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LESSON 1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND MEASUREMENT.pptx
The document outlines a lesson plan focused on understanding physical quantities and measurement, including concepts of accuracy, precision, and uncertainty. Key learning objectives include solving measurement problems, converting units, and expressing values in scientific notation. Additionally, it explains the classification of physical quantities, the importance of significant figures, and methods for estimating uncertainties.
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LESSON 1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND MEASUREMENT.pptx
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- 2. Learning Outcomes The studentswill solve multi-concept, rich-content problems involving measurement using experimental and theoretical approaches. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY • Solve measurement problems involving conversion of units, expression of measurements in scientific notation • Differentiate accuracy from precision • Differentiate random errors from systematic errors • Estimate errors from multiple measurements of a physical quantity using variance
- 3. Table of Contents Accuracyand Precision Percent of Uncertainty Measuremen t Physical Quantity Base Quantity Derived Quantity Conversion of Units Significant Figures Scientific Notations Uncertainty Types of Uncertainty Estimating Uncertainties using Variance 1 3 4 2
- 4. KAHOOT! This can bethe part of the presentation where you can introduce yourself, write your email…
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- 7. Measurement A processof determining how large or small a physical quantity is as compared to a basic reference quantity of the same kind. The process of associating numbers with physical quantities and phenomena. It is fundamental to the sciences; to engineering, construction, and other technical fields; and to almost all everyday activities.
- 8. Physical Quantity Is a quantitythat can be measured. It consists of a numerical magnitude and a unit. 25 m MAGNITUDE UNIT It can be classified as Base Quantity and Derived Quantity
- 9. Base Quantity Is aquantity that cannot be expressed in terms of other physical quantities. In order to work with a consistent and coherent measurement system, Système International d’Unitès or SI Units is used.
- 10. Derived Quantity Are quantities obtainedfrom a combination of various base quantities and their units are determined from the relation between the base quantities and derived quantities.
- 11. Derived Quantity Are quantities obtainedfrom a combination of various base quantities and their units are determined from the relation between the base quantities and derived quantities. Density
- 12. Prefixes Are terms addedbefore the units to indicate smaller or larger values. This is to avoid writing too many zeroes that may give rise to human error.
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- 14. Conversion of Units If thephysical quantity is not in the SI unit, it can be converted to SI unit using conversion factor.
- 15. Conversion of Units For Example, Howmany minutes are there in 3 hours? 3 hrs 180 mins CONVERSION FACTOR GIVEN UNIT CONVERTED UNIT
- 16. Scientific Notation Is a techniqueused to represent very small or large numbers with a numerical representation in the form of: N x 10n Coefficient whose value is between 1-9 only Power of 10
- 17. Scientific Notation For Example How toexpress the following in the correct scientific notation? a. 123456 m b. 0.00123456 g Steps: 1. Determine if the value is more or less than 1. If less than 1, its exponent is negative. If it's more than 1, the exponent is positive. 2. If it is positive, move the decimal point to the LEFT to until the coefficient becomes 1- 9 in value. If it is negative, move the decimal point to the RIGHT. 3. Count the number of places you move the decimal point. This number is the exponent. 123456 m = 1.23456 x 105 m 0.00123456 g = 1.23456 x 10-3 g
- 18. Scientific Notation For Example How toexpress the following scientific notation into numbers? a. 6.987 x 103 kg b. 9.2938 x 10-5 m/s2 Steps: 1. If the exponent is positive, move the decimal to the RIGHT by the number of the exponent. If the exponent is negative, move to the LEFT by the number of exponent. 6.987 X 103 kg = 6987 kg 9.2938 x 10-5 m/s2 = 0.000092938 m/s2
- 19. Operations on ScientificNotation Addition and Subtraction Step 1: Rewrite the numbers so that they all have the same power of ten by moving the decimal place of coefficient with the smaller exponent. Step 2: Add or subtract the numbers. Copy the power of ten. Step 3: Rewrite the sentence in a scientific notation. Example: 5.3×106 +11.2×107 Multiplication and Division Step 1: Multiply or Divide the coefficient Step 2: For multiplication, add the exponents. For division, subtract the exponent. Step 3: Rewrite the sentence in a scientific notation. Example:
- 20. Significant Figures Is amethod of reporting measured data or values to present more accurate data.
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- 22. Accuracy and Precision Accuracy ishow close a given set of measurements (observations or readings) are to their true value, while precision is how close the measurements are to each other.
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- 24. Uncertainty These are measurementsof physical quantities that tends to have mistakes or errors from its true value due to various factors. This can be caused by Systematic Errors or Random Errors Systematic Error Random Error Are due to the measuring device being biased in some way so that it reads consistently high or low. It can be Instrumental, personal and external errors Are due to the experimental or inherent difficulty in taking accurate measurements
- 27. How Number ofUncertainties be reported? 220 5 cm Value of the quantity Number of uncertainty Unit This means, 220 cm + 5 = 225 cm 220 cm – 5 = 215 cm Range of true value
- 28. How to getPercent of Uncertainty? 220 5 cm Solution, x 100 = 2.27% Written as, 220 cm 2.27%
- 29. Sample Problem The correct valueof the measurement is between 200ml and 230ml. Find the percent uncertainty of the measurement and write the value correctly. Step 1 Determine the correct value and the number of uncertainty = 215 ml 215ml – 200ml = 15 230ml – 215ml = 15 Step 2 Calculate the Percent Uncertainty x 100 = 6.98% Step 3 Write the correct value of the measurement 215 ml 6.98%
- 30. Estimating Uncertainties ofMultiple Measurement using Variance Step 1 Take the MEAN of the values Mean = = = 12.34 Step 2 Take the deviations of the values from the mean Measurements (cm) 12.30 12.35 12.31 12.34 12.36 12.38 12.33 12.35 Measurements (x-mean) Deviation (d) 12.30-12.34 -0.04 12.35-12.34 +0.01 12.31-12.34 -0.03 12.34-12.34 0.00 12.36-12.34 +0.02 12.38-12.34 +0.04 12.33-12.34 -0.01 12.35-12.34 +0.01
- 31. Estimating Uncertainties using Variance Step3 Get the Average Deviation (a.d.) a.d. = = = 0.02 Step 4 Take the Average Deviations of the Mean (A.D.) Measurements (x-mean) Deviation (d) 12.30-12.34 -0.04 12.35-12.34 +0.01 12.31-12.34 -0.03 12.34-12.34 0.00 12.36-12.34 +0.02 12.38-12.34 +0.04 12.33-12.34 -0.01 12.35-12.34 +0.01 ∑x = 98.72 ∑𝑑 = 0.16 Note: Summation of the deviation without the regard of the sign. A.D. = = = 0.01 cm Step 5 Write the Numerical value of the Uncertainty 12.34 0.01 cm 12.34 Mean (True Value) A.D. (Uncertainty) 0.01
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- 37. CREDITS: This presentationtemplate was created by Slidesgo, including icon by Flaticon, and infographics & images from Freepik Thanks Do you have any questions? [email protected] +91 620 421 838 yourcompany.com Please keep this slide for attribution