Lecture 7 regionalism in india and search for indianness
The document discusses the history of regionalism and search for Indian identity in architecture. It covers key topics such as the emergence of regionalism in the mid-20th century focused on vernacular architecture. Important figures who promoted regionalism including Bernard Rudofsky, Paul Oliver and Hassan Fathy are highlighted. The document also examines how regionalism emerged in India through figures like Mahatma Gandhi and the need to define an architecture for post-independence India drawing from local culture and traditions. Key Indian architects discussed include Laurie Baker, Raj Rewal, Charles Correa and their approach towards regional modernism.
Lecture 7 regionalism in india and search for indianness
1.
REGIONALISM in INDIA
&
SEARCHFOR INDIAN-NESS
LECTURE 7
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[Online]
History of Architecture-II (AP-313)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Nipesh P Indian-ness
Search for Narayanan
ARCHITECTURE WITHOUT ARCHITECTS
•1964
– Exhibition at MoMA (NY)
– Revival/ curiosity of vernacular
– Appreciation for understanding
the vernacular
Hyderabad, Pakistan
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BERNARD RUDOFSKY
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
4.
“Cultivated the theoreticalgrounds of Vernacular Architecture”
1977
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elterSignSymbolLrg_6.JPG [Online]
PAUL OLIVER SHELTER SIGN & SYMBOL
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
5.
HASSAN FATHY VERNACULARPRACTICE
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“Fathy devoted more than half a century of his professional life to
bringing back to the vernacular mode building tradition endangered by
extinction due to the massive post war building activity”
Mosque, Luxor, Egypt (1948)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
6.
HASSAN FATHY VERNACULARPRACTICE
Craterre International Centre On Earthen Architecture (1984)
ADAUA Association pour le Développement d'une Architecture et d'un
Urbanisme Africains (1975)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
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Development Workshop (1973)
7.
REGIONALISM – TOURISM& CULTURE
•
Modern Comfort
•
Traitional Craft
Modernism/Internationalism Vs Regionalism
“The polarity between internationalism which demands a global
relevance for its existence and regionalism which seeks meaning and
content under specific local conditions”
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
8.
HOW TO DEFINEAN ARCHITECTURE FOR INDIA?
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
9.
SYMBOLIC CLEANSING OFCOLONIAL IDENTITY
Napoleon V to MKG
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Renaming Roads
Removal of Statues
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
10.
SYMBOLIC CLEANSING OFCOLONIAL IDENTITY
King George V
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Renaming Roads
Removal of Statues
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
11.
REGIONALISM IN INDIA– HOW?
• Post-Independence India
– Nehruvian vision of a modern India
• Modernism in India
– Le Corbusier, Otto Königsberger etc.
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
12.
REGIONALISM – ININDIA
• Mahatma Gandhi
– Romance of the village
– “India lives in its villages”
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
13.
REGIONALISM – ININDIA
• Mahatma Gandhi
– Romance of the village
– “India lives in its villages”
• Revival of literature
– Sanskrit and the Vedas
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
14.
REGIONALISM – ININDIA
• Mahatma Gandhi
– Romance of the village
– “India lives in its villages”
• Revival of literature
– Sanskrit and the Vedas
• Nehruvian Nation building
– Glory to the past to revive the spirit
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
15.
REGIONALISM – ININDIA – Neo Traditionalism
• Study of Desert Cities
– Jaisalmer
• Study of Spatial Qualities of Vernacular Buildings
– Fatehpur Sikri
• Revival of Shilpaic Tradition
– Craftsman’s active participation with architect
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
16.
REGIONALISM IN INDIA– LAURIE BAKER
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• Understanding the local building techniques and reinventing
them
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
17.
REGIONALISM IN INDIA– LAURIE BAKER
•
•
•
•
•
Use of refined brick masonry
On-site Laying of buildings
Extensive mason interaction
Low Cost
Innovation
“ Proposition of a Gandhian life-style”
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
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– Filler Slab
– Rat Trap Bond
18.
Concrete & Abstract*
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REGIONALISM – IN INDIA
*REF: Suha Ózkan. Introduction: Regionalism within Modernism.
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
Street
Jaisalmer
1982 Asian GamesVillage
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
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REGIONALISM IN INDIA – RAJ REWAL
CONCRETE
REGIONALISM IN INDIA– CHARLES CORREA
CONCRETE
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Cluster
Artist Village, Belapur, Navi Mumbai (1983)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
25.
REGIONALISM IN INDIA– CHARLES CORREA
Space
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ABSTRACT
British Council, New Delhi (1987)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
26.
REGIONALISM IN INDIA– CHARLES CORREA
ABSTRACT
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Space
British Council, New Delhi (1987)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
WHAT IS INDIANARCHITECTURE?
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
30.
BUILDING A NEWINDIA
• 5 Year plans (Soviet Union’s centralized planning system)
– 1st – Agricultural Infrastructure
– 2nd – Industrial Development
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
31.
