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Lecture 2 EBP324 Plastics Recycling 2016.ppt
- 1. EBP 324/3 POLYMER DEGRADATIONAND ENVIRONMENT 2.0. Plastics Recycling Dr. Raa Khimi
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- 4. Definition of Recycle TheFTC’s Green Guide states that the claim of a recyclable product is valid as long as “it can be collected, separated, or otherwise recovered from the waste stream … for reuse or use in manufacturing or assembling another item or producing new types of materials.”
- 5. Recycling Facts Malaysia householdsproduced 25 million tonnes of waste in 2007/08, of which 17% was collected for recycling. This figure is still quite low compared to some of our neighbouring countries, some recycling over 50% fo their waste. There is still a great deal of waste which could be recycled that ends up in landfill sites which is harmful to the environment.
- 6. Recycling Facts Recycling isan excellent way of saving energy and conserving the environment. Did you know that: • Plastics to break down in landfill requires 100 to 400 years. • Producing new plastic from recycled material uses only 2/3 of the energy required to manufacture it from raw materials. • Only 1 is needed to carry the same number of plastic grocery bags for every 7 trucks needed to deliver paper grocery bags to the store. • Recycling 1 ton of plastic can save 1-2 thousand gallons of gas.
- 7. How to reduceplastic waste? •Reduce •Reuse •Recycle https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6BkcviD65Bo
- 8. REDUCE Reducing waste ismost environmentally-friendly options compared with reuse and recycling. It requires no energy, uses no resources, creates no waste and even saves money Using recycled products are always better for the environment. But this still requires time, more resources, transportation and money to transform recycled waste to something useable again. Why not close the loop and reduce your waste altogether?
- 9. REDUCE Buy productsthat are refillable. For example, the Body Shop provides refills in its containers or takes them back for recycling. The recycled plastic is used to make items like nailbrushes and combs. Think of ways of reducing the need for packaging. Don't add extra packaging yourself - a melon, a grapefruit or a bunch of bananas already has natural packaging - does it need to go in a plastic bag as well as your shopping bag
- 10. REUSE • After reducingwaste and buying only things you need, reuse is the next step. Although many will view recycling on par with reuse there is no energy involved with reuse apart from finding out who could make good use of it • The problem of waste is made worse by the advent of cheaper products on the market and it is often easier to buy something new than getting it repaired
- 11. REUSE Rather than throwingthem away, give plastic toys or containers to children's scrap stores or playgroups for reuse Use plastic containers and bags again or make them into something else. For example use yoghurt pots to grow seedlings, use the top part of drinks bottles as cloches for plants and offer clean plastic carrier bags to charity shops (in Malaysia ??)
- 12. RECYCLE • Recycling isthe final part to the waste hierarchy. After reducing and reusing, recycling is the next step to help the environment. Recycling conserves resources, provides thousands of jobs and allows recyclable material to be used hundreds of times, also saving energy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2Ffs5gMk4g
- 13. Other methods toreduce plastic waste? • DISPOSE IN LANDFILL • BURN IN INCINERATOR • PYROLYSIS • BAN THE USE OF PLASTIC !!!!
- 14. Advantages 1. Protects Environment:The foremost benefit or recycling is that it helps in protecting theenvironment in the most balanced manner. While many trees are cut down continually, recycled paper made from certain trees is re-used repeatedly to minimize felling/ deforestation. With re-cycled paper as an outstanding example, a number of other natural resources can be reused this way. 2. Reduces Energy Consumption: A large amount of energy is consumed by processing raw materials at the time of manufacture. Recycling helps to minimize energy consumption, which is crucial for massive production, such mining or refining. This also makes the production process very cost-effective and beneficial for manufacturers. 3. Reduces Pollution: Industrial waste today is the main source of all types of pollution. Recycling of industrial products such as cans, chemical, plastics helps to cut down pollution levels considerably, as these materials are re-used, instead of throwing them away irresponsibly.
- 15. Advantages 4: Reduces GlobalWarming: Recycling helps to alleviate global warming and its ill effects. Massive waste is burned in heaps which produces large amount of greenhouse gas emissions such as CO2 and CFC’s. Recycling ensure that the burning process is minimized and any waste is re-generated as a useful product with no or minimal harmful impact on the environment. Recycling produces less greenhouse gases as industries burn fewer fossil fuels for eco-friendly products. 5. Judicious and Sustainable use of Resources: Recycling promotes judicial and sustainable use of resources. This process ensures that there is no discriminate use of any material when available in plenty in the present. Recycling is encouraged at all levels, starting from school to corporate offices and at international levels. This means we can preserve all precious resources for our future generation, without any compromise in the present.
