/', function () {});
Route::delete('/', function () {});
Route::any('/', function () {});
Route::match(['get', 'post'], '/', function () {});

Parameterised routes
● Strict parameters :
Route::get('users/{id}/friends', function ($id) {
// logic
});
● Optional parameters :
Route::get('users/{id?}', function ($id = 'fallbackId')
// logic
});
● Parameters with regular expression :
Route::get('users/{id}', function ($id) {
//
})->where('id', '[0-9]+');
Route::get('users/{username}', function ($username) {
//
})->where('username', '[A-Za-z]+');

Route Groups
● Route group middleware
Route::group(['middleware' => 'auth'], function () {
Route::get('dashboard', function () {
return view('dashboard');
});
Route::get('account', function () {
return view('account');
});
});
● Route group route prefix
Route::group(['prefix' => 'api'], function () {
//
});
Route::get('users', function () {
//
});
});
1.

Views
● Static view
return view('home');
return View::make('home');
});
Html page found in resources/views/home.blade.php
● Passing variables to views
Route::get('tasks', function () {
$tasks = array(1,2,3 ...);
return view('tasks.index',compact(‘tasks’));
// ->with('tasks', $tasks);
});

Controllers
● Laravel provides Artisan command for creating controller (you
can create manually also):
○ php artisan make:controller NewsController
● This will create a new file named NewsController.php in
app/Http/Controllers
● Following code will generate default
namespace AppHttpControllers;
use IlluminateHttpRequest;
use AppHttpRequests;
use AppHttpControllersController;
class NewsController extends Controller
{
// methods
}

Bind route with controller
● Route for the simplest controller
Route::get('/','NewsController@home');
● Simplest controller example
namespace AppHttpControllers;
use AppHttpControllersController;
class NewsController extends Controller
{
public function home()
{
}
}

Getting user input in controller
● Binding basic form actions
// app/Http/routes.php
Route::get('new/create', 'NewsController@create');
Route::post('new', 'NewsController@store');
● Common form input controller method
// NewsController.php
...
public function store()
{
$news = new News;
$news->title = Input::get('title');
$news->description = Input::get('description');
$news->save();
return redirect('news');
}

● Injected Dependencies into Controllers
− // NewsController.php
− ...
− public function store(IlluminateHttpRequest
$request)
− {
● $news = new News;
● $news->title = $request->input('title');
● $news->description = $request-
>input('description');
● $news->save();
● return redirect('news');
− }

Resource controllers
● Resource controller binding
// app/Http/routes.php
Route::resource('news', 'NewsController')
● The methods of Laravel’s resource controllers

Form method spoofing & CSRF
● Form method spoofing
<form action="/tasks/5" method="POST">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT/DELETE">
</form>
● CSRF protection
<form action="/tasks/5" method="POST">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE/PUT">
<input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}">
</form>
● Handle csrf with ajax/jquery
● Storing the CSRF token in a meta tag
<meta name="csrf-token" content="{{ csrf_token() }}">
● Globally binding a jQuery header for CSRF
$.ajaxSetup({
● headers: {
● 'X-CSRF-TOKEN': $('meta[name="csrf-token"]').attr('content')
● }
});

Redirects
● Three ways to return a redirect
Route::get('redirect-with-facade', function () {
return Redirect::to('auth/login');
});
Route::get('redirect-with-helper', function () {
return redirect()->to('auth/login');
});
Route::get('redirect-with-helper-shortcut', function () {
return redirect('auth/login');
});

Blade Templating
● PHP Code in html :
<?php if (empty($users)): ?>
No users.
<?php else: ?>
<?php foreach ($users as $user): ?>
<?= $user->first_name ?> <?= $user->last_name ?><br>
<?php endforeach; ?>
<?php endif; ?>
● {{-- Blade --}}
@forelse ($users as $user)
{{ $user->first_name }} {{ $user->last_name }}<br>
@empty
No users.
@endforelse

Control structures in Blade
● Conditionals
○ @if
Blade’s @if ($condition) compiles to <?php if ($condition): ?>. @else, @elseif,
and @endif also compile to the exact same syntax in PHP.
○ Example :
@if (count($talks) === 1)
There is one talk at this time period.
@elseif (count($talks) === 0)
There are no talks at this time period.
@else
There are {{ count($talks) }} talks at this time
period.
@endif
○ @unless and @endunless
@unless ($user->hasPaid())
You can complete your payment by switching to the payment tab.
@endunless

