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LESSON-1-21ST-CENTURY-1.pptx
- 1. LESSON 1 GEOGRAPHIC, LINGUISTIC,AND ETHNIC DIMENSIONS OF PHILIPPINE LITERARY HISTORY
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- 3. LITERATURE The word “LITERATURE”is derived from the Latin term LITTERA which means “LETTER OF THE ALPHABET” or “WRITING FORMED WITH LETTERS”
- 4. Literature has beendefined differently by various writers. 1. Literature expresses the feelings of people to society, to the government, to his surroundings, to his fellowmen, and to his Divine Creator. (Brother Azurin) 2. Literature is anything that is printed as long as it is related to the ideas and feelings of the people, whether it is true, or just a product of one’s imagination. (Webster)
- 5. 3. Literature refersto works of the creative imagination, including poetry, drama, fiction, non-fiction, and in some instances, journalism, and song. (Lombardi, 2020) 4. “True literature is a piece of written work which is undying. It expresses the feelings and emotions of people in response to his everyday efforts to live, to be happy in his environment and, after struggles, to reach his Creator” (PANITIKANG FILIPINO) - Maria S. Ramos, Obdulia L. Atienza, Lucila A. Salazar, and Anita R. Nazal
- 6. Some loosely interpretliterature as . Others define literature as a . Because . is literature.
- 7. • Philippine Literatureis a diverse and rich group of works that has evolved side by-side with the country’s history. Literature had started with . • The main themes of Philippine literature focus on the
- 8. Our forefathers alreadyhad their literature, which reflected in their customs and traditions. They had their alphabet even before they had colonized. The Spanish friars burned their alphabet in the belief that they were works of the devil or were written on materials that quickly perished, like the barks of trees, dried leaves, and bamboo cylinders, which could not have remained firm even if efforts were made to preserve them. Our unique geographic location is the reason why we are rich.
- 9. Literary History/Evolution ofthe Philippines PRE-SPANISH LITERATURE - is characterized by: • Folk tales. These are made up of stories about life, adventure, love, horror, and humor where one can derive lessons. An example of this is THE MOON AND THE SUN. • Chants (Bulong). This was used in witchcraft or enchantment especially in remote places in the Visayas places. • The Epic Age. Epics are long narrative poems in which a series of heroic achievements or events, usually of a hero, are dealt with at length. • Folk Songs. These are one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature that emerged in the pre-Spanish period. These songs mirrored the early forms of culture. Many of these have 12 syllables. Examples of which are Kundiman, Kumintang o Tagumpay, Ang Dalit o Imno, Ang Oyayi o Hele, Diana, Soliraning and Talindaw
- 10. Understanding Literary History Literaturein this period may be classified as religious prose and poetry and secular prose and poetry. • Spanish Influences On Philippine Literature The first Filipino alphabet, called ALIBATA, was replaced by the Roman alphabet. Also, the teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious practices. European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs, corridos, and moro-moros. • Folk Songs It manifests the artistic feelings of the Filipinos and shows their innate appreciation for and love of beauty. The examples are Leron-Leron Sinta, Pamulinawen, Dandansoy, Sarong Banggi, and Atin Cu Pung Sing-sing. • Recreational Plays There were many recreational plays performed by Filipinos during the Spanish times. Almost all of them were in a poetic form such Cenaculo, Panunuluyan, Salubong and Zarzuela.
- 11. • Indigenous Philippineliterature was based on traditions and customs of a particular area of the country. • Philippines is an archipelago country, consisting several islands, (7,107 islands to be exact), and each of those islands has its specifications of cultures and traditions, bearing different set of native literature. • Ancient literatures were written on the perishable materials like dried leaves, bamboo cylinder, and bark of the trees. • Literatures were handed down to us through the word of mouth.
- 12. There were twoliterary forms during the pre-colonial period: A. Written literatures Examples: a. Riddles or bugtong. These are effective ways to inculcate the ability of logical thinking of a child. b. Epigrams or salawikain. It reflects the hidden meaning through the good lines. It provides good values. c. Poems or tanaga – These are common forms of poetry which has a quatrine with 7 syllables each with the same rhyme at the end of each line. It also expresses insights and lessons in life.
- 13. B. Oral literatures Examples: a.Chant. It is used in witchcraft and enchantment. While, ambahan is a traditional poetry of Hanunoo Mangyans of Oriental Mindoro which teaches lesson about life. It is recited by parents to educate their children by the youth expressing their love, by the old to impart experiences, or by the community in tribal ceremony. b. Balagtasan. This is a Filipino form of debate done in verse. The term is derived from the surname of Francisco Balagtas the author of Filipino epic Florante at Laura.
- 14. The Spanish ColonialPeriod (1565-1897) Sixteenth Century was the start of the deprivation of the indigenous Philippine literature. Spanish colonial government finally got in the scene. They were able to manipulate literature by monopolizing it under the religious orders. Literature evolves mainly on the themes of Spanish/ European culture and of course, the Roman Catholic religion.
