LEE 4 - GROUP - UNIT 19

LEE 4 - GROUP - UNIT 19

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  Lengua y ExpresiónEscrita IV I.S.F.D. Nº 41 Profesorado de Inglés. Oral presentation- Group 8. Students: START! Pair 1: Vazquez, Victoria and Peralta Noelia Pair 2: Elicegui Mercedes and Sanguinetti Agostina Pair 3: Franco Florencia and Germinario Ana Laura Pair 4: Eisenacht Vilma and Petralanda MaiteThe Study of Language By George Yule
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  Language and socialvariation Sociolinguistic * Social dialects Speech style and style shifting - Prestige African American English _Vernacular language* Educational occupation *Social markers - Speech accommodation - Register and jargon - Slang _The grammar of vernacular
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  Language and socialvariation: ★ Not everyone in a single geographical area speaks in the same way in every situation. ★ People who lives in the same region but differ in terms of education and economic status often speaks in quite different ways. ★ These differences may be implicit or explicitly as indications of membership in different social groups or speech communities.
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  Sociolinguistic: Have more yearsof education and perform non-manual work Middle class Have fewer years of education and perform manual work of some kind Working class Social dialect Certain features of language are treated as relevant: Words or structure Pronunciation A small difference in pronunciation can be an indicator of social status Mainly used to define groups of speakers as having something in common. There are two main groups:
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  Education and occupation: Thepost vocalic /r/ sound: Each person has an individual way of speaking, a personal dialect or idiolect. The /r/ sound after a vowel and before a consonant or the end of a word..
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  New York, UnitedStates The higher socio-economic status the more postvocalic /r/ sound were produced. The lower socio-economic status, the fewer postvocalic /r/ were produced Reading, United Kingdom Middle class speakers pronounced fewer postvocalic /r/ sounds Upper middle class speakers did not seem to pronounce postvocalic /r/ at all William Labor vs Trudgill study: VS
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  Social markers: Makes wordslike ‘hat’ sound like ‘at’. Words are pronounced with /n/ rather than /ŋ/ at the end of the word - ING: Mostly used by the lower class education. /h/ dropping
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  Speech style andstyle- shifting: Social feature of language use. The most basic distinction in speech style is between: Formal style Informal style Paying attention to how we are speaking Paying less attention to how we are speaking
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  Over prestige: When achange is in the direction of a form that is more frequent in the speech of those perceived to have higher social status. Prestige: Covert prestige: A “hidden” status of a speech style as having positive value may explain why certain groups do not exhibit style- shifting to the same extent as other groups.
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  Speech Accommodation: The abilityto modify our speech style toward or away from the perceived style of the person we are talking to. Convergence: The speech style that attempts to reduce social distance. Divergence: A speech style that is used to emphasize social distance between speakers.
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  Register and Jargon RegisterJargon A conventional way of using language that is appropriate in a specific context. Situational Occupational Topical Features Religious Legal Linguistics A defining feature of a register. Is a special technical vocabulary associated with a specific area of work or interest.
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  Slang Is typically usedamong those who are outside established higher-status groups. Describes words of phrases that are used instead of more everyday terms among younger speakers and other groups with social interests. The difference in slang use between groups divides into older and youngers speakers shows that age is another important factor involved in social variation.
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  African American English A variety usedby many African American in different regions of the USA.
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  Vernacular Language It isthe most studied form of AAE. Is a general expression for a kind of social dialect. The term vernacular has been used since Middle Ages-
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  The Sound ofVernacular A Pervasive phonological feature in AAVE A tendency to reduce final consonant cluster. This can affect the pronunciation of past tense Initial dental consonants are frequently pronounced as alveolar stops. Morphological feature Possessive ‘s Third Person singular Plural ‘s No typically used
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  The grammar of vernacular ●It is typically is aspects of grammar that AAVE and other vernacular are the most stigmatized as being “illogical” or “sloppy”.
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  Illogical Sloppy Double negative construction. Negativeis expressed twice Absence of verb “to be” It is not articulated in AAVE
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  CREDITS: This presentationtemplate was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik. Bibliography Thanks for watching VilmaYule, G. (2010). The Study of Language. New York, USA. Cambridge University Press Maite