Learning Objectives

Learning Objectives
Submitted by: Sualiha Lodhi
Roll No: 2k14/B.Ed/26
Assignment by: Sir Amjad

Today’s Learning Objectives
 As a result of today’s session, you will be able
to:
– Describe ways to use objectives to improve
learning
– Write measurable learning objectives
– Classify learning objectives
– Appreciate the importance of
communicating expectations to students

A Learning Framework
Curriculum
Pedagogy
Learning
Environment
Assessment
Learning

A Learning Design
(Wiggins & McTighe, 1998)
Stage Key Design
Questions
Design
Considerations
Design Criteria
Curriculum:
Identify desired
outcomes
What is worthy and
requiring of
understanding?
Alumni and industry
perspectives
Professional standards
Program strengths
Facultyexpertise
Enduring ideas
Discipline-based work
Uncoverage of
misconceptions
Will engage students
Attainable, measurable
Pedagogy:
Plan teaching and
learning
experiences
What learning
experiences and
teaching promote
understanding? Which
ones inspire?
Research-based
repertoire of learning
and teaching strategies
Leads to desired
outcomes
Engaging
Reflective
Self-adjusting
Feasible
Assessment:
Determine
acceptable
evidence
What is evidence of
understanding?
Categories of outcomes
Continuum of
assessment methods
Matchof outcomes and
methods
Of continuing interest
Important information
Critical to scope
Discipline-based work
Feasible

Related Terms
 Educational goals
 Educational aims
 Educational objectives
 Student learning outcomes
 Intended learning outcomes
 Learning targets
 Assessment targets

Why use learning objectives?
(Gronlund, 2000)
 To provide a focus for instruction
 To provide guidelines for learning
 To provide targets for assessment
 To communicate expectations to
learners
 To convey instructional intent to others
 To provide for evaluation of instruction

Effective statements of learning
objectives ...
 Focus on skills and abilities central to the
discipline and based on professional
standards
 Are general enough to capture important
learning, but clear and specific enough to be
measurable
 Focus on aspects of learning that will develop
and endure but that can be assessed in some
form now.

Effective statements of learning
objectives ...
 Are student-focused
 Focus on the learning resulting from an
activity, or course, or program
 Reflect the institution’s mission and the
values it represents
 Are in alignment at course, academic
program, and institutional levels
 Focus on important, non-trivial aspects of
learning that are credible to the public

Exercise:
 Use the 8 criteria on the
previous slides to
evaluate the learning
objectives for your
course.
 Give an example of an
objective that meets
most of the criteria.
 If you did not bring your
objectives, use the
samples that follow.
Evaluating
Learning
Objectives

Sample Learning Objectives
 Calculate lift and drag for blimps and airfoils.
 Use lift and drag calculations to evaluate
aerodynamic vehicle performance.
 Design an internal structural configuration for
simple trusses, beams, columns, and shafts in
order to meet specified leading and deformation
criteria.
 Explain at a level understandable by a non-
technical person how jet propulsion works.
 Create models of inviscid, steady fluid flow over
simple profiles and shapes.

Sample Learning Objectives (cont.)
 Explain the division of the resistance of a ship
into its components.
 Distinguish emissions from combustion
characteristics.
 Create interactive 3-D models of products and
environments using VRML.
 Analyze and evaluate different planning
techniques.
 Solve a system of linear equations using
Gaussian elimination.
 Solve a system of linear equations using matrix
inverse and matrix calculations.

 Draw conclusions about the solvability of a
system of linear equations using determinant and
rank of a matrix.
 Solve geometric problems concerning lines and
planes using vectors.
 Choose a basis for the plane or the space
suitable for a specific geometric problem.
 Judge if proposals to modification or proposals to
new uses are a) possible, b) suitable, and c)
outstanding.

 Conduct a heat balance over a conventional
steam power plant.
 Analyze the relationships among the properties,
structures, heat treatment, and load for metals.
 Be aware of typical properties and applications
for common kinds of alloys.
 Analyze the factors which cause metals to
disintegrate in humid environments.
 Use energy principles to determine the stress
and deformation states of structures comprised
of one-dimensional elements (beams, columns,
and rods).

Writing Learning Objectives
(Mager, 1975)
 The skill or behavior -- what the learner will
be able to know, do, have an opinion about, etc.
 The condition(s) -- the environment, tools,
situation in which the learner will perform
 The criteria -- the limits or range of an
acceptable response, i.e., how well does the learner
have to perform?

Exercise:
 Examine the learning
objectives for your
course.
 Give an example of the
– Skill or behavior
– Condition(s)
– Criteria
 Identify the parts of an
objective in the sample
learning objective
distributed to you.
Writing
Learning
Objectives

Classifying Learning Objectives
with Bloom’s Taxonomy
 Cognitive domain
(Bloom, Englehart, Furst, Hill, & Krathwohl, 1956)
 Affective domain
(Krathwohl, Bloom, & Masia, 1964)
 Psychomotor domain
(Simpson, 1972)

Taxonomy of Educational
Objectives: Cognitive Domain
 Knowledge
 Comprehension
 Application
 Analysis
 Synthesis
 Evaluation
 Faktakunskaper
 Förståelse
 Tillämpning
 Analys
 Syntes
 Värdering

Sample Objectives in the Six
Levels of the Cognitive Domain
 K: Identify and define a system, its behavior, and its
elements. (CDIO 2.3.1)
 C: Explain the links between engineering theory and
practice. (CDIO 2.5.4)
 A: Use prototypes and test articles in design
development. (CDIO 4.4.1)
 A: Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the
design team. (CDIO 3.1.1)
 S: Formulate solutions to problems using creativity
and good decision making skills. (CDIO 3.1.2)
 E: Appraise operational systems and recommend
improvements. (CDIO 4.6.4)

Objectives: Affective Domain
 Receiving
 Responding
 Valuing
 Organization
 Characterization by a Value System

Sample Objectives in the
Affective Domain
 Recognize the ethical issues involved in using
people in scientific experiments. (CDIO 2.2.3)
 Demonstrate the courage to act on principle
despite adversity. (CDIO 2.5.1)
 Value the importance of hard work, intensity, and
attention to detail. (CDIO 2.4.2)
 Commit to a personal program of lifelong learning
and professional development. (CDIO 2.4.6)

Objectives: Psychomotor Domain
 Perception
 Set
 Guided Response
 Mechanism
 Complex Overt Response
 Adaptation
 Origination

Use learning objectives to ...
 Communicate expectations to students at the
start of a course or program (syllabus)
 Decide the best ways to teach the subject
matter (teaching)
 Decide the best ways for students to acquire
the intended knowledge, skills, and attitudes
(learning)
 Plan ways for students to demonstrate their
knowledge, skills, and attitudes (assessment)

Learning Objectives

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