- 15. Literary Influences duringSpanish colonization a. Christian Doctrine or Doctrina Christiana was the first book ever printed in the Philippines in 1593 by the Dominican press. b. Libro de la Lengua Tagala by Fernando Bagongbanta .Tagalog translations to the Spanish lines, still the superiority of the Spanish language. c. Pasyon influenced by the Spanish contexts of Christianity, at least they embodied several Filipino sentiments and values (the feeling of Filipino mother towards a suffering son)
- 16. Filipino writers inSpanish became conscious for the search for freedom: a. Pasyon Dapat Ipag-alab ng Puso by Marcelo H. del Pilar expressed his rebellious writing style was identified. b. Pascual Poblete’s Patnubay sa Binyagan associated Filipinos’ struggle for independence with Jesus’ life. c. Jose Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo made very powerful contributions among the Filipinos the introduction of rejecting Spanish rule. He also influenced the succeeding writers. d. The narrative poems Awit and Corrido talked about world of royals, warriors and lovers (the basic concept in Florante at Laura). e. Komedya. Francisco Baltazar’s Florante at Laura embodied the concept of colonization and oppression which gave voice to their revolutionary action towards freedom.
- 17. PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT(1972- 1898) In 19th Century, Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe called Ilustrados began to write about the hitch of colonization. The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896) - This movement was spearheaded mostly by the intellectual middle-class like Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar; Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma.Panganiban, and Pedro Paterno. Some of Rizal’s writings: Noli Me Tangere, Mi Ultimo Adios, Sobre La Indolencia Delos Filipinos and Filipinas Dentro De Cien Aňos. Some of Del Pilar’s writings: Pagibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Love of Country), Kaingat Kayo (Be Careful), and Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and Jokes). Some of Jaena’s writings: Ang Fray Botod, La Hija Del Fraile (The Child of the Friar), and Everything Is Hambug (Everything is mere show), Sa Mga Pilipino...1891), and Talumpating Pagunita Kay Kolumbus (An Oration to Commemorate Columbus)
- 18. THE AMERICAN REGIME(1898-1944) Linguistically, Americans influenced Filipino writers to write using English language. Jose Garcia Villa became famous for his free verse. Characteristics of Literature during this period: The languages used in writing were Spanish and Tagalog and the dialects of the different regions. But the writers in Tagalog, continued in their lamentations on the conditions of the country and their attempts to arouse love for one’s native tongue and the writers in English imitated the themes and methods of the Americans.
- 19. THE JAPANESE PERIOD(1941-1945) Philippine Literature was interrupted in its development when another foreign country, Japan, conquered the Philippines between1941-1945. Philippine literature in English came to a halt. This led to all newspapers not to be circulated in the community except for TRIBUNE and PHILIPPINE REVIEW. Filipino Poetry during this period The common theme of most poems during the Japanese occupation was nationalism, country, love, and life in the barrios, faith, religion, and the arts. Three types of poems emerged during this period: a. Haiku , a poem of free verse that the Japanese like. It was made up of 17 syllables divided into three lines and b. Tanaga – like the Haiku, is short, but it had measure and rhyme. c. Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form)
- 20. PHILIPPINE LITERATURE INENGLISH (1941-1945) Because of the strict prohibitions imposed by the Japanese in the writing and publishing of works in English, Philippine literature in English experienced a dark period. For the first twenty years, many books were published both in Filipino and in English. In the New Filipino Literature, Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived during this period. Most themes in the writings dealt with Japanese brutalities, the poverty of life under the Japanese government, and the brave guerilla exploits.
- 21. PERIOD OF ACTIVISM(1970-1972) According to Pociano Pineda, youth activism in 1970-72 was due to domestic and worldwide causes. Because of the ills of society, the youth moved to seek reforms. The Literary Revolution The youth became vocal with their sentiments. They demanded a change in the government. It was manifested in the bloody demonstrations and the sidewalk expressions and also in literature.
- 22. PERIOD OF THENEW SOCIETY (1972- 1980) The period of the New Society started on September 21, 1972. The Carlos Palanca Awards continued to give annual awards. Poems dealt with patience, regard for native culture, customs, and the beauties of nature and surroundings. Newspapers donned new forms. News on economic progress, discipline, culture, tourism, and the like were favored more than the sensationalized reporting of killings, rape, and robberies. Filipinos before were hooked in reading magazines and comics.
- 23. PERIOD OF THETHIRD REPUBLIC (1981-1985) After ten years of military rule and some changes in the life of the Filipino, which started under the New Society, Martial Rule was at last lifted on January 2, 1981. The Philippines became a new nation, and this, former President Marcos called <The New Republic of the Philippines.= Poems during this period of the Third Republic were romantic and revolutionary. Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were true-to-life like those of grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of God, of country and fellowmen.
- 24. POST-EDSA 1 REVOLUTION(1986-1995) History took another twist. Once more, the Filipino people regained their independence, which they lost twenty years ago. In four days from February 21-25, 1986, the so-called People Power (Lakas ng Bayan) prevailed. In the short span of the existence of the real Republic of the Philippines, several changes already became evident. It was noticed in the new Filipino songs, newspapers, speeches, and even in the television programs. The now crony newspapers that enjoyed an overnight increase in circulation were THE INQUIRER, MALAYA, and the PEOPLE’S JOURNAL.
- 25. 21st CENTURY PERIOD Thenew trends have been used and introduced to meet the needs and tastes of the new generation. 21st Century learners are demanded to be ICT inclined to compete with the style and format of writing as well. New codes or lingos are used to add flavor in the literary pieces produced nowadays.
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