Lentil

Lentil

• 1.
  L e nt i l Lens culinaris Medik (2n=2x=14)
• 2.
  Introduction • Lentil isa rabi pulse crop grown mainly in Canada, India, Turkey, US, Australia. • In India, the acreage under lentil is about 1 million hectare which is about 5% of the total pulse acreage. • The production is about 0.6 million tones accounting for about 5% of the total pulse production. • Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal are the states where 95% of the acreage is concentrated.
• 3.
  Biological Classification • Order:Fabales • Family: Fabaceae • Genus: Lens • Species: L. culinaris • Common Names: Masoor, Masura
• 4.
  Morphology of Lentil Plant •Lens culinaris is an erect, pale green annual herb up to 75 cm tall. Its main stem is square in cross-section, and from it many branches extend. • Leaves: The pinnately compound leaves are arranged alternately along the stem. Each leaf consists of 5-16 leaflets which are inserted along the leaf’s central axis (the rachis).
• 5.
  Morphology of Lentil Plant •Fruit: The fruit is a 6-20 mm long, 3- 12 mm wide pod containing up to 3 seeds. • Seed: The seeds are lens-shaped, 2- 9 mm long, 2-3 mm wide and can be grey, green, brownish green, pale red speckled with black or pure black in colour.
• 6.
  Floral Biology • Lentilis self pollinating crop due to cleistogamy, with less than 1% cross pollination. • Pollination normally occurs just before the flower opens. • The stalked flowers are arranged along an unbranched axis (a raceme). • The flowers are pale blue, white or pink. • The flower consist of 10 stamens (9:1 arrangement). • The pistil consists of the stigma, the style and the ovary, usually with two ovules.
• 7.
  Origin • Lens orientalisis the progenitor species. • The centre of origin for Lens culinaris is the Near East and the species was first domesticated in the Near East. • Lentil first spread to the Nile from the Near East, to Central Europe and then to the Indian subcontinent and Mediterranean region.
• 8.
  Cytology • The diploidchromosome number is 2n=2x=14. • 2 pairs of chromosomes are Metacentric, 2 pairs are Sub-metacentric and 3 pairs are Acrocentric. • The chromosome length may vary from 1.9 to 6.4 µ and the total chromosome length from 14.1 to 36.3 µ. • The number of chromosomes with secondary constrictions ranged from 0-2.
• 9.
  Breeding Objectives • HighSeed Yield • Appropriate Size, Shape, Seed Coat Colour and Quality for the following market classes of lentil: • Large Green • Medium Green • Small Green • Small Red • Extra Small Red • a Few Minor Specialty Classes • High Protein Value • Less Cooking Time
• 10.
  Breeding Objectives • Toleranceto Drought • Resistance to Shattering • Lodging Tolerance • Resistance to Diseases • Ascochyta blight • Rust (Uromyces fabae) • Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum)
• 11.
  Breeding Objective • Resistanceto Insects • Pod borer (Etiella zinckenella) • Cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) • Aphid (Aphis craccivora)
• 12.
  Breeding Procedures • PurelineSelection among locally adapted germplasm lines. • Varietal Hybridization • Pedigree Method • Bulk Method • Single Seed Decent Method • Backcross Method • Biotechnology