- 16. Advantages 6. Conserves NaturalResources: If old and used materials are not recycled, the new products are made from extracting fresh raw materials from beneath the earth through mining and extraction. Recycling helps in conserving important raw materials and protects natural habitats for the future. Conserving natural resources such as wood, water and minerals ensures its optimum use. 7. Reduces Amount of Waste to Landfills: Recycling old and waste products into new products reduces the amount of waste that go to landfills. This helps in reducing water andland pollution as landfills are a major source in contributing to destruction of natural environment. Recycling programs keep 70 tons of waste from being deposited into landfills every year. 8. Create Green Jobs: Recycling is good for the environment and apart from that it also creates green jobs. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, green goods and services accounted for 3.1 million jobs in the United States by 2010. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ip0SwizjKqk
- 17. Dis advantages 1. Notalways Cost Effective: Recycling is not always cost-effective. Sometimes, there may be a need to establish separate factories to process reusable products. This may create more pollution as they would go under the process of cleaning, storage and transportation. 2. Recycled Products May not Last for Long: Recycled products are always not of durable quality. Such items are mostly made of trashed waste, picked up from heaps other waste products which are of fragile or overly used. For this reason, recycled products are cheap and last for a shorter period. 3. Unsafe and Unhygienic Recycling Sites: Recycling sites are often unsafe and unhygienic. Places where all sorts of waste is dumped are conducive for debris formation and spread of disease and other dangers caused by harmful chemicals and waste. This not only causes widespread pollution but is harmful for dedicated people who recycle such products. Such waste if mixed with water, leads to leach ate formation and leads to toxification of water bodies including drinking water.
- 18. Dis advantages 4. Notwidespread on Large Scale: Although recycling is an important step to minimizepollution, unfortunately this process is just a small part of long-term success. Recycling often occurs at a small scale- homes or schools and has failed to be useful at a large level such as at industries or holistically at a global stage. Saving paper at schools cannot be compared to oil spills or massive tree felling at at industrial level. 5. High Initial Cost: Setting up new recycling unit involves high cost. This huge cost can come up as a part of acquiring different utility vehicles, upgrading the processing facility, educating residents by organizing seminars and other programs, disposing of existing waste and chemicals etc.
- 19. Categories of plasticrecycling FOR APPLICATION THAT WILL NOT INVOLVE VIRGIN PLASTIC OR REPLACE SOME VIRGIN PLASTIC TO REPLACE VIRGIN PLASTIC. THEIR PROPERTIES MUST BE THE SAME OR NEARLY THE SAME AS VIRGIN PLASTIC BUT AT LOWER COST – DIFFICULT BUT NOT IMPOSSIBLE
- 20. Characteristics of recycled plastics –INDIVIDUAL PLASTIC NEED TO BE SORTED AND SEPARATED ACCORDING TO TYPES e.g. PS, PVC, PET (BY USING LABELLED CONTAINER, EDUCATE USERS OR SORT IN THE FACTORY – MUST BE DIRT AND CONTAMINATION FREE – MOLECULAR WEIGHT MUST BE THE SAME OR NEARLY THE SAME – AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT NEED TO BE CONTROLLED
- 21. Characteristics of recycled plastics –MUST BE FREE FROM PIGMENT OR COLOUR – IF ALL OF THE ABOVE CANNOT BE ACHIEVED, COST SHOULD BE LOW ENOUGH TO COMPETE WITH VIRGIN PLASTIC
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- 23. Recycling Process Five stepsthat are necessary in order for the recycling of Five steps that are necessary in order for the recycling of plastic to be a successful process: plastic to be a successful process: First step, the supply of used plastic has to be of a large quantity. This large quantity of plastic is collected at certain areas, which is the second step. Once the plastic is collected, the sorting and separating process begins; this is the third step in the process. The sorting and separating process depends upon the type of polymers that make up the plastic. Codes - to help the sorting and separating process. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TL_qH1ra7J0
- 24. Recycling Process • Thefourth step in plastic recycling is reprocessing. The reprocessing of polymers includes the melting process, the melting process can be accomplished if the polymers have not been widely cross-linked with any synthetics. If the cross-linking of polymers contain too many synthetics, the polymers will be difficult to stretch and less pliable. • The final step is the manufacturing of the melted plastic into new products. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x9rXCPlRF78
- 25. RECYCLING SYMBOLS/CODES 25 These symbols Thesesymbols do not do not necessarily mean that this necessarily mean that this plastic can be recycled. plastic can be recycled. https:// www.youtube.com/watch? v=3KFwuJb6474