REGIONALISM in INDIA
&
SEARCH FOR INDIAN-NESS

LECTURE 7

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[Online]

History of Architecture-II (AP-313)

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Nipesh P Indian-ness
Search for Narayanan
WHAT IS REGIONALISM?

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
ARCHITECTURE WITHOUT ARCHITECTS

• 1964
– Exhibition at MoMA (NY)

– Revival/ curiosity of vernacular
– Appreciation for understanding
the vernacular

Hyderabad, Pakistan

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[Online]

BERNARD RUDOFSKY

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
“Cultivated the theoretical grounds of Vernacular Architecture”

1977

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http://www.overlookpress.com/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/265x/5e06319eda06f020e43594a9c230972d/S/h/Sh
elterSignSymbolLrg_6.JPG [Online]

PAUL OLIVER SHELTER SIGN & SYMBOL

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
HASSAN FATHY VERNACULAR PRACTICE

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“Fathy devoted more than half a century of his professional life to
bringing back to the vernacular mode building tradition endangered by
extinction due to the massive post war building activity”

Mosque, Luxor, Egypt (1948)

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
HASSAN FATHY VERNACULAR PRACTICE

Craterre International Centre On Earthen Architecture (1984)

ADAUA Association pour le Développement d'une Architecture et d'un
Urbanisme Africains (1975)

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness

Image Source: craterre.org [Online]

Development Workshop (1973)
REGIONALISM – TOURISM & CULTURE
•

Modern Comfort
•

Traitional Craft

Modernism/Internationalism Vs Regionalism

“The polarity between internationalism which demands a global
relevance for its existence and regionalism which seeks meaning and
content under specific local conditions”

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
HOW TO DEFINE AN ARCHITECTURE FOR INDIA?

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
SYMBOLIC CLEANSING OF COLONIAL IDENTITY

Napoleon V to MKG

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Renaming Roads
Removal of Statues

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
SYMBOLIC CLEANSING OF COLONIAL IDENTITY

King George V

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Renaming Roads
Removal of Statues

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
REGIONALISM IN INDIA – HOW?
• Post-Independence India
– Nehruvian vision of a modern India

• Modernism in India
– Le Corbusier, Otto Königsberger etc.

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
REGIONALISM – IN INDIA
• Mahatma Gandhi
– Romance of the village
– “India lives in its villages”

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
REGIONALISM – IN INDIA
• Mahatma Gandhi
– Romance of the village
– “India lives in its villages”

• Revival of literature
– Sanskrit and the Vedas

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
REGIONALISM – IN INDIA
• Mahatma Gandhi
– Romance of the village
– “India lives in its villages”

• Revival of literature
– Sanskrit and the Vedas

• Nehruvian Nation building
– Glory to the past to revive the spirit

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
REGIONALISM – IN INDIA – Neo Traditionalism
• Study of Desert Cities
– Jaisalmer

• Study of Spatial Qualities of Vernacular Buildings
– Fatehpur Sikri

• Revival of Shilpaic Tradition
– Craftsman’s active participation with architect

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
REGIONALISM IN INDIA – LAURIE BAKER

Image Source: AUTHOR

• Understanding the local building techniques and reinventing
them

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
REGIONALISM IN INDIA – LAURIE BAKER

•
•
•
•
•

Use of refined brick masonry
On-site Laying of buildings
Extensive mason interaction
Low Cost
Innovation

“ Proposition of a Gandhian life-style”
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness

Image Source: AUTHOR

– Filler Slab
– Rat Trap Bond
Concrete & Abstract*

Image Source: AUTHOR

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REGIONALISM – IN INDIA

*REF: Suha Ózkan. Introduction: Regionalism within Modernism.

