[OOP - Lec 01] Introduction to OOP

Introduction
Muhammad Hammad Waseem
m.hammad.wasim@gmail.com

Course Objective
• The course aims to focus on object-oriented concepts, analysis and
software development.
• This course provides in-depth coverage of object-oriented
programming principles and techniques using C++, Understanding
and fundamentals (principles) of object oriented programming:
encapsulation, polymorphism, and inheritance.
• Strong skills in Object Oriented programming will help students to
boost their skills towards software development

Course Outline (1/2)
• Introduction to Object Oriented Programming, History, Why Object
Oriented Programming, Programming Paradigms.
• Basic Building Blocks of Object Oriented Programming (classes and
objects), Data Members, Member Functions, Accessing class
members, Classes and structures.
• OOP Key Features (Data Encapsulation and Data Hiding (in detail),
overview of Inheritance and , Polymorphism).
• Access Specifiers,
• Constructors, (Characteristics, Usage, Syntax), Types of Constructors,
Destructors, Member Functions definition outside the class construct,

Course Outline (2/2)
• Scope resolution operator, Returning values and objects from member
functions, Passing objects as arguments,
• Static class data (characteristics, usage, syntax),Static Member functions,
• Const Members,
• Function and Operator Overloading,
• Interfaces, Classes and interfaces,
• Virtual functions, Inheritance (Characteristics, Usage, Base classes, Derived
classes), Types of Inheritance,
• Polymorphism, I/O and file processing,
• Exception handling, STL.

Course Material
• Main Material Will be Available through Slides and Notes
• Reference Books:
• Object Oriented Programming in C++, Fourth Edition By RoberLafore,
• C How to Program, Sixth Edition Dietal & Dietal
• Recommended for Practice and Understanding
• Object Oriented Programming in C++, IT Series

Background knowledge
• It is expected that you have experience of writing and understanding
programs with C.
• It is also expected that students will have the knowledge of
• Functions,
• Structures and
• Pointers.

How to get the goals
• Read and Remember
• Read the books, remember the language
• Think
• Think in objects, think in classes
• Practice
• Do as many coding as possible and make them running
• Ask
• Questions

Programming
• Programming is like writing, If you can write a demonstration, you can
make a program.
• But, actually, programming is not so easy, because a real good
program is not easily programmed.
• It needs the programmers’ lots of wisdom, lots of knowledge about
programming and lots of experience.
• It is like writing, to be a good writer needs lots of experience and lots
of knowledge about the world.
• Learning and practice are necessary.

Computer Programming
• Computer Programming is the process of planning a sequence of
steps (called instructions) for a computer to follow.
• Programming is a process of problem solving.
• Programming life cycle consist of three main phases.
• Analyze the problem
• Implement the algorithm
• Maintenance

• Problem-Solving Phase
• Analysis and Specification: Understand (define) the problem and what the solution must
do.
• Understand problem requirements
• Does program require user interaction?
• Does program manipulate data?
• What is the output?
• If the problem is complex, divide it into sub problems
• Analyze each sub problem as above
• General Solution (Algorithm): Specify the required data types and the logical sequences
of steps that solve the problem.
• Verify: Follow the steps exactly to see if the solution really does solve the problem.

• Implementation Phase
• Concrete Solution (Program): Translate the algorithm (the general solution) into a
programming language.
• Test: Have the computer follow the instructions. Then manually check the results. If you
find errors, analyze the program and the algorithm to determine the source of the errors,
and then make corrections.
• Maintenance Phase
• Modify the program to meet changing requirements or to correct any errors that show
up while using it.

Object Oriented Programming (OOP)
• OOP is a technique in which programs are written on the basis of objects.
• An object is collection of data and functions.
• The fundamental idea behind object oriented programming is to combine
both data and functions into a single unit. Such a unit is called object.
• Object is derived from abstract data type.
• Objects of a program interact by sending messages to each other.
• Object-oriented programming has a web of interacting objects, each
house-keeping its own state.
• OOP is based on real world modeling.

[OOP - Lec 01] Introduction to OOP

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[OOP - Lec 01] Introduction to OOP