Lec. 1 rkp pidm_category of pests

Lec. 1 rkp pidm_category of pests

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  R.K. Panse Asstt. Prof.(Entomology) JNKVV-College of Agriculture, Balaghat Lecture 1 Categories of Insect Pests Subject: Principles of Integrated pest and Disease Management
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  The word PESTderived from French PESTE & Latin PESTIS meaning PLAGUE or CONTIGIOUS DISEASE According to FAO (1996) Any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent injurious to plants, plant products, man and his interests Birds Rats Mites Insect pests PEST- Meaning & Definition
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  Importance  Serious impacton economic output of farm either directly orindirectly  Contaminate food grains Losses caused by different pests in India (Dhaliwal et.al,2015: Indian Journal of Entomology,77(2) :165-168) Due to spoilage by pests 15.7 % food grain loss Rs. 2,37,600 crore loss
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  I. BASED ONOCCURRENCE Aphids on cotton 1. REGULAR PEST : The pest which occurs more frequently or regularly on a crop & have a close association with a particular crop  Thrips on chilli  Aphids on cotton Thrips on chilli Types / kinds / categories of pests
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  2. OCCASIONAL PEST: The pest which occurs infrequently or occasionally on a particular crop & do not have any close association with a particular crop  Caseworm on rice  Stem borer on mango  Slug caterpillar on mango Caseworm on rice Stem borer onmango Contd….. Types / kinds / categories of pests I. BASED ON OCCURRENCE
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  3. SEASONAL PEST: The pest which occurs on a crop at a particular season of the year  RHHC on groundnut occurs in kharif season Contd….. Types / kinds / categories of pests I. BASED ON OCCURRENCE
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  Mealy bugs onmango Scales on mango Mealy bugs on grapes Contd….. Types / kinds / categories of pests I. BASED ON OCCURRENCE 4. PERSISTANT PEST : The pest which occurs on a crop almost throughout the year Mealy bug & scales on mango & grapes Thrips on chilli & cardamom
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  I. BASED ONOCCURRENCE 5. SPORADIC PEST : The pest which occurs on a crop in few isolated localities or patches  Gall midge & ear head bug on rice  Slug caterpillar on mango & castor Gall midge Ear head bug Slug caterpillar Contd….. Types / kinds / categories of pests
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  6. CYCLIC PEST: The pest which occurs on a crop once in 8 or 10 years e.g. Deccan wingless grasshopper Contd….. Types / kinds / categories of pests I. BASED ON OCCURRENCE
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  e.g. Whitefly oncotton 2. ENDEMIC PEST Pest which occurs on a crop in a regular feature in a confined area or locality e.g. Gall fly in paddy in coastal region II. BASED ON LEVEL OF INFESTATION 1. EPIDEMIC PEST Pest which occurs on a crop suddenly in a severe form in a locality at a particular season or time Whitefly Gall fly Contd….. Types / kinds / categories of pests
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  III. BASED ONPOPULATION & DAMAGING CAPACITY 1. KEY PEST : GEP is always lies well above the EIL. Human intervention in the form of control measures may bring the population temporarily below the EIL but it rises back rapidly, so repeated human interventions (Sprays) may be required to minimize the damage DBM Pest Population Time ETL Contd….. Types / kinds / categories of pests
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  the population crossesEIL quite frequently & repeated control measures necessary, but economic damage can be avoided by timely interventions Leaf hopers & whitefly in cotton BPH, GLH & YSB in rice Rice stem borer BPH, III. BASED ON POPULATION & DAMAGING CAPACITY 2. MAJOR PEST : GEP is close to the EIL & in some cases both may be at the same level. So, Pest Population Time EIL ETL DB Contd….. Types / kinds / categories of pests
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  interval. A single usuallyenough to cross EIL for a short application of insecticides prevent economic damage Cotton stainers III. BASED ON POPULATION & DAMAGING CAPACITY 3. MINOR PEST : GEP lies well below EIL or even below DB. So, only under favourable environmental conditions, the population may Spodoptera litura Pest Population Time ETL Contd….. Types / kinds / categories of pests
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  but in certainyears under favourable environmental conditions, it appears in a virtually epidemic form crossing many times over DB & EIL. So, suitable management strategies essential to bring down the population III. BASED ON POPULATION & DAMAGING CAPACITY 4. SPORADIC PEST: The population usuallynegligible, GH on cotton & others Leaf hopper on sugarcane Pest Population Time EIL ETL DB Contd….. Types / kinds / categories of pests
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  pattern or repeatedinterventions against other pests may push their GEP higher Mealy bugs on Bt cotton Army worm on wheat III. BASED ON POPULATION & DAMAGING CAPACITY 5. POTENTIAL PEST: GEP always lies below DB & does not crossEIL even under favourable conditions. But, there is a threat that changes in the cropping TIME NO. OF INSECTS / INJURY EQUIVALENTS ECONOMIC LOSS EIL ETL DB GEP a NO ECONOMIC b LOSS NO LOSS Contd….. Types / kinds / categories of pests