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
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Morphology

Jaisalmer
1982 Asian Games Village

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness

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REGIONALISM IN INDIA – RAJ REWAL
CONCRETE
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Terraces

Jaisalmer
1982 Asian Games Village

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness

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REGIONALISM IN INDIA – RAJ REWAL
CONCRETE
Street

Jaisalmer
1982 Asian Games Village

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness

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REGIONALISM IN INDIA – RAJ REWAL
CONCRETE
Image Source:
http://www.architecture.com/Images/RIBATrust/RIBALibrary/Collections/RecentAcquisitions/CharlesCorreaArchive/07Belapur-P-5-530x400pxV2.jpg [Online]

REGIONALISM IN INDIA – CHARLES CORREA

CONCRETE

Cluster

Artist Village, Belapur, Navi Mumbai (1983)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
CONCRETE

Cluster

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REGIONALISM IN INDIA – CHARLES CORREA

Artist Village, Belapur, Navi Mumbai (1983)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
REGIONALISM IN INDIA – CHARLES CORREA
CONCRETE

Image Source: AUTHOR

Cluster

Artist Village, Belapur, Navi Mumbai (1983)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
REGIONALISM IN INDIA – CHARLES CORREA

Space

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ABSTRACT

British Council, New Delhi (1987)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
REGIONALISM IN INDIA – CHARLES CORREA
ABSTRACT

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Space

British Council, New Delhi (1987)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
ABSTRACT

Space

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REGIONALISM IN INDIA – CHARLES CORREA

British Council, New Delhi (1987)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
ABSTRACT

Space

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REGIONALISM IN INDIA – CHARLES CORREA

British Council, New Delhi (1987)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
WHAT IS INDIAN ARCHITECTURE?

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
BUILDING A NEW INDIA

• 5 Year plans (Soviet Union’s centralized planning system)
– 1st – Agricultural Infrastructure
– 2nd – Industrial Development

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
BUILDING A NEW INDIA

• 5 Year plans (Soviet Union’s centralized planning system)
– 1st – Agricultural Infrastructure
– 2nd – Industrial Development

• Modernizing India
– Technical & Higher Education

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
BUILDING A NEW INDIA

• 5 Year plans (Soviet Union’s centralized planning system)
– 1st – Agricultural Infrastructure
– 2nd – Industrial Development

• Modernizing India
– Technical & Higher Education

“We were all impregnated with opportunities that lay ahead,
and with the idea that not only could you shape that form of
the physical environment, but also influence social life”
~ Joseph Stein

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
BUILDING A NEW INDIA

• Post-Partition Migration
– Housing and Infrastructural needs

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
BUILDING A NEW INDIA

• Post-Partition Migration
– Housing and Infrastructural needs

• Decentralized Industries
– Industrial Towns

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
BUILDING A NEW INDIA

• Post-Partition Migration
– Housing and Infrastructural needs

• Decentralized Industries
– Industrial Towns

• Higher Education Policies
– New Campuses

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
BUILDING A NEW INDIA

• Post-Partition Migration
– Housing and Infrastructural needs

• Decentralized Industries
– Industrial Towns

• Higher Education Policies
– New Campuses

• Extended Bureaucracy
– New Government offices
– Institutional Interventions
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
THE GANDHI NEHRU DEBATE

Urban Vs Rural

The village as
SELF-GOVERNING
NON-VIOLENT
CASTE-LESS

City as the epitome of
modernizing India

Essentially a self sustaining
entity

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
Vidhana Soudha, Karnataka (1956)
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SOCIALIST INDIA & PROVINCIAL ARCHITECTURE

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
Rabindra Bhawan, Habib Rehman (1961)

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SOCIALIST INDIA & PROVINCIAL ARCHITECTURE

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
BILATERAL TIES WHICH GOT IN ARCHITECTS

American point four agricultural program got Albert Mayer,
who helped do the first masterplan of Delhi.

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
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BILATERAL TIES WHICH GOT IN ARCHITECTS

RBI Calcutta, John A Ritchie (Australia)

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
TATA Centre, Calcutta, Holabird & Root (USA)

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[Online]

BILATERAL TIES WHICH GOT IN ARCHITECTS

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION

• 1913 – JJ School of Architecture
– Established in 1913, it was Asia's first architecture school

• 1941 - Department of Architecture of Delhi Polytechnic
– School of Planning and Architecture Delhi

• 1945 - AICTE
– All India Council for Technical Education, formed on RIBA
framework

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION

• 1949 – Bengal School
– 1952 Joseph Allen Stein (HOD)
• 1962 - CEPT
– Center for Environmental Planning and Technology – B V Doshi
& Bernard Kohn
– Christopher Alexander was a visiting faculty and work on
‘Pattern Language’ started by studying villages of India.

