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Lighting design
- 1. L I G H T I N D E S I G N Bhavika Goyal B.Sc InteriorDesign + 2 year Diploma Dezyne E’cole College www.dezyneecole.com
- 2. Project Report on Lighting Design Submittedto Dezyne E’cole College Towards the partial fulfillment for The award of Diploma in Interior Design As technical knowledge development of Commercial Space Planning Included with the Bachelor Degree Prpgram of Interior Design BY Bhavika Goyal Dezyne E’cole College 106/10, civil lines, Ajmer Tel – 0145 – 2624679 www.dezyneecole.com 2014 - 17
- 3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Every project bigor small is successful largely due to the effort of a number of wonderful people who have always given their valuable advice or lent a helping hand. I, Bhavika Goyal, student of Bachelor of science in Interior Design extremely grateful to Dezyne E'cole College for their coordination and cooperation and for their kind guidance and encouragement, and to my mentors for their sincere guidance . I also thank my parents and friends who have more or less contributed in the preparation of this project report. I will be always indebted to them. The study has indeed helped me to explore more knowledge avenues related to my topic. I am sure it will help me in future.
- 4. CONTENT 01 Introduction 02 Whywe require a light? 03 Types of Lighting 04 Natural Lighting 05 Artificial Lighting CRI06 FEATURES Colour Temperature07 Lighting Luminare08 Types of luminares09 Lighting in Interiors10
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- 6. LIGHTING DESIGN “Lighting playsa vital role in the quality of our daily lives. At work in offices, production or logistical facilities, good lighting brings employee satisfaction, performance, comfort and safety. In shops, galleries and public places, it creates ambience and helps to accentuates the architectural environment. “
- 7. • Light isa creative medium, the most powerful of all. Most of what we know of our world comes to us through our eyes, and the way we see things depends on how they are lighted. • Light plays a central role in the design of a visual environment: the architecture, people and objects are all made visible by the light. • Light influence our well-being, the aesthetic effect and the mood of the room or area. Light is that part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is perceived by our eyes. . INTRODUCTION-LIGHT
- 8. • It isthe light that first enables ”what we see”. Light defines zones and boundaries. Light expands and accentuates rooms. Light create links and delineates one area from another . WHY WE REQUIRE A LIGHT
- 9. • Lighting hasseveral functions. These are: Illumination: The simple ability to see what is occurring on. Any lighting design will be ineffective if the viewers cannot see the characters, unless this is the explicit intent. Revelation of form: Altering the perception of shapes on space, particularly three- dimensional elements. Focus: Directing the public attention to an area of the region or distracting them from another. Contrast: Lighting of an object or area so that it becomes brighter than its surroundings. Functionality: The level of illumination required for a particular application depends greatly upon seeing the task involved and upon the surrounding conditions. . WHY WE REQUIRE A LIGHT
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- 11. • There aretwo types of lighting 1. Natural Lighting 2. Artificial Lightin g TYPES OF LIGHTING NATURAL LIGHTING ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
- 12. • NATURAL LIGHTING Daylight(using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings. This can save energy in place of using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption in buildings. Proper lighting can enhance task performance, improve the appearance of an area, or have positive psychological effects on occupants. • Importance of Day lighting The two primary reasons for using daylight to meet the illumination requirements of an architectural space are the psychological benefits and the energy savings benefits. Good daylighting has been shown to improve the overall attitude, satisfaction and well being of building occupants. A number of research studies, a few of which are listed below, have shown a variety of benefits of daylighting in different building types and functions, among them improved retail sales in big box stores, increased worker productivity and reduced absenteeism in office buildings, improved student educational performance in K–12 schools, and improved patient recovery times in hospitals. Exposure to daylight has also been shown to improve general health and circadian rhythm. These psychological benefits can easily justify any extra design effort or added expense associated with introducing controlled daylight into buildings. . TYPES OF LIGHTING
- 13. • ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING Artificiallight sources are light sources which artificially combine just the necessary components of the optical spectrum. The way in which these components are combined determines the color rendering of the light source and thereby affects the way in which objects appear when illuminated with the light source . Artificial light can be created by combining red (R), green (G) and blue (B) components Changes in the RGB ratios change the characteristics of the light and therefore the mixture ratios of RGB fluorescent substances is an important point to be taken into consideration when creating artificial lights TYPES OF LIGHTING NEON LAMPS INCANDESCENT BULBS CFL BULBS HALOGEN BULBS SODIOUM BULBS LED BULBS
