Lexicology as a science and the definition of lexicography

Theme 1
Lexicology as a science
Theme 2
Lexicography
Sarimsakova Nazokat Rustamovna.

Lexicology
- a branch of linguistics dealing with different
properties of words and the vocabulary of a
language.
lexis - ‘word, phrase’ ;
logos - ‘learning, a department of
knowledge’.
The literal meaning of the term «lexicology»
is ‘the science of the word’.

1. Word - the basic unit of a
language resulting from the
association of a particular
meaning with a particular group
of sounds capable of a particular
grammatical employment.
2. Vocabulary - the system formed
by the total sum of all the words
that the language possesses.
I. Lexicology: central terms

1. General Lexicology - the study
of vocabulary irrespective of the
specific features of any particular
language.
2. Special Lexicology - the
Lexicology of a particular
language (English, Russian, etc.),
i.e. the study and description of
its vocabulary and vocabulary
units.
II. Parts of Lexicology

1. Historical Lexicology.
2. Descriptive Lexicology.
3. Comparative Lexicology.
4. Contrastive Lexicology.
5. Combinatorial Lexicology.
6. Applied Lexicology.
Areas of Lexicology

• Modern English Lexicology
investigates:
• the problems of word-structure and
word-formation in Modern English;
• the semantic structure of English
words;
• the main principles underlying the
classification of vocabulary units into
various groupings;
• the laws governing the replenishment
of the vocabulary with new vocabulary
units.

Modern English Lexicology
studies:
►the relations between various layers of the
English vocabulary;
►the specific laws and regulations that govern
its development at the present time,
►the source and growth of the English
vocabulary;
►the changes it has undergone in its history
are also dwelt upon.
►Lexicography is the science and art of
dictionary-compiling, is traditionally included
in a course of Lexicology.

Modern English Lexicology
studies:
1. Semasiology.
2. Word-Structure.
3. Word-Formation.
4. Etymology of the English Word-Stock.
5. Word-groups.
6. Phraseology.
7. Variants of the English Language.
8. Lexicography.

III. Two Approaches to Language Study
► The synchronic (descriptive) approach is
concerned with the vocabulary of a
language as it exists at a given time or at
the present time.
► The diachronic (historical) approach
refers to Historical Lexicology that deals
with the evolution of the vocabulary units
of a language over time.

to beg & beggar
Descriptive lexicology
► Synchronically, these
words are related as a
simple word (to beg) and
a derived word (beggar).
The noun beggar is
derived from the verb to
beg by means of the
suffix –ar.
Historical lexicology
► Diachronically we learn that the
noun beggar was borrowed from
Old French and the verb to beg
appeared in the English language
as a result of back derivation –
the formation of a word from the
stem (base) of another word, by
means of cutting off suffixes
(prefixes) from the source word,
i.e. it was derived from the noun
beggar.

IV. Lexical Units
1. Morphemes - the smallest indivisible two-
facet language unit: stress-ful
2. Word - the basic unit of language system;
3. Word-group - the largest two-facet lexical unit
comprising more than one word: a high tree
4. Phraseological unit – the group of words
whose combination is integrated as a unit with
a specialised meaning of the whole: a red tape.

Lexicography
Lexicography comprises the recording of the
words in the vocabulary of the language into a
specific systematised format (e.g. alphabetically).
Lexicography has two basic components:
The theoretical component which consists of the
general principles of the applied science
theoretical principles that form the basis
for the general usage and expert principles;
and
The practical component which deals with the
applied science of compilation and editing of
dictionaries.

Lexicography is the process in which linguistic
information is being recorded, processed and compiled
in a specific lexicographical format.
The result of the lexicographical process is usually a
wordlist, glossary, dictionary, thesaurus or electronic
(computerised) databank.
Information supplied:
spelling, pronunciation, definition/explanation (semantics),
syllabification, translation equivalents, derived forms and
compounds, grammatical class, usage (syntax), cross
reference to other entries, illustrations, etymology, source
references, etc.

 Lexicography works with words
 Verbal vocabulary
 Written vocabulary
 The vocabulary of a particular language is
documented in a monolingual dictionary
 Different languages are compared in
bilingual and multilingual dictionaries
 General dictionaries are word-oriented
rather than topic-oriented (Cluver 1989)

 Dictionaries serve as aids to the
comprehension (decoding) or to the
generation (encoding) of texts in a language
or languages.
 Lexicography combines the double aim of
general collecting of data on the lexicon of a
language with providing an information and
advisory service to language users

Lexicology as a science and the definition of lexicography

More Related Content

Similar to Lexicology as a science and the definition of lexicography

More from nazokatik241

Recently uploaded

Lexicology as a science and the definition of lexicography