• 1972 – Piloo Mody & The Architects Act

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
WHAT IS THE ARCHITECTURE OF INDIA?

• Modernists’ Search for an Appropriate Architecture
– Chandigarh and Le Corbusier
– First generation post-Independence Indian Modernists

• Joseph Allen Stein and Delhi Experiments
– International yet Indian

• Architecture of the established firms/architects
• The Indian Mainstream
• Architecture of the informal
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
Image Source: AUTHOR

MODERNISTS’ SEARCH FOR AN APPROPRIATE ARCHITECTURE

Le Corbusier and the Chandigarh Experiment

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
Image Source: AUTHOR

MODERNISTS’ SEARCH FOR AN APPROPRIATE ARCHITECTURE

Le Corbusier and the Ahmadabad Association

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
Image Source: AUTHOR

MODERNISTS’ SEARCH FOR AN APPROPRIATE ARCHITECTURE

First generation post-independence modernists - Doshi

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
Image Source: AUTHOR

MODERNISTS’ SEARCH FOR AN APPROPRIATE ARCHITECTURE

First generation post-independence modernists - Doshi

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
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JOSEPH ALLEN STEIN AND DELHI EXPERIMENTS

Moved away from the Corbusian hangover, IIC (1962)

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
Image Source: AUTHOR

JOSEPH ALLEN STEIN AND DELHI EXPERIMENTS

Moved away from the Corbusian hangover, Ford Foundation Office (1968)

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
Image Source: AUTHOR

JOSEPH ALLEN STEIN AND DELHI EXPERIMENTS

Moved away from the Corbusian hangover, Ford Foundation Office (1968)

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
THE IGNCA INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION

• Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts
– 1986

• Symbol of Modern India
– Ambitions similar to that of Chandigarh
– 200 entries from 46 different countries

• Ralph Lerner won the competition
– Gautam Bhatia was placed 2nd

”From defining a new nation in 50s
to
finding the spirit of India in 80s”
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
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THE IGNCA INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
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THE IGNCA INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
REFERENCE

Suha Ózkan. Introduction: Regionalism within Modernism.
Jon Lang, Madhavi Desai, Miki Desai. 1997. Architecture and Independence.
s.l. : Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195639006.
Jon Lang. 2002. A Concise History of Modern Architecture in India. s.l. :
Permanent Black Publishers. ISBN 8178240173.