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- 15. GENERAL LIGHTING General lightingis the main source of illumination in a space. This uniform, base level of lighting can easily become the focus of energy reduction, as the light levels from other fixtures can be lowered, especially when using LED and CMH lamp sources. Recommended light levels for general lighting is 30 – 50 foot-candles TASK LIGHTING Task lighting is used to illuminate an area for a specific task; providing a focused, localized, and higher level of illumination. Necessary to the functioning of a space, it is important to use energy efficient sources to reduce operating costs. Task lighting is most effective when used as a supplement to general lighting in workspaces, conference areas and on counter tops. Effective task lighting should eliminate shadows on the specific illuminated area, while preventing glare from the lamp or off surfaces. Recommended light levels for task areas are 50 – 200 foot-candles. ACCENT LIGHTING Accent lighting creates a dramatic emphasis on the space using a focused, or point, light source or sources. It adds depth, contrast and creates a focal point for items to be displayed; it highlights shape, texture, finish and colour. If this light is directed ambiguously, the end result may have many unwanted shadows obstructing the details of the highlighted items as well as distracting glare. The key is to make this illumination more precise and of higher intensity than the surrounding ambient light. Track fixtures, recessed housings with adjustable trims and concealed adjustable illumination with point source lamps provide directional control and are especially effective for accent lighting. Recommended light levels for accent lighting are between 150 – 500 footcandles TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
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- 17. The colour renderingindex (CRI) Sometimes called rendition index, is a quantitative measure of the ability of a light source to reproduce the colour of various objects faithfully in comparison with an ideal or natural light source. Colour rendering: Effect of an illuminate on the colour appearance of objects by conscious or subconscious comparison with their colour appearance under a reference illuminate. A palette of specific colors is used, and the CRI calculation is the difference between each color sample illuminated by the test light source and the reference source. The group of samples is averaged, and a score between 0 and 100 is calculated, with 100 being the best match between light sources. The higher the CRI of a light source, the better – and more natural – colors appear. COLOUR RENDERING INDEX
- 18. The colour renderingindex (CRI) Sometimes called rendition index, is a quantitative measure of the ability of a light source to reproduce the colour of various objects faithfully in comparison with an ideal or natural light source. Colour rendering: Effect of an illuminate on the colour appearance of objects by conscious or subconscious comparison with their colour appearance under a reference illuminate. A palette of specific colors is used, and the CRI calculation is the difference between each color sample illuminated by the test light source and the reference source. The group of samples is averaged, and a score between 0 and 100 is calculated, with 100 being the best match between light sources. The higher the CRI of a light source, the better – and more natural – colors appear. COLOUR TEMPERATURE
- 19. LIGHTING LUMINAIRES ANDTHEIR TYPES
- 20. LUMINAIRE There are basicallytwo types of luminaries: •Stationary •Movable DIFFERENT LIGHT LUMINARIES ARE: Downlights Uplights Spotlights Tracklights Pendants Free standing Washers sconces
- 21. DOWNLIGHTS Down lighting ismost common, with fixtures on or recessed in the ceiling casting light downward. This tends to be the most used method, used in both offices and homes. Although it is easy to design it has dramatic problems with glare and excess energy consumption due to large number of fittings.
- 22. UPLIGHTS Often used tobounce indirect light off the ceiling and back down. It is commonly used in lighting applications that require minimal glare and uniform general luminance levels. Up lighting (indirect) uses a diffuse surface to reflect light in a space and can minimize disabling glare on computer displays and other dark glossy surfaces. It gives a more uniform presentation of the light output in operation. However indirect lighting is completely reliant upon the reflectance value of the surface. While indirect lighting can create a diffused and shadow free light effect it can be regarded as an uneconomical lighting principle.
- 23. PENDANTS These lights aregood choices for dining areas. They come in different finished and styles. They are very functional allowing people to see clearly what they are doing. They can add function and elegance to an otherwise busy area.
- 24. WASHERS Most of whatone actually sees, entering a room, are the vertical surfaces. The illumination requires asymmetric lighting fixtures, which, in a number of 3 or more in a line, can produce evenly illuminated walls. It is a tool mainly used by lighting designers , to create lighter spaces or making the rooms seem brighter or higher. Wallwashing is a popular name for a lighting design technique for illumination of large surfaces. It is mainly used with contemporary architecture; in public cultural buildings, museums and galleries; and in landscape lighting.
- 25. SPOTLIGHTS A lamp projectinga narrow, intense beam of light directly on to a place or person, especially a performer on stage. A strong, focused light thrown upon a particular spot, as on a small area of a stage or in a television studio, for making some object, person, or group especially conspicuous.
- 26. WALL SCONCES A sconceis a type of light fixture affixed to a wall in such a way that it uses only the wall for support, and the light is usually directed upwards, but not always. It does not have a base on the ground. Sconces can be placed on both the interior and exterior walls of buildings.
- 27. TRACKLIGHTS It is oneof the best lighting alternatives out there, it is a good solution for areas that are hard to illuminate or add lighting to. The system comes with individual lamps or lighting heads that fit into tracks which can be secured to the ceiling. There are different choices in shapes and lamp sizes: they can be good for modern contemporary and transitional designs. Track lighting is a method of lighting where light fixtures are attached anywhere on a continuous track device which contains electrical conductors.
- 28. FREE STAND LAMPS Itis used for mood lighting, the table lamps are best used in bedrooms and in the corner of the living room. They are available in various sizes, shapes and design.
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