Uploaded byChethan Kumar
Life processes-I
The document discusses several key life processes including nutrition, photosynthesis, and digestion. It defines autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition, with autotrophs like plants performing photosynthesis to produce their own food using carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll, and sunlight. Heterotrophs depend on autotrophs for food and include animals. Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts in plant cells, which contain chlorophyll and use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The document also describes digestion in animals, which involves ingestion, digestion through enzymes, absorption in the intestines, and egestion.
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Life processes-I
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- 3. LIFE PROCESSES Process that occurin living organisms which are essential for metabolism, maintenance and to sustain life. Some of the important Life processes include Nutrition Respiration Transportation Excretion. How do you differentiate between Living and Non-living organism.
- 4. Characteristics of Living Organisms Abilityto Move Ability to Grow Ability to Reproduce Ability to Breath/Respire/Gaseous exchange Ability to Transport. Ability to Excrete.
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- 6. NUTRITION The processby which organisms can either synthesize their own energy rich compounds or consume energy rich compounds in order to obtain energy. Nutrition is subdivided into Autotrophic Nutrition (Auto-Self, trophic-nourishment) Kind of Nutrition in which organisms can prepare their own food. Ex:- Green Plants. Heterotrophic Nutrition (Hetero-Others, trophic-nourishment) Kind of Nutrition in which organism do not possess the ability to synthesize their own food. They depend on autotrophs for their food supply directly or indirectly. Ex:- Animals. Fungi
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- 8. AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION Autotrophs :The organisms which can make their own food are called autotrophs (green plants). Photosynthesis : The process by which green plants make their own food with the help of CO2 and H2O in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight is also called photosynthesis. Raw Materials for Photosynthesis : CO2 H2O SUNLIGHT CHLOROPHYLL Site of Photosynthesis : Chloroplast in the leaf. Chloroplast contain chlorophyll. (green pigment).
- 9. Roots : Nophotosynthesis Chloroplast absent Young stem: photosynthesis takes place Leaves: Major site of photosynthesis SITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN PLANTS
- 10. Leaf: Anatomical adaptationof photosynthesis LEAF : ANATOMICAL ADAPTATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
- 11. Description Number andname of the part They are transparent to let light through to the cells below. 2. Epidermis Closely packed cells with lots of chloroplast. 3. Palisade tissue Cells with intercellular spaces allow gases to diffuse between stomata and palisade cells 4. Spongy tissue Prevents water loss by transpiration. 1. Cuticle Helps in transport of product of photosynthesis. 6. Phloem Cells change their shape to open and close the stomata. 8. Guard cells Tiny holes on the surface of leaf for gaseous exchange. 9. Stomata ROLE OF EACH PARTS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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- 13. THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANELLE Plant Cells have Green Chloroplasts Thethylakoid membrane of the chloroplast is impregnated with photosynthetic pigments (i.e., chlorophylls, carotenoids).
- 14. Palisade cell Photosynthesis occurs insideChloroplasts Guardcell and epidermal cell difference Role of intercellular spaces in spongy cells
- 15. LEAF CROSS SECTIONMESOPHYLLCELL LEAF Chloroplast Mesophyll CHLOROPLAST StromaGrana Thylakoid compartmentThylakoidStroma Intermembrane space Outer membrane Inner membrane Granum CHLOROPLASTS
- 16. PIGMENTS Chloroplasts containseveral pigments Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Carotenoids
- 17. Chloroplasts Location- Chloroplasts are the small disc-like/oval plastids/ cell organelles present in the green parts of plants. Membranes – double membrane (outer and inner) Stroma – Liquid matrix containing grana Grana – Stack of Thylakoids carrying pigments chlorophylls Stroma lamellae/Fret – Grana are joined by fret Pigments – Helps in harvesting light Starch – stored food. CHLOROPLASTs Intermembrane space Outer membrane Inner membrane Thylakoid compartmentThylakoidStroma Granum
- 18. How to drawchloroplast…..? ULTRA STRUCTURE OF CHLOROPLAST Which part of chloroplast give the different colours to leaf …..?
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- 22. STEPS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS (i) Absorptionof light energy by chlorophyll. (ii) Conversion of light energy to chemical energy and splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. (iii) Reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates
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- 24. What is theequation for photosynthesis? The reaction of photosynthesis can be represented by the following equation: CO2 H2O C6H12O6 O2+ + Is this a balanced equation? How would you balance the equation? 6 12 6 light energy chlorophyll carbon dioxide + water oxygen+glucose light energy chlorophyll What is the equation for this reaction? 6 H2O+ WHAT IS THE EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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- 26. HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION Kind ofnutrition of which organisms do not possess the ability to synthesize their own food. They depend on autotrophs for their food supply directly or indirectly. Eg. Animals, Fungi It is further subdivided into HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION SAPROPHYTIC PARASITIC HOLOZOIC
- 27. SAPROHYTIC & PARASITIC NUTRITION SAPHROPHYTIC: Organisms feed on dead decaying plants or animal materials. Ex:- Fungi, Bacteria. PARASITIC : Organisms obtain food from the body of another living (host). ENDOPARASITE : Parasite lives inside the body of the host, eg:- Tapeworm, Round worm, etc EXOPARASITE : Parasite lives on the body of the host, eg:- Lice, Leech.
- 28. HOLOZOIC NUTRITION HOLOZOIC :Organism (mostly animals) take in the whole food and then digest it into smaller particles with enzyme. Ex:- Amoeba, Paramoecium, Animals, Birds, Humans etc. Steps in Holozoic Nutrition Ingestion : Taking in of food. Digestion : Breaking down of complex food into simpler, absorbable form. Assimilation : Utilization of digested food from the body. Egestion : Removing undigested food from the body.
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- 34. SUMMARY NUTRITION AUTOTROPHIC & HETEROTROPHIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS : PROCESS BYWHICH AUTOTROPHS SYNTHESIZETHEIR OWN ENERGY RICH COMPOUNDS. RAW MATERIALSOF PHOTOSYNTHESIS INCLUDE CO2 H2O CHLOROPHYLL SUNLIGHT HETEROTROPHSARE ORGANIMSTHAT ARE UNABLETO SYNTHESIZETHEIR OWN ENERGY RICH COMPOUNDSAND INTURN DEPENDONAUTOTROPHS. DIGESTION IN HIGHER ORGANISMS INVOVLEDTHE BREAK DOWN OF COMPLEX SUBSTANCES INTO SIMPLER SUBTANCE.
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