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness

Lecture 7 regionalism in india and search for indianness

  • 1.
    REGIONALISM in INDIA & SEARCHFOR INDIAN-NESS LECTURE 7 Image Source: http://movingcities.org/wordpress/wp-content/photos/hgh_caa12/120419-hgh-raj-rewal-150011_sv.jpg [Online] History of Architecture-II (AP-313) History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Nipesh P Indian-ness Search for Narayanan
  • 2.
    WHAT IS REGIONALISM? Historyof Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 3.
    ARCHITECTURE WITHOUT ARCHITECTS •1964 – Exhibition at MoMA (NY) – Revival/ curiosity of vernacular – Appreciation for understanding the vernacular Hyderabad, Pakistan Image Source: http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ88skCanoJZ-PduBFUJZ5LwPG_Dft0S9kJPwXuRj4lCbQQABWAPg [Online] BERNARD RUDOFSKY History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 4.
    “Cultivated the theoreticalgrounds of Vernacular Architecture” 1977 Image Source: http http://www.overlookpress.com/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/265x/5e06319eda06f020e43594a9c230972d/S/h/Sh elterSignSymbolLrg_6.JPG [Online] PAUL OLIVER SHELTER SIGN & SYMBOL History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 5.
    HASSAN FATHY VERNACULARPRACTICE Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gurna_Mosque_R01.jpg [Online] “Fathy devoted more than half a century of his professional life to bringing back to the vernacular mode building tradition endangered by extinction due to the massive post war building activity” Mosque, Luxor, Egypt (1948) History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 6.
    HASSAN FATHY VERNACULARPRACTICE Craterre International Centre On Earthen Architecture (1984) ADAUA Association pour le Développement d'une Architecture et d'un Urbanisme Africains (1975) History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness Image Source: craterre.org [Online] Development Workshop (1973)
  • 7.
    REGIONALISM – TOURISM& CULTURE • Modern Comfort • Traitional Craft Modernism/Internationalism Vs Regionalism “The polarity between internationalism which demands a global relevance for its existence and regionalism which seeks meaning and content under specific local conditions” History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 8.
    HOW TO DEFINEAN ARCHITECTURE FOR INDIA? History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 9.
    SYMBOLIC CLEANSING OFCOLONIAL IDENTITY Napoleon V to MKG Image Source: http://www.greatbuildings.com/gbc/images/cid_1157453941_SANGATH3.jpg [Online] Renaming Roads Removal of Statues History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 10.
    SYMBOLIC CLEANSING OFCOLONIAL IDENTITY King George V Image Source: http://www.greatbuildings.com/gbc/images/cid_1157453941_SANGATH3.jpg [Online] Renaming Roads Removal of Statues History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 11.
    REGIONALISM IN INDIA– HOW? • Post-Independence India – Nehruvian vision of a modern India • Modernism in India – Le Corbusier, Otto Königsberger etc. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 12.
    REGIONALISM – ININDIA • Mahatma Gandhi – Romance of the village – “India lives in its villages” History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 13.
    REGIONALISM – ININDIA • Mahatma Gandhi – Romance of the village – “India lives in its villages” • Revival of literature – Sanskrit and the Vedas History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 14.
    REGIONALISM – ININDIA • Mahatma Gandhi – Romance of the village – “India lives in its villages” • Revival of literature – Sanskrit and the Vedas • Nehruvian Nation building – Glory to the past to revive the spirit History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 15.
    REGIONALISM – ININDIA – Neo Traditionalism • Study of Desert Cities – Jaisalmer • Study of Spatial Qualities of Vernacular Buildings – Fatehpur Sikri • Revival of Shilpaic Tradition – Craftsman’s active participation with architect History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 16.
    REGIONALISM IN INDIA– LAURIE BAKER Image Source: AUTHOR • Understanding the local building techniques and reinventing them History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 17.
    REGIONALISM IN INDIA– LAURIE BAKER • • • • • Use of refined brick masonry On-site Laying of buildings Extensive mason interaction Low Cost Innovation “ Proposition of a Gandhian life-style” History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness Image Source: AUTHOR – Filler Slab – Rat Trap Bond
  • 18.
    Concrete & Abstract* ImageSource: AUTHOR Image Source: http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/03/b1/0d/29/ashok-hotel.jpg [Online] REGIONALISM – IN INDIA *REF: Suha Ózkan. Introduction: Regionalism within Modernism. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 19.