BUILDING A NEWINDIA
• 5 Year plans (Soviet Union’s centralized planning system)
– 1st – Agricultural Infrastructure
– 2nd – Industrial Development
• Modernizing India
– Technical & Higher Education
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
32.
BUILDING A NEWINDIA
• 5 Year plans (Soviet Union’s centralized planning system)
– 1st – Agricultural Infrastructure
– 2nd – Industrial Development
• Modernizing India
– Technical & Higher Education
“We were all impregnated with opportunities that lay ahead,
and with the idea that not only could you shape that form of
the physical environment, but also influence social life”
~ Joseph Stein
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
33.
BUILDING A NEWINDIA
• Post-Partition Migration
– Housing and Infrastructural needs
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
34.
BUILDING A NEWINDIA
• Post-Partition Migration
– Housing and Infrastructural needs
• Decentralized Industries
– Industrial Towns
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
35.
BUILDING A NEWINDIA
• Post-Partition Migration
– Housing and Infrastructural needs
• Decentralized Industries
– Industrial Towns
• Higher Education Policies
– New Campuses
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
36.
BUILDING A NEWINDIA
• Post-Partition Migration
– Housing and Infrastructural needs
• Decentralized Industries
– Industrial Towns
• Higher Education Policies
– New Campuses
• Extended Bureaucracy
– New Government offices
– Institutional Interventions
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
37.
THE GANDHI NEHRUDEBATE
Urban Vs Rural
The village as
SELF-GOVERNING
NON-VIOLENT
CASTE-LESS
City as the epitome of
modernizing India
Essentially a self sustaining
entity
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
38.
Vidhana Soudha, Karnataka(1956)
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SOCIALIST INDIA & PROVINCIAL ARCHITECTURE
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
39.
Rabindra Bhawan, HabibRehman (1961)
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SOCIALIST INDIA & PROVINCIAL ARCHITECTURE
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
40.
BILATERAL TIES WHICHGOT IN ARCHITECTS
American point four agricultural program got Albert Mayer,
who helped do the first masterplan of Delhi.
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
TATA Centre, Calcutta,Holabird & Root (USA)
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BILATERAL TIES WHICH GOT IN ARCHITECTS
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
43.
ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION
• 1913– JJ School of Architecture
– Established in 1913, it was Asia's first architecture school
• 1941 - Department of Architecture of Delhi Polytechnic
– School of Planning and Architecture Delhi
• 1945 - AICTE
– All India Council for Technical Education, formed on RIBA
framework
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
44.
ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION
• 1949– Bengal School
– 1952 Joseph Allen Stein (HOD)
• 1962 - CEPT
– Center for Environmental Planning and Technology – B V Doshi
& Bernard Kohn
– Christopher Alexander was a visiting faculty and work on
‘Pattern Language’ started by studying villages of India.
• 1972 – Piloo Mody & The Architects Act
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
45.
WHAT IS THEARCHITECTURE OF INDIA?
• Modernists’ Search for an Appropriate Architecture
– Chandigarh and Le Corbusier
– First generation post-Independence Indian Modernists
• Joseph Allen Stein and Delhi Experiments
– International yet Indian
• Architecture of the established firms/architects
• The Indian Mainstream
• Architecture of the informal
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
46.
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MODERNISTS’SEARCH FOR AN APPROPRIATE ARCHITECTURE
Le Corbusier and the Chandigarh Experiment
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
47.
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MODERNISTS’SEARCH FOR AN APPROPRIATE ARCHITECTURE
Le Corbusier and the Ahmadabad Association
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
48.
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MODERNISTS’SEARCH FOR AN APPROPRIATE ARCHITECTURE
First generation post-independence modernists - Doshi
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
49.
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MODERNISTS’SEARCH FOR AN APPROPRIATE ARCHITECTURE
First generation post-independence modernists - Doshi
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
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JOSEPHALLEN STEIN AND DELHI EXPERIMENTS
Moved away from the Corbusian hangover, Ford Foundation Office (1968)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
52.
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JOSEPHALLEN STEIN AND DELHI EXPERIMENTS
Moved away from the Corbusian hangover, Ford Foundation Office (1968)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
53.
THE IGNCA INTERNATIONALCOMPETITION
• Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts
– 1986
• Symbol of Modern India
– Ambitions similar to that of Chandigarh
– 200 entries from 46 different countries
• Ralph Lerner won the competition
– Gautam Bhatia was placed 2nd
”From defining a new nation in 50s
to
finding the spirit of India in 80s”
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness
REFERENCE
Suha Ózkan. Introduction:Regionalism within Modernism.
Jon Lang, Madhavi Desai, Miki Desai. 1997. Architecture and Independence.
s.l. : Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195639006.
Jon Lang. 2002. A Concise History of Modern Architecture in India. s.l. :
Permanent Black Publishers. ISBN 8178240173.
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Regionalism and Search for Indian-ness