Lecture No. 6- Agroforestry Systems W-23.pdf

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INTRODUCTION TO VARIOUS
AGRO-FORESTRY SYSTEMS
HAFIZ MASOOD AHMAD
Lecturer
Department of Forestry & Range Management
University of Agriculture Faisalabad
Lecture No. 6

WHAT IS AGRO-FORESTRY
 Agro-Forestry: The art and science of growing
trees and farm crops on the same piece of land
either side by side or one after the other in the
best interest of site and man is known as Agro-
Forestry.
 Agro-Forestry is producing 9 times more fuel
wood and 6 times more timber than Govt./State
Forest.
 Area of farm forest can easily be increased by 5
times in Pakistan with normal inputs

 An integrated land use approach (including
various combinations of Agriculture and Forestry)
for obtaining maximum possible benefits from a
unit area of land is known as Agro-Forestry
System
 Agro-Forestry System is a land use system that
integrates trees, crops and animals in a way that is
scientifically sound, ecologically desirable,
practically feasible and socially acceptable to the
farmers.
AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS

 Integrated Land Use: Blending together various
land uses of farm fields scientifically to ensure
maximum quantity improved quality and
increased variety of farm products on sustained
basses is known as Integrated Land Use.
 Agro-Forestry Technology: refers to an
innovation or improvement, usually through
scientific intervention, to either modify an
existing system or practice, or develop a new
one.
INTEGRATED LAND USE

 Silviculture: The science and art of establishing,
tending and perpetuating a desired tree crop is
called Silviculture.
 It is to Forestry as Agronomy is to Agriculture in
that it is concerned with the technology of crop
production
 Silviculture is the most important branch of
Forestry that deals with tree production
SILVICULTURE

SOME CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF
AGRO-FORESTRY
 Agro-forestry is a collective name for land use
systems involving trees combined with crops and
animals on the same unit of land.
 Agroforestry combines/provides production of
multiple outputs on sustained basis
 In Agroforestry, emphasis is given on the use of
multipurpose indigenous trees and shrubs along
with crops and animals

SOME CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF
AGRO-FORESTRY
 Agroforestry is particularly suitable for low-input
conditions and fragile environments
 It involves the interplay of social and cultural
values more than in most other land-use systems
 Agroforestry system is structurally and
functionally more complex than monoculture
system
 Agroforestry has more ability to mitigate climate
change than any other land management system

ATTRIBUTES OF AGRO-FORESTRY
SYSTEMS
There are three attributes which, theoretically,
all agroforestry systems possess, these are:
 Productivity
 Sustainability
 Adoptability

SYSTEMS
 Productivity: Most, if not all, agroforestry
systems aim to maintain or increase production
(of preferred commodities as well as productivity
(of the land).
 Agroforestry can improve productivity in different
ways. These include: increased output of tree
products, improved yields of associated crops,
reduction of cropping system inputs, and
increased labour efficiency.

SYSTEMS
 Sustainability: By conserving the production
potential of the resource base, mainly through the
beneficial effects of woody perennials on soils,
agroforestry can achieve and indefinitely maintain
conservation and fertility goals.
 Agroforestry Systems can bring sustainability in
tree production as well as in crop and animal
production.

SYSTEMS
 Adoptability: The word “adopt” here means
“accept” and it may be distinguished from
another commonly used word adapt, which
implies “modify” or “change.”
 Agroforestry had already been accepted by the
farming community.
 However, the implication here is that improved or
new agroforestry technologies that are introduced
into new areas should also conform to local
farming practices.

