LEADERSHIP 
A brief overview of definitions, 
theories, tasks and styles 
Prof. Dr. Ismet BARUTCUGIL 
İsmet Barutçugil
Leader - Leadership 
EVERYBODY IS TALKING ABOUT LEADERSHIP 
The word leader at Google brings appr. 
940.000.000 results* 
The word leadership at Google shows appr. 
491.000.000 results* 
İsmet Barutcugil 
*Nov. 2014
Leader - Leadership 
On Amazon.com there are over 480.000 
books whose topics are related with 
leaders & leadership 
In Wikipedia, 9 theories of 
leadership and 11 different 
types of leaders are named. 
İsmet Barutcugil
RReeaalliittiieess ooff tthhee 2211sstt CCeennttuurryy 
The need for leaders is increased. 
Leadership is crucial for future success of 
teams & organizations 
The numbers and qualities of the leaders 
developed do not 
meet the needs of 
today & near future 
İsmet Barutcugil
Leader - Leadership 
Leader is the person who has 
power to influence others’ 
thoughts and behaviors. 
Leadership is the capacity to influence 
human behavior in order to attain a 
specified mission 
İsmet Barutcugil
Leader - Leadership 
Leadership is not a title or position. 
Leadership is about attitude and behaviour 
Leaders serve the teams to succeed. 
Leaders are responsible for results 
İsmet Barutcugil
OOlldd ppaarraaddiiggmm: 
Leaders are the very few charismatic 
individuals equipped with superior 
competencies by birth. 
7 
LLeeaaddeerrsshhiipp 
İsmet Barutçugil
NNeeww ppaarraaddiiggmm: Each and every individual 
who knows & manages himself and 
understands & influence others has the 
capacity of leadership. 
8 
LLeeaaddeerrsshhiipp 
İsmet Barutcugil
Leadership Challenge 
“It is nonsense to 
assume that leadership 
is genetic. There is no 
hard evidence to 
support the assumption” 
Kouzes&Posner 
İsmet Barutcugil
Leadership Challenge 
The truth is that leadership is an observable 
set of skills and abilities. 
Any skill can be strengthened, honed and 
enhanced if we have the motivation and 
desire, the practice and feedback, the role 
models, coaching, support and recognition. 
Live, learn, lead 
İsmet Barutcugil
Leadership is about 
Relationship 
Building trust 
Inspiring and motivating 
Encouraging and enabling others 
İsmet Barutcugil 
LLeeaaddeerrsshhiipp
Leadership is about 
Challenging the status 
Inspiring the vision 
Building teams 
Managing the change 
Being a role model 
Developing new leaders 
İsmet Barutcugil 
LLeeaaddeerrsshhiipp
Leadership is an art based on certain inborn 
competencies and learnt & developed by 
professional experiences. 
Since leadership is an art, there exists no 
style, pattern, model or standard which can 
be defined as the best. 
İsmet Barutcugil 
LLeeaaddeerrsshhiipp
Leadership Theories 
Great Man 
Attributes 
İsmet Barutcugil 
Contingencies 
Attitude & 
Behaviours 
Followers 
Roles & Tasks
CCoommppoonneennttss ooff LLeeaaddeerrsshhiipp 
Contingencies 
Relations 
Skills = Experience Image 
Values 
Vision 
Knowledge 
Attitude  Courage 
 Honesty 
 Fairness 
 Enthusiasm 
 Commitment 
 Determination
Power Bases of Leadership 
Power of Authority (Position Power) 
Resources 
Authority / Status (legitimate power) 
Coercion 
Rewards 
Connections 
İsmet Barutcugil
Power Bases of Leadership 
Power of Influence (Personal Power) 
Personality 
Knowledge - Expertise 
Competencies – Skills 
Referent power 
Attitude 
İsmet Barutcugil
How to Lead Smart, 
Talented and 
Powerful People 
Jeswald W. Salacuse 
İsmet Barutcugil
Trust 
Creation 
İsmet Barutcugil
Task 1. Direction 
Question 
How do you negotiate a vision for 
the team that other leaders will 
buy into? 
İsmet Barutcugil
Task 1. Direction 
Do not impose a vision from the top 
Structure & conduct meetings with the team 
Negotiate the vision 
Allow for genuine participation for decisions 
Determine a vision based on acceptable 
principles and standards 
İsmet Barutcugil
Task 2. Integration 
How do you make 
stars a team? 
İsmet Barutcugil 
Question
Task 2. Integration 
Make the common interests of 
your team’s members apparent 
Understand the differences that divide your 
team’s members 
Seek to find ways to bridge the gaps 
Demonstrate that you put the interets of the 
team above all. 
İsmet Barutcugil
Task 3. Mediation 
How do you resolve conflicts over 
turf and power among other leaders 
so the team can 
move forward? 
İsmet Barutcugil 
Question
Task 3. Mediation 
Understand the underlying interests 
of team members 
Consider carefully the six mediation power 
tools of reward, coercion, expertise, 
legitimacy, reference and coalition 
Learn how to employ and apply these tools 
most effectively whenever needed. 
