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Lesson plan rasya
- 1. LESSON PLAN Submitted by, RasyaK. K. 19USDH012 I B. Ed. Special Education(HI) and Mathematics
- 2. Definition of lessonplan •According to: •Bining and Bining: •Daily lesson planning involves defining the objectives, selecting and arranging the subject matter and determining the method and procedure
- 3. •Lester B. Stands: •Alesson plan is actually a plan of action. It, therefore, includes the working philosophy of the teacher, his knowledge of philosophy, his information about and understanding of his pupils, his comprehension of the objective of education, his knowledge of the material to be taught, and his ability to utilize effective methods.
- 4. •N.L. Bossing: •Lesson planis the title given to a statement of the achievements to be realized and the specific means by which these are to be attained as a result of the activities engaged in day-by-day under the guidance of the teacher.
- 5. •Thisdefinition tends tofocus the teacher’s attention upon: •Outcomes or results in terms of the pupil •Definite processes and procedures with recognition of activity as the basis of learning •The pupil in the foreground and the teacher in the background as guide and director only of the learning activity
- 6. Principles of constructinga lesson plan • Principle 1:The lesson is guided by clearly specified objectives. • Principle 2: Activities in the lesson follow a logical sequence. • Principle 3: Comprehensible input is provided.
- 7. • Principle 4:Thereare multiple opportunities for communicative practice. • Principle 5: Scaffolding and strategies are provided to enableSstudents to perform at a higher level. • Principle 6: Ongoing assessment informs lesson design and implementation.
- 8. Components of lessonplan • Necessary Materials • Clear Objectives • Background Knowledge
- 9. • Direct Instruction •Student Practice • Closure • Demonstration of Learning (Quick Assessment)
- 10. Characteristics of agood lesson plan • It should be written • It should have clear aims • It should be linked with the previous knowledge • It should show techniques of teaching • It should show the illustrative aids
- 11. • It shouldcontain suitable subject matter • It should divided into units • It should provide for activity • It should provide for individual differences • It should show certain routine things
- 12. • It shouldbe flexible • It should include the summary • It should refer to reference material • It should include assignments for students • It should provide for self-evaluation
- 13. Herbartian steps oflesson plan • Introduction / Motivation • Presentation • Comparison and association
- 14. • Generalization • Application •Recapitulation
- 15. 1. A. Preparation: Itis the first step in making a lesson plan. It is also known as previous knowledge testing ( PK Testing) or Introduction. In this process, the students are asked to assess their previous knowledge. This is done to know how much knowledge the students already have. The teacher asks the student a few questions related to the lesson. It totally depends on the lesson how many questions should be asked. The aim is to know about the previous knowledge of the students and to motivate them to acquire new knowledge.
- 16. 1. B. Statementof Aim: After asking questions, the teacher declares the aim of the lesson. Here the subject matter becomes clear to the students and the teacher writes the same on the blackboard.
- 17. 2. Presentation: At thisstage of Lesson Planning, the lesson is developed with the help of students. Here the teacher presents the new subject or topic in front of the students. The teacher tries to coax out knowledge from the students by asking them questions.
- 18. During Presentation: - LessonTo be divided into units. The page should be divided into 3 columns. There should be provision for subject matter on the left side, the method in the center and blackboard writing on the right side. Lesson Plan can also be divided into 2 columns - a Subject matter on the left side and methods on the right side. Blackboard or chalkboard writing can be written at the end of the lesson. - The teaching materials which are to be used during the development of the lesson plan should also be mentioned in the introduction.
- 19. 3. Comparison andAssociation: At this step of the lesson planning, the facts, incidents and comparative methods used are correlated so that the subject or topic taught to the students is absolutely clear to them. Comparative study and correlation will increase the knowledge of the students. The teacher should relate the subject to other subjects. This will help in increasing the knowledge and thinking power of the students.
- 20. Generalization, Application and Recapitulation: 4.Generalization: After understanding the entire lesson, the students are given the opportunity to think so that rules and principles are built up. 5. Application: This is the last step of lesson planning. In this stage, it is seen whether acquired knowledge can be used or not. Recapitulation: is the last stage of the Lesson Plan in which the teacher asks questions related to the topic. He does so to find out whatever he has taught to the students and whether they have understood it well or not.
- 21. Merits or Advantagesof Herbartian Steps of Lesson Plan: 1. It is a psychological method: Herbart lesson plan is based on the principle of psychology, because according to it whenever any new thought is presented which is related to those thoughts which are lying in the teacher's unconscious mind then those unconscious thoughts come back to his conscious mind. This way of accepting thoughts is the psychological mental process and is called as an association of memory or stream of consciousness. 2. Correlation: In Herbert's steps of teaching, questions are asked for recapitulation. While answering these questions, the students learn to utilize their acquired knowledge as per the circumstances.
- 22. Merits or Advantagesof Herbartian Steps of Lesson Plan: 3. Organized teaching: In the Herbartian process of the lesson plan, every stage is set in a logical sequence and teaching process is carried on in an orderly manner. 4. Use of Inductive and Deductive method of teaching: The new knowledge is presented with the help of various examples and all the students are asked to set rules and theories which comes under the Inductive method of teaching. Then those rules and theories are used which is form deductive method. In these types of lesson Plan, both deductive and inductive methods are used.
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