POTENTIAL OF AGRO-FORESTY
The different aspects in which agroforestry hold
viable potentials to meet the demands of ever-
growing human and livestock population, are as
follows:
 Meeting the demand of food, Timber & fodder
 Water conservation
 Fuel wood and energy
 Shelter from trees
 Raw material for industries
 Cash benefits

POTENTIAL OF AGRO-FORESTY
 Increased yield and maximized production
 Diversified products
 Utilization of wasteland and degraded land
 Employment opportunities
 Carbon sequestration services and its influence on
climate change
 Potential reduction in the rate of deforestation
 Improved soil health
 Agroforestry as a habitat for wild species

COMPONENTS OF AGRO-FORESTY
SYSTEMS
There are five components of Agro- Forestry System
 Land
 Woody perennials
 Agricultural crops
 Animals
 Human being

TYPES OF AGRO-FORESTRY SYSTEMS
1. Agri-Silviculture System
2. Silvo-Pastoral System
3. Agri-Silvi-Pastoral System
4. Horti-Silvi-Pastoral System
5. Agri-Silvi-Horti-Pastoral System

The practice of growing agricultural crops and
trees on the same piece of land at the same time is
known as Agri-Silviculture System e.g.
 Popular + wheat
 Shisham + Sorghum
 Eucalyptus + Mustard
 Simal + Sugar Cane
It is the most popular Agro-Forestry System
of Pakistan.
AGRI-SILVICULTURE SYSTEM
(Agriculture + Silviculture)

SILVO-PASTORAL SYSTEM
(Silviculture + Pasture Farming)
The practice of growing trees and pasture/range
plants on the same piece of land at the same time
is known as Silvo-Pastoral System e.g.
 Kikar + Kallar Grass
 Kikar + Blue Panic Grass
 Jaman + Rhodes Grass
Rearing of Animals is an essential component of
this system.

AGRI-SILVI-PASTORAL SYSTEM
(Agriculture + Silviculture + Pasture Farming)
The practice of growing agricultural crops, trees
and pasture/range plants on the same piece of
land at the same time is known as Agri-Silvi-
Pastoral System e.g.
 Wheat + Kikar + Kallar Grass
 Wheat + Poplar + Mot Grass
 Sorghum + Shahtoot + Dhaman Grass
This system can be most efficient if managed
properly.

DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF
TREE SPECIES FOR AGROFORESTRY
 Tree species selected should not interfere with
soil moisture
 Tree species should not compete for plant
nutrients
 Tree species should not compete for sunlight
 Tree species should have high survival rate and
easy establishment
 Tree species should have fast growing habit and
easy management

 Tree species should have wider adaptability
 Tree species should have high palatability as a
fodder
 Tree species should have shelter conferring and
soil stabilization attributes
 Tree species should have capability to withstand
management practices
 Tree species should have nutrient cycling and
nitrogen fixation attributes

 Tree species should have thin bark
 Tree species should be free from chemical
exudations
 Tree species should have easily decomposable
leaves
 Tree species should have their multiple uses
 Tree species should have high yield potential
 Tree species should have high economic value

AGRICULTURAL CROPS FOR
AGROFORESTRY
 Agricultural crops should be short duration and
quick growing.
 They should be some what tolerant to shade.
 Most of them should belong to Fabaceae
(legume) family.
 They should respond well to high density tree
planting.

AGRICULTURAL CROPS FOR
AGROFORESTRY
 They should bear some adverse conditions, like
water stress and/or excess of watering
 Crops should return adequate organic matter to
soil through their fallen leaves, root system,
stumps, etc.
 Crops should appropriately be fitted in intensive
or multiple cropping system

Woody Trees
 Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo)
 Kikar (Acacia nilotica)
 Siris (Albizzia lebbek)
 Sohanjna (Moringa oleifera)
 Poplar (Populus deltoides)
 Neem (Azadirachta indica)
 Bakain (Melia azadarech)
 Simal (Bombex ceiba)
 Arjun (Terminalia arjuna)
 Sufeda (E. camaldulences)
TREES SUITABLE FOR AGROFORESTRY

Fruit Trees
 Mango (Mangifera indica)
 Jaman (Syzygium cumini)
 Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana)
 Mulberry (Morus alba)
 Guava (Psidium guajava)
 Peach (Prunus persica)
 Fig (Ficus carica)
 Kinnow (Citrus reticulata)
 Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera)
 Falsa (Grewia asiatica)
TREES SUITABLE FOR AGROFORESTRY

Lecture No. 6- Agroforestry Systems W-23.pdf

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