İsmet Barutcugil
Task 4. Education 
How do you educate 
people who think they 
are already educated? 
İsmet Barutcugil 
Question
Task 4. Education 
Do not teach, be the manager 
of the learning process 
Prefer one-on-one educating rather than in 
groups 
Actively involve the team members in the 
process and invite them to contribute 
İsmet Barutcugil
Task 5. Motivation 
How do you move other leaders 
who already seem “to have 
everything” to do the 
right thing for the team. 
İsmet Barutcugil 
Question
Task 5. Motivation 
Learn as much as you can 
about the team member’s interests 
Understand and develop particular 
incentives that accord with these interests 
Agree on future goals of both sides 
Agree on an action plan 
İsmet Barutcugil
Task 6. Representation 
How do you lead your 
organization’s outside 
constituents while still 
leading leaders inside? 
İsmet Barutcugil 
Representation 
Question
Task 6. Representation 
Remember that you are always on stage. 
Every act or statement that you make has 
the potential to affect the team’s relations 
with the outside world. 
Beware of confusing your self interest with 
team interests 
İsmet Barutcugil 
Representation
Task 7. Trust Creation 
How do you gain and keep other 
leaders’ trust, the vital capital that 
your own leadership depends on?. 
İsmet Barutcugil 
Trust 
Creation 
Question
Task 7. Trust Creation 
Be open and honest in communication 
Be consistent and predictable in action 
Balance result vs. people orientations 
Demonstrate that your leadership will 
advance their interests 
Avoid exaggerated leadership ego. 
İsmet Barutcugil 
Trust 
Creation
Autocratic 
Democratic 
İsmet Barutcugil 
Bureaucratic 
Charismatic 
Strategic 
Systematic
Leaders in Action 
Commanders 
Pace Setters 
Visionaries 
Team Builders 
Motivators 
Coaches 
İsmet Barutcugil
Leadership Practices 
There are different practices of leadership; 
because there are different situations, 
different needs and different cultures. 
An effective leader knows which style is the 
best to practice, where, when and how. 
Those who do not perform the right style 
loses their power of influence and their 
followers 
İsmet Barutçugil
Effective Styles of Leadership 
Democratic Leader 
& Coach 
(2) 
Pace Setter & 
Commander 
İsmet Barutcugil 
(1) 
Team Builder & 
Relations Developer 
(3) 
Inspirational & 
Visionary Leader 
(4) 
1 2 3 4 
Followers’ Maturity Level
SS,, 
CCOOMMMMEENNTT 
SSCCOONNTTRRIIBBUUTTIIOO 
NNSS 
AANNSSWWEERR 
SS!! 
İsmet Barutcugil
TTHHAANNKKSS 
ibarutcugil@rcbadoor.com 
twitter@IsmetSabit 
http://ismetbarutcugil.wordpress.com/ 
İsmet Barutçugil

Leadership

  • 1.
    LEADERSHIP A briefoverview of definitions, theories, tasks and styles Prof. Dr. Ismet BARUTCUGIL İsmet Barutçugil
  • 2.
    Leader - Leadership EVERYBODY IS TALKING ABOUT LEADERSHIP The word leader at Google brings appr. 940.000.000 results* The word leadership at Google shows appr. 491.000.000 results* İsmet Barutcugil *Nov. 2014
  • 3.
    Leader - Leadership On Amazon.com there are over 480.000 books whose topics are related with leaders & leadership In Wikipedia, 9 theories of leadership and 11 different types of leaders are named. İsmet Barutcugil
  • 4.
    RReeaalliittiieess ooff tthhee2211sstt CCeennttuurryy The need for leaders is increased. Leadership is crucial for future success of teams & organizations The numbers and qualities of the leaders developed do not meet the needs of today & near future İsmet Barutcugil
  • 5.
    Leader - Leadership Leader is the person who has power to influence others’ thoughts and behaviors. Leadership is the capacity to influence human behavior in order to attain a specified mission İsmet Barutcugil
  • 6.
    Leader - Leadership Leadership is not a title or position. Leadership is about attitude and behaviour Leaders serve the teams to succeed. Leaders are responsible for results İsmet Barutcugil
  • 7.
    OOlldd ppaarraaddiiggmm: Leadersare the very few charismatic individuals equipped with superior competencies by birth. 7 LLeeaaddeerrsshhiipp İsmet Barutçugil
  • 8.
    NNeeww ppaarraaddiiggmm: Eachand every individual who knows & manages himself and understands & influence others has the capacity of leadership. 8 LLeeaaddeerrsshhiipp İsmet Barutcugil
  • 9.
    Leadership Challenge “Itis nonsense to assume that leadership is genetic. There is no hard evidence to support the assumption” Kouzes&Posner İsmet Barutcugil
  • 10.
    Leadership Challenge Thetruth is that leadership is an observable set of skills and abilities. Any skill can be strengthened, honed and enhanced if we have the motivation and desire, the practice and feedback, the role models, coaching, support and recognition. Live, learn, lead İsmet Barutcugil
  • 11.
