Lesson 1.pptx

HISTORY: DEFINITION,
ISSUES AND
METHODOLOGY
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY (RPH 103)

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this lesson, you should be able
to:
▶ To understand the meaning of History as an
academic discipline.
▶ To asses and analyze historical narratives
through historical philosophy and
methodology

DEFINITION OF
HISTORY
HISTORY: DEFINITION, ISSUES AND METHODOLOGY

DEFINITION OF HISTORY
▶ "History is a narration of the
events which have happened
among mankind, including an
account of the rise and fall of
nations, as well as of other great
changes which have affected the
political and social condition of
the human race." (John Jacob
Anderson)

W.C. Sellar and R.J. Yeatman
▶ "History is not what you thought. It is what
you remember. All other history defeats
itself." (1066 and All That)

Arnold J. Toynbee
▶ "History not used is nothing, for all
intellectual life is action, like practical life,
and if you don't use the stuff well, it might
as well be dead."

▶ History according to
Llewelyn and Thompson
(2020) is the study of
the past, specifically the
people, societies,
events and problems of
the past as well as our
attempts to understand
them. It is a pursuit
common to all human
societies.

▶ History was derived from the Greek word
“historia” which means knowledge
acquired through inquiry or investigation."
▶ Historia became known as the account of
the past of a person or of a group of people
through written documents and historical
evidences.

▶ Candelaria (2018) states that students of
general education often dread the
subject for its notoriety in requiring
them to memorize dates, places, names,
and events from distant eras. This low
appreciation of the discipline may be
rooted from the shallow understanding
of history's relevance to their lives and
to their respective contexts.

▶ That meaning stuck until the early parts of
the twentieth century, History became an
important academic discipline. It became
the historian's duty to write about the lives
of important individuals like monarchs,
heroes, saints, and nobilities (Delgado,
n.d.).

▶ It is thus important to ask: What counts as
history? Traditional historians lived with the
mantra of "no document, no history." It
means that unless a written document can
prove a certain historical event, then it
cannot be considered as a historical fact
(San Juan, n.d.).

▶ This loophole was recognized by historians
who started using other kinds of historical
sources, which may not be in written form
but were just as valid. A few of these
examples are oral traditions in forms of
epics and songs, artifacts, architecture,
and memory (Launto, n.d.).

QUESTIONS AND
ISSUES IN HISTORY

QUESTIONS AND ISSUES IN HISTORY
▶ These questions can
be answered by
historiography.
▶ In simple terms,
historiography is the
history of history.
History and
historiography should
not be confused with
each other.

WHAT IS HISTORIGRAPHY?
▶ Historiography, the writing of history,
especially the writing of history based on
the critical examination of sources, the
selection of particular details from the
authentic materials in those sources, and
the synthesis of those details into a
narrative that stands the test of critical
examination.

POSSITIVISM
▶ According to Bourdeau (2018), positivism is
a school of thought that emerged between
the eighteenth and nineteenth century.
This thought requires evidence before one
can claim that a particular knowledge is
true Positivism also entails an objective
means of arriving at a conclusion.

POSSITIVISM
▶ In the discipline of history, the mantra "no
document, no history" stems from this
very same truth, where historians were
required to show written or historical
narrative, primary documents in order to
write a particular historical narrative

POSSITIVISM
▶ As a narrative, any history that has been
taught and written is always intended for a
certain group of audience. When the
illustrados, like Jose Rizal Isabelo de los
Reyes, and Pedro Paterno wrote history,
they intended it for the Spaniards so that
they would realize that Filipinos are people
of their own intellect and culture.

POST-COLONIALISM
▶ Larena (2018) cited that post-colonialism
is the school of thought that emerged in
the early twentieth century when formerly
colonized nations grappled with the idea of
creating their identities and understanding
their societies against the shadows of their
colonial past.

POST-COLONIALISM
Postcolonial history looks at two things in
writing history:
▶ First is to tell the history of their nation
that will highlight their identity free from
that of colonial discourse and knowledge.
▶ Second is to criticize the methods, effects,
and idea of colonialism.

HISTORY AND
HISTORIANS

POST-COLONIALISM
Postcolonial history looks at two
things in writing history:
▶ First is to tell the history of their
nation that will highlight their
identity free from that of colonial
discourse and knowledge.
▶ Second is to criticize the methods,
effects, and idea of colonialism.

POST-COLONIALISM
▶ Jusserand (n.d.) states that history is
written with agenda or is heavily influenced
by the historian, is it possible to come up
with an absolute historical truth? Is
history an objective discipline? If it is not,
is it still worthwhile to study history?

POST-COLONIALISM
▶ Historians only get to access representation
of the past through historical sources and
evidence.
▶ Therefore, it is the historian's job not just
to seek historical evidence and facts but
also to interpret these facts. "Facts cannot
speak for themselves."

SUMMARY

Lesson 1.pptx

More Related Content

Similar to Lesson 1.pptx

More from Gavin Malala

Recently uploaded

Lesson 1.pptx