    Image Source: http://www.indianetzone.com/photos_gallery/37/jaisalmer-city_8991.jpg[Online] Morphology Jaisalmer 1982 Asian Games Village History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness Image Source: http://www.greatbuildings.com/gbc/images/PCD.2286.1012.0904.025.jpg[Online] REGIONALISM IN INDIA – RAJ REWAL CONCRETE
  • 20.
    Image Source: http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/01/10/71/40/our-breakfast-terrace.jpg[Online] Terraces Jaisalmer 1982 Asian Games Village History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness Image Source: http://www.greatbuildings.com/gbc/images/PCD.2286.1012.0904.029.jpg[Online] REGIONALISM IN INDIA – RAJ REWAL CONCRETE
  • 21.
    Street Jaisalmer 1982 Asian GamesVillage History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness Image Source: http://www.greatbuildings.com/gbc/images/PCD.2286.1012.0904.027.jpg[Online] Image Source: http://fr.petrophoto.net/photo/normal/2096-jaisalmer-street.jpg [Online] REGIONALISM IN INDIA – RAJ REWAL CONCRETE
  • 22.
    Image Source: http://www.architecture.com/Images/RIBATrust/RIBALibrary/Collections/RecentAcquisitions/CharlesCorreaArchive/07Belapur-P-5-530x400pxV2.jpg [Online] REGIONALISMIN INDIA – CHARLES CORREA CONCRETE Cluster Artist Village, Belapur, Navi Mumbai (1983) History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 23.
    CONCRETE Cluster Image Source: http://im.ft-static.com/content/images/421aed22-be91-11e2-bb35-00144feab7de.img[Online] REGIONALISM IN INDIA – CHARLES CORREA Artist Village, Belapur, Navi Mumbai (1983) History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 24.
    REGIONALISM IN INDIA– CHARLES CORREA CONCRETE Image Source: AUTHOR Cluster Artist Village, Belapur, Navi Mumbai (1983) History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 25.
    REGIONALISM IN INDIA– CHARLES CORREA Space Image Source: http://www.howard-hodgkin.com/photos/1992%20British%20Council_Delhi.jpg [Online] ABSTRACT British Council, New Delhi (1987) History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 26.
    REGIONALISM IN INDIA– CHARLES CORREA ABSTRACT Image Source: http://www.charlescorrea.net/ [Online] Space British Council, New Delhi (1987) History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 27.
    ABSTRACT Space Image Source: http://www.uncubemagazine.com/uncube/magazine/art-1370943787794-32113010-8593-48f8-a04f0d4dbd8c0c13/DATA/IMAGES/dwg_Page_03.jpg[Online] REGIONALISM IN INDIA – CHARLES CORREA British Council, New Delhi (1987) History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 28.
    ABSTRACT Space Image Source: http://im.ft-static.com/content/images/3ede2e80-be91-11e2-bb35-00144feab7de.img[Online] REGIONALISM IN INDIA – CHARLES CORREA British Council, New Delhi (1987) History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 29.
    WHAT IS INDIANARCHITECTURE? History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 30.
    BUILDING A NEWINDIA • 5 Year plans (Soviet Union’s centralized planning system) – 1st – Agricultural Infrastructure – 2nd – Industrial Development History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 31.
    BUILDING A NEWINDIA • 5 Year plans (Soviet Union’s centralized planning system) – 1st – Agricultural Infrastructure – 2nd – Industrial Development • Modernizing India – Technical & Higher Education History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 32.
    BUILDING A NEWINDIA • 5 Year plans (Soviet Union’s centralized planning system) – 1st – Agricultural Infrastructure – 2nd – Industrial Development • Modernizing India – Technical & Higher Education “We were all impregnated with opportunities that lay ahead, and with the idea that not only could you shape that form of the physical environment, but also influence social life” ~ Joseph Stein History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 33.
    BUILDING A NEWINDIA • Post-Partition Migration – Housing and Infrastructural needs History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 34.
    BUILDING A NEWINDIA • Post-Partition Migration – Housing and Infrastructural needs • Decentralized Industries – Industrial Towns History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 35.
    BUILDING A NEWINDIA • Post-Partition Migration – Housing and Infrastructural needs • Decentralized Industries – Industrial Towns • Higher Education Policies – New Campuses History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 36.
    BUILDING A NEWINDIA • Post-Partition Migration – Housing and Infrastructural needs • Decentralized Industries – Industrial Towns • Higher Education Policies – New Campuses • Extended Bureaucracy – New Government offices – Institutional Interventions History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 37.
    THE GANDHI NEHRUDEBATE Urban Vs Rural The village as SELF-GOVERNING NON-VIOLENT CASTE-LESS City as the epitome of modernizing India Essentially a self sustaining entity History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 38.