Control structures in Blade
● Loops
○ @for example:
@for ($i = 0; $i < $talk->slotsCount(); $i++)
The number is {{ $i }}
@endfor
○ @foreach example:
@foreach ($talks as $talk)
{{ $talk->title }} ({{ $talk->length }} minutes) @endforeach
○ @while example:
@while ($item = array_pop($items)) {{
$item->orSomething() }}<br>
@endwhile
○ @forelse example
@forelse ($talks as $talk)
{{ $talk->title }} ({{ $talk->length }} minutes)
@empty No talks this day
@endforelse
○ Or
{{ $name or ‘Defaut’ }}

Template inheritance in Blade
● Defining sections with @section/@show and @yield
<!-- resources/views/layouts/master.blade.php →
<html>
<head>
<title>My Site | @yield('title', 'Home
Page')</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
@yield('content')
</div>
@section('footerScripts')
<script src="app.js">
@show
</body>

Template inheritance in Blade
● Extending a Blade Layout
<!-- resources/views/dashboard.blade.php →
@extends('layouts.master')
@section('title', 'Dashboard')
@section('content')
Welcome to your application dashboard!
@endsection
@section('footerScripts')
@parent
<script src="dashboard.js">
@endsection

Database Migrations
●Generating Migrations
○ For create new table in database following artisan command use :
■ php artisan make:migration create_users_table --create=users
○ For update table schema use following command :
■ php artisan make:migration add_votes_to_users_table --table=users
●Migration Structure
public function up()
{ // create table schema
Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments('id');
$table->string('name');
$table->string('city');
$table->timestamps();
});
}
public function down()
{ // drop table
Schema::drop('users');
}

Database Migrations
●Running Migrations
○ For run migrations use following artisan command:
php artisan migrate
■ Note : to run migrations in production mode use “--force” option
●Rolling Back Migrations
○ For rollback migration to last migration use following artisan command
■ php artisan migrate:rollback
○ For reset all migrations use following artisan command
■ php artisan migrate:reset

Database Seeders
●Writing Seeders
○ For generate seeder use following artisan command
■ php artisan make:seeder UsersTableSeeder
class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder
{
public function run()
{
DB::table('users')->insert([
'name' => str_random(10),
'email' => str_random(10).'@gmail.com',
'password' => bcrypt('secret'),
]);
}
}
●For run seeder use following command :
○ php artisan db:seed
○ php artisan db:seed --class=UsersTableSeeder

Eloquent ORM
● For model use as eloquent model should extends
IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel class
● For instantly create eloquent model use following Artisan
command :
○ php artisan make:model User
● If you would like to generate a database migration when you
generate the model, you may use the --migration or -m option:
○ php artisan make:model User --migration
○ php artisan make:model User -m

Eloquent ORM
● Above command create following skeleton model:
<?php
namespace App;
use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel;
class User extends Model
{
//
}

Eloquent ORM Properties
● Table Names :
○ By default eloquent use model name as table name e.g:
User model use “users” table.
○ We can specify custom table name by $table protected
property to model e.g. protected $table = 'my_users';
● Primary Keys :
○ Eloquent defaultly use ‘id’ column as primary key with
autoincrement value.
○ We specify custom primary key and set autoincrement
false and non-integer as following:
protected $primaryKey = ‘guid’;
public $incrementing = false;

Eloquent ORM Properties
● Timestamps :
○ By default, Eloquent expects created_at and updated_at
columns to exist on your tables. If you do not wish to have
these columns automatically managed by Eloquent, set the
$timestamps property on your model to false:
public $timestamps = false;
○ And we can specify custom date format for timestamp :
protected $dateFormat = 'U';
● Database Connection :
○ By default, all Eloquent models will use the default
database connection configured for your application. If you
would like to specify a different connection for the model,
use the $connection property:
protected $connection = 'connection-name';

THANK YOU
References
○ Laravel - Laravel - The PHP Framework
For Web Artisans.
○ Composer - Composer.

Laravel5 Introduction and essentials

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