    Leadership is about Relationship Building trust Inspiring and motivating Encouraging and enabling others İsmet Barutcugil LLeeaaddeerrsshhiipp
  • 12.
    Leadership is about Challenging the status Inspiring the vision Building teams Managing the change Being a role model Developing new leaders İsmet Barutcugil LLeeaaddeerrsshhiipp
  • 13.
    Leadership is anart based on certain inborn competencies and learnt & developed by professional experiences. Since leadership is an art, there exists no style, pattern, model or standard which can be defined as the best. İsmet Barutcugil LLeeaaddeerrsshhiipp
  • 14.
    Leadership Theories GreatMan Attributes İsmet Barutcugil Contingencies Attitude & Behaviours Followers Roles & Tasks
  • 15.
    CCoommppoonneennttss ooff LLeeaaddeerrsshhiipp Contingencies Relations Skills = Experience Image Values Vision Knowledge Attitude  Courage  Honesty  Fairness  Enthusiasm  Commitment  Determination
  • 16.
    Power Bases ofLeadership Power of Authority (Position Power) Resources Authority / Status (legitimate power) Coercion Rewards Connections İsmet Barutcugil
  • 17.
    Power Bases ofLeadership Power of Influence (Personal Power) Personality Knowledge - Expertise Competencies – Skills Referent power Attitude İsmet Barutcugil
  • 18.
    How to LeadSmart, Talented and Powerful People Jeswald W. Salacuse İsmet Barutcugil
  • 19.
  • 20.
    Task 1. Direction Question How do you negotiate a vision for the team that other leaders will buy into? İsmet Barutcugil
  • 21.
    Task 1. Direction Do not impose a vision from the top Structure & conduct meetings with the team Negotiate the vision Allow for genuine participation for decisions Determine a vision based on acceptable principles and standards İsmet Barutcugil
  • 22.
    Task 2. Integration How do you make stars a team? İsmet Barutcugil Question
  • 23.
    Task 2. Integration Make the common interests of your team’s members apparent Understand the differences that divide your team’s members Seek to find ways to bridge the gaps Demonstrate that you put the interets of the team above all. İsmet Barutcugil
  • 24.
    Task 3. Mediation How do you resolve conflicts over turf and power among other leaders so the team can move forward? İsmet Barutcugil Question
  • 25.
    Task 3. Mediation Understand the underlying interests of team members Consider carefully the six mediation power tools of reward, coercion, expertise, legitimacy, reference and coalition Learn how to employ and apply these tools most effectively whenever needed. İsmet Barutcugil
  • 26.
    Task 4. Education How do you educate people who think they are already educated? İsmet Barutcugil Question
  • 27.
    Task 4. Education Do not teach, be the manager of the learning process Prefer one-on-one educating rather than in groups Actively involve the team members in the process and invite them to contribute İsmet Barutcugil
  • 28.
    Task 5. Motivation How do you move other leaders who already seem “to have everything” to do the right thing for the team. İsmet Barutcugil Question
  • 29.
    Task 5. Motivation Learn as much as you can about the team member’s interests Understand and develop particular incentives that accord with these interests Agree on future goals of both sides Agree on an action plan İsmet Barutcugil
  • 30.
    Task 6. Representation How do you lead your organization’s outside constituents while still leading leaders inside? İsmet Barutcugil Representation Question
  • 31.
    Task 6. Representation Remember that you are always on stage. Every act or statement that you make has the potential to affect the team’s relations with the outside world. Beware of confusing your self interest with team interests İsmet Barutcugil Representation
  • 32.
    Task 7. TrustCreation How do you gain and keep other leaders’ trust, the vital capital that your own leadership depends on?. İsmet Barutcugil Trust Creation Question
  • 33.
    Task 7. TrustCreation Be open and honest in communication Be consistent and predictable in action Balance result vs. people orientations Demonstrate that your leadership will advance their interests Avoid exaggerated leadership ego. İsmet Barutcugil Trust Creation
  • 34.
    Autocratic Democratic İsmetBarutcugil Bureaucratic Charismatic Strategic Systematic
  • 35.
    Leaders in Action Commanders Pace Setters Visionaries Team Builders Motivators Coaches İsmet Barutcugil
  • 36.
    Leadership Practices Thereare different practices of leadership; because there are different situations, different needs and different cultures. An effective leader knows which style is the best to practice, where, when and how. Those who do not perform the right style loses their power of influence and their followers İsmet Barutçugil
  • 37.
    Effective Styles ofLeadership Democratic Leader & Coach (2) Pace Setter & Commander İsmet Barutcugil (1) Team Builder & Relations Developer (3) Inspirational & Visionary Leader (4) 1 2 3 4 Followers’ Maturity Level
  • 38.
    SS,, CCOOMMMMEENNTT SSCCOONNTTRRIIBBUUTTIIOO NNSS AANNSSWWEERR SS!! İsmet Barutcugil
  • 39.
    TTHHAANNKKSS [email protected] twitter@IsmetSabit http://ismetbarutcugil.wordpress.com/ İsmet Barutçugil