    Vidhana Soudha, Karnataka(1956) Image Source: http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/multimedia/multimedia0807/multimedia080700022/3276128-apanoramic-view-of-the-famous-vidhana-soudha--the-legislature-and-secretariat-building--architectur.jpg [Online] SOCIALIST INDIA & PROVINCIAL ARCHITECTURE History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 39.
    Rabindra Bhawan, HabibRehman (1961) Image Source: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_OXlGl_8FlY/TTMMmAxbWMI/AAAAAAAABdM/MANN5PY2Lr8/s1600/Rabindra%2BBhavan%2B1961%2Bview%2Bsmall.jpg [Online] SOCIALIST INDIA & PROVINCIAL ARCHITECTURE History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 40.
    BILATERAL TIES WHICHGOT IN ARCHITECTS American point four agricultural program got Albert Mayer, who helped do the first masterplan of Delhi. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 41.
    Image Source: http://farm1.static.flickr.com/129/400844969_55ff9e5031.jpg[Online] BILATERAL TIES WHICH GOT IN ARCHITECTS RBI Calcutta, John A Ritchie (Australia) History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 42.
    TATA Centre, Calcutta,Holabird & Root (USA) Image Source: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_mZh3jzfEWBg/R3ugyPFPjNI/AAAAAAAAARg/EQKKh00vvNE/s400/tata-center.jpg [Online] BILATERAL TIES WHICH GOT IN ARCHITECTS History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 43.
    ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION • 1913– JJ School of Architecture – Established in 1913, it was Asia's first architecture school • 1941 - Department of Architecture of Delhi Polytechnic – School of Planning and Architecture Delhi • 1945 - AICTE – All India Council for Technical Education, formed on RIBA framework History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 44.
    ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION • 1949– Bengal School – 1952 Joseph Allen Stein (HOD) • 1962 - CEPT – Center for Environmental Planning and Technology – B V Doshi & Bernard Kohn – Christopher Alexander was a visiting faculty and work on ‘Pattern Language’ started by studying villages of India. • 1972 – Piloo Mody & The Architects Act History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 45.
    WHAT IS THEARCHITECTURE OF INDIA? • Modernists’ Search for an Appropriate Architecture – Chandigarh and Le Corbusier – First generation post-Independence Indian Modernists • Joseph Allen Stein and Delhi Experiments – International yet Indian • Architecture of the established firms/architects • The Indian Mainstream • Architecture of the informal History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 46.
    Image Source: AUTHOR MODERNISTS’SEARCH FOR AN APPROPRIATE ARCHITECTURE Le Corbusier and the Chandigarh Experiment History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 47.
    Image Source: AUTHOR MODERNISTS’SEARCH FOR AN APPROPRIATE ARCHITECTURE Le Corbusier and the Ahmadabad Association History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 48.
    Image Source: AUTHOR MODERNISTS’SEARCH FOR AN APPROPRIATE ARCHITECTURE First generation post-independence modernists - Doshi History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 49.
    Image Source: AUTHOR MODERNISTS’SEARCH FOR AN APPROPRIATE ARCHITECTURE First generation post-independence modernists - Doshi History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 50.
    Image Source: http://www.etablecdn.com/photo_uploads/user/[email protected]/center.jpg[Online] JOSEPH ALLEN STEIN AND DELHI EXPERIMENTS Moved away from the Corbusian hangover, IIC (1962) History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 51.
    Image Source: AUTHOR JOSEPHALLEN STEIN AND DELHI EXPERIMENTS Moved away from the Corbusian hangover, Ford Foundation Office (1968) History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 52.
    Image Source: AUTHOR JOSEPHALLEN STEIN AND DELHI EXPERIMENTS Moved away from the Corbusian hangover, Ford Foundation Office (1968) History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 53.
    THE IGNCA INTERNATIONALCOMPETITION • Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts – 1986 • Symbol of Modern India – Ambitions similar to that of Chandigarh – 200 entries from 46 different countries • Ralph Lerner won the competition – Gautam Bhatia was placed 2nd ”From defining a new nation in 50s to finding the spirit of India in 80s” History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 54.
    Image Source: http://ignca.nic.in/images/ignca_new_building2.jpg[Online] THE IGNCA INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 55.
    Image Source: http://www.jasbirsawhney.com/images/ignca-pic7.jpg[Online] THE IGNCA INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
  • 56.
    REFERENCE Suha Ózkan. Introduction:Regionalism within Modernism. Jon Lang, Madhavi Desai, Miki Desai. 1997. Architecture and Independence. s.l. : Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195639006. Jon Lang. 2002. A Concise History of Modern Architecture in India. s.l. : Permanent Black Publishers. ISBN 8178240173. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness