Learning disabilities (Cognitive)

Learning disabilities (Cognitive)

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  Exceptionalities Cognitive: LearningDisabilities, Intellectual Disabilities and Gifted/ Talented
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  Course: Special Needs Group: 3D Lecturer: Miss Harris Group One members: Karen Powell- Llyod- SJ12 6788 Shanice Moodie- SJ12 6782 Monique Royal- SJ12 6790 Alesha Nelson- SJ12 6785 Nateenia Roye- SJ11 6662 Shakira Marshall- SJ12 6774
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  WHAT IS LEARNINGDISABILITIES? Learning disabilities (LDs) are limitations or group of disorders that affect the brain's ability to receive, process, store, respond to and communicate information. They are not the same as intellectual disabilities/ mental retardation, sensory impairments (vision or hearing) or autism spectrum disorders. (Inc, 2014)
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  LEARNING DISABILITIES (LD) Children with LD are of average or above-average intelligence but still struggle to acquire skills that impact their performance in school, at home, in the community and in the workplace. Learning disabilities are lifelong, and the sooner they are recognized and identified, the sooner steps can be taken to overcome the challenges they present.
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  Learning Disabilities Terminology Disability Area of difficulty Symptoms include trouble with Examples Dyslexia Processing language Reading Writing Spelling Confusing letter names and sounds, difficulties blending sounds into words, slow rate of reading, trouble remembering after reading text Dyscalculia Math skills Computation Remembering math facts Concepts of time and money Difficulty learning to count by 2s, 3s, 4s, poor mental math skills, problems with spatial directions Dysgraphia Written expression Handwriting Spelling Composition Illegible handwriting, difficulty organizing ideas for writing Dyspraxia Fine motor skills Coordination Manual dexterity Trouble with scissors, buttons, drawing
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  CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTSWITH LEARNING DISABILITIES The hallmark sign of a learning disability is a distinct and unexplained gap between a person's level of expected achievement and their performance. Learning disabilities affect every person differently and they present differently at various stages of development. LDs can range from mild to severe and it is not uncommon for people to have more than one learning disability.
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  CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTSWITH LEARNING DISABILITIES Some common signs of LDs are:  difficulties with concentration  memory problem  delayed speech  pronunciation problems  difficulty learning new words  difficulty learning to read  trouble learning numbers, the alphabet etc.  difficulty following directions
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  INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES Intellectualdisability (ID), which was once called mental retardation, is characterized by mental ability and a lack of skills necessary for day to day living. People with ID can, and may be able to learn new skills, but they learn them more slowly. However there are varying degrees of ID, from mild to profound.
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  TYPES OF INTELLECTUALDISABILITIES Intellectual functioning This is also know as IQ (Intelligence Quotient) that refers too a person’s ability to learn, reason, make decision and solve problems. Adaptive behaviours Skills necessary for day- to- day life, such as being able to communicate effectively, interact with others and take care of oneself. DeNoon, D. J. (2005-2014)
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  CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTSWITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES  Less-than-average I.Q.  Underdeveloped speech and language skills  Poor: memory, attention, perception, imagination, thinking, computing and concentration  Lag significantly in grade- level
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  GIFTED/ TALENTED Giftedand talented children are those students with outstanding abilities, identified at preschool, elementary and secondary levels. These students are capable of high performance when compared to others of similar age, experience and environment. (Dixon)
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  CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTSWHO ARE GIFTED/ TALENTED Students where are considered gifted or talented have:  An excellent memory  Able to comprehend subject matter at advance level  Rapid learning ability  Uses previously learned things in new contexts  Very responsible; can be counted on  Tends to question authority
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  ACCOMMODATIONS AND MODIFICATIONS OF LDS IN THE CLASSROOM Teachers can accommodate students with learning disabilities, intellectual disabilities and students who are gifted/ talented by:  Plan a special or an extra lesson plan for students with such disabilities.  Grouping students (student with different capability)  Appointing students with position or responsibilities to occupy their time (gifted students).  Ensuring that the classroom environment is conducive to the students’ learning and is child friendly. (Washington, 2012)
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  ACCOMMODATIONS AND MODIFICATIONS OF LDS IN THE CLASSROOM  Planning the lesson in a more accessible way to suite all students including those with such disabilities.  Using more than one way to demonstrate or explain information/ the lesson,  Keeping instructions brief and uncomplicated ( repeat them word for word).  Allow time for clarification or direction and essential information.  Break assignments into segments of shorter tasks. (Washington, 2012)
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  REFERENCES Inc, N.C. (2014). What are Learning Disabilities? Retrieved September 30, 2014, from National Center for Learning Disabilities: http://ncld.org/types-learning-disabilities/what -is-ld/what-are-learning-disabilities DeNoon, D. J. (2005-2014). Intellectual disability (Mental Retardation). Retrieved 30 September, 2014, from WebMB: http: //www.webmb.com/children/intellectual-disability-mental-retardation Washington,U.O. (2012). Achieving equal access through accommodations and universal design. Retrieved September 30, 2014,From Academic Accommodations for Students with Learning Disabilities: http//www.washington.edu/doit/Brochures/Academics/accomm_ld.html