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Leukopenias
This document discusses leukopenia, which is a low white blood cell count. It defines leukopenia and outlines its various causes such as cancer, infections, medications, and nutritional deficiencies. Symptoms are related to an increased risk of infection. Diagnosis involves a complete blood count showing low white blood cell levels. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause, using medications to stimulate white blood cell production, following an immunocompromised diet, and preventing infections.
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Leukopenias
- 1. TOPIC - LEUKOPENIAS PRESENTEDBY OM VERMA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
- 3. INTRODUCTION • A lowwhite blood cell count (leukopenia) is a decrease in disease-fighting cells (leukocytes) in your blood. Leukopenia is almost always related to a decrease in a certain type of white blood cell (neutrophil). The definition of low white blood cell count varies from one medical practice to another.
- 4. Definition • a reductionin the number of white cells in the blood, typical of various diseases. • It is - a condition in which the number of white blood cells circulating in the blood is abnormally low.
- 5. Con…. • A lowwhite blood cell count (leukopenia) is a decrease in disease-fighting cells (leukocytes) in your blood. Leukopenia is almost always related to a decrease in a certain type of white blood cell (neutrophil).
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- 10. etiology • Causes ofleukopenia • Many diseases and conditions can cause leukopenia, such as: • Blood cell or bone marrow conditions • These include: • aplastic anemia • hypersplenism, or overactive spleen • myelodysplastic syndromes • myeloproliferative syndrome • myelofibrosis
- 11. Con… • Cancer andtreatments for cancer • Different types of cancer, including leukemia, can lead to leukopenia. Cancer treatments can also cause leukopenia, including: • chemotherapy • radiation therapy (especially when used on large bones, such as those in your legs and pelvis) • bone marrow transplant
- 12. Con… • Congenital problems •Congenital disorders are present at birth. Congenital problems that can lead to leukopenia include conditions that affect how bone marrow works to make blood cells, such as: • Kostmann syndrome, or severe congenital neutropenia • myelokathexis
- 13. Con… • Infectious diseases •Infectious diseases that can cause leukopenia include: • HIV or AIDS • tuberculosis
- 14. Con,,, • Autoimmune disorders •Autoimmune disorders that kill white blood cells or bone marrow cells, which make blood cells, can also lead to leukopenia. These include: • lupus • rheumatoid arthritis
- 15. Con… • Malnutrition • Leukopeniacan be caused by vitamin or mineral deficiencies, such as deficiencies in: • vitamin B-12 • folate • copper • zinc
- 16. Con… • Medications • Medicationsthat can cause leukopenia include: • bupropion (Wellbutrin) • clozapine (Clozaril) • cyclosporine (Sandimmune) • interferons • lamotrigine (Lamictal) • minocycline (Minocin) • mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept) • penicillin • sirolimus (Rapamune) • sodium valproate • steroids • tacrolimus (Prograf)
- 17. Con… • Sarcoidosis • Sarcoidosisis a systemic illness caused by an exaggerated immune response and characterized by formation of granulomas, or small areas of inflammation, in multiple systems in your body. When these granulomas form in your bone marrow, leukopenia can result.
- 18. Con.. • Viral infections •Viral infections that affect the bone marrow or other severe infections can also lead to leukopenia.
- 20. C.M. • Symptoms ofleukopenia • You probably won’t notice any signs of leukopenia. But if your white cell counts are very low, you may have signs of infection, including: • fever higher than 100.5˚F (38˚C) • chills • sweating • Ask your doctor what to watch for. If you have any symptoms, tell your doctor right away
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- 24. C.B.C. • complete bloodcount or CBC. A healthy white blood cell count is between 3,500 and 11,000 white blood cells per microliter. A person with leukopenia may have fewer than 3,500 white blood cells per microliter.D
- 26. • Medications • Medicationscan be used to stimulate your body to make more blood cells. Or you may be prescribed medications to clear up the cause of the reduced cell count, such as antifungals to treat fungal infections or antibiotics to treat bacterial infections.
- 27. • Treatments thatuse growth factors, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, may help leukopenia. These are often used when chemotherapy is causing leukopenia or if the cause is genetic.
- 28. • Stopping treatmentsthat cause leukopenia • Sometimes you may need to stop a treatment like chemotherapy to give your body time to make more blood cells. Your blood cell counts may naturally rise when treatment like radiation is over or between chemotherapy sessions. Keep in mind that the amount of time it takes for white blood cells to replenish varies from person to person.
- 29. • Diet • Animmunocompromised diet, also called a low-bacterial diet or neutropenic diet, may be recommended if white blood cells are very low. This diet is thought to reduce your chances of getting germs from food or because of the way food is prepared.
- 30. • The followinghome treatments and behaviors may help a person with leukopenia improve their condition and reduce their risk of infection: • eating a healthful diet • getting plenty of rest • avoiding cuts and scrapes • practicing good hygiene to avoid germs • Treatment may also be needed for any infections that result from a reduced white blood cell count. This might include antibiotics or antifungals.