SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Object System Lisp
overviewProgrammer interface conceptsClassesSlotsInheritanceGeneric functions and methodsIntroduction to generic functionsIntroduction to methodsStandard method classes and method objectsObject creation and initializationExtensions
Programmer interface conceptsThe common lisp open system(CLOS) is an object-oriented extension to Common Lisp.In the standard programmer interface of CLOS, we have,The first part, Programmer interface concepts
The second part, Functions in  programmers interface, contains a description of the functions and macros in CLOS programmers interface.
The third part, common lisp object system meta-object protocol, explains how the CLOS has to be customized.classesA class is an object that determines the structure and the behavior of a set of other objects, which are called its instances.A class can inherit structure and behavior from other classes.A class whose definition refers to other classes for the purpose of inheriting The classes that are designated for the purpose of inheritance are said to be the super classes of the inheriting class.
The function class-name takes a class object and returns its nameEach class has a class precedence list, which is the total ordering on the set of the given class and its super classes.The total ordering is a list ordered from the most specific to least specific.
Defining classesThe macro defmacro is used to define a new named class.The definition includesName of the new class.
List of the directed super classes of the new class
A set of slot specifiers
A set of class optionsThe generic function make-instance creates and returns a new instance of a class.
slotsAn object that has standard-class as its metaclass has zero or more slots.The slots of an object are determined by the class of the object.Each slot can hold one value.The default initial value of a slot is defined by the :initform slot option.
A local slot is the one that is visible to exactly one instance, namely the one in which the slot is allocated.A shared slot is defined to be a slot that is visible to more than one instance of a given class and its subclassesA slot can be accessed in two ways: by the use of primitive function slot-value.
By use of generic functions generated by the defclass form.InheritanceA class can inherit methods, slots and some defclass options from its super classes.A subclass inherits methods in the sense that any method applicable to all instances of a class is also applicable to all instances of any subclass of that class.Inheritance of class options:The :default-initargs class option is inheritedEx: ( defclass c1 ()        ((s1 :initform 5.4 :type number)          (s2 :allocation :class))) Instances of class c1 have a local slot named s1, whose default initial value is 5.4
s1 should always be a number.
Class c1 also has a shared slot named s2.(defclass c2 (c1)       ((s1 :initform 5 :type integer)        (s2 :allocation :instance)        (s3 :accessor c2-s3)))There is a local slot named s1 in instances of c2.
The default initial value of s1 is 5.
The value of s1 will be of type integer.
There are also local slots of named s2 and s3 in instances of c2.
The class c2 has a method for c2-s3 for reading the value of slot s3.Determining the class precedence ListThe defclass form for a class provides a total ordering on that class and its direct super classes.This ordering is called the local precedence order.The class precedence list for a class C is a total ordering on C and its super classes that is consistant with the local precedence orders for C and its super classes.
Class precedence list ArrayBit-vectorCharacterComplexConsFloatFunction*Hash-table*IntegerListNull
NumberPackage*Pathname*Random-state*RatioRationalReadtable*SequenceStream*StringSymboltvector
Introduction to generic functionsA generic function object contains a set of methods, lambda-list, a method combination type, and other information.A generic function can be given a global name using the defmethod and defgeneric construct.A generic function can be given a local name using generic-flet, generic-labels, or with-added-method special forms.
Introduction to methodsA method object contains a method function, a sequence of parameter specializes which specify when the given method is applicable, a lambda-list and a sequence of qualifiers.A method-defining form contains the code that is to be run when the arguments for the generic function cause the method that it defines to be invoked.
Congruent lambda-list for all methods of a generic function Each lambda-list must have the same number of required parametersEach lambda-list must have the same number of optional.If any lambda-list mentions &rest or &key, each lambda-list must mention one or both of them.If the generic function lambda-list mentions &key, each method must accept all of the keyword names mentioned after &key, either  by accepting them explicitly, by specifying &allow-other-keys, or by specifying &rest but and &key.
Standard method combinationStandard method combination is supported by the class standard-generic-function.Primary functions define the main action of the effective method, while auxiliary methods modify that action in one of three ways:A primary method has no method qualifier.An auxiliary method is a method whose method qualifier is :before, :after, or :aroundThe macro define-method-combination defines new forms of method combinations.It provides an effective method for customizing the production of the effective method.

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Refactoring bad codesmell
Refactoring bad codesmell
hyunglak kim
 
Lecture 4_Java Method-constructor_imp_keywords
Lecture 4_Java Method-constructor_imp_keywords
manish kumar
 
JAVA Notes - All major concepts covered with examples
JAVA Notes - All major concepts covered with examples
Sunil Kumar Gunasekaran
 
Unit3 part2-inheritance
Unit3 part2-inheritance
DevaKumari Vijay
 
Java session4
Java session4
Jigarthacker
 
Chapter 13 - Inheritance and Polymorphism
Chapter 13 - Inheritance and Polymorphism
Eduardo Bergavera
 
Lecture 8 abstract class and interface
Lecture 8 abstract class and interface
manish kumar
 
My c++
My c++
snathick
 
L7 inheritance
L7 inheritance
teach4uin
 
Inheritance and Polymorphism Java
Inheritance and Polymorphism Java
M. Raihan
 
Ppt on this and super keyword
Ppt on this and super keyword
tanu_jaswal
 
Unit3 inheritance
Unit3 inheritance
Kalai Selvi
 
Lecture - 3 Variables-data type_operators_oops concept
Lecture - 3 Variables-data type_operators_oops concept
manish kumar
 
Chapter 02: Classes Objects and Methods Java by Tushar B Kute
Chapter 02: Classes Objects and Methods Java by Tushar B Kute
Tushar B Kute
 
packages and interfaces
packages and interfaces
madhavi patil
 
Generics in java
Generics in java
suraj pandey
 
البرمجة الهدفية بلغة جافا - الوراثة
البرمجة الهدفية بلغة جافا - الوراثة
Mahmoud Alfarra
 
Seminar on java
Seminar on java
shathika
 
Java Generics
Java Generics
DeeptiJava
 
Class and object
Class and object
prabhat kumar
 
Refactoring bad codesmell
Refactoring bad codesmell
hyunglak kim
 
Lecture 4_Java Method-constructor_imp_keywords
Lecture 4_Java Method-constructor_imp_keywords
manish kumar
 
JAVA Notes - All major concepts covered with examples
JAVA Notes - All major concepts covered with examples
Sunil Kumar Gunasekaran
 
Chapter 13 - Inheritance and Polymorphism
Chapter 13 - Inheritance and Polymorphism
Eduardo Bergavera
 
Lecture 8 abstract class and interface
Lecture 8 abstract class and interface
manish kumar
 
L7 inheritance
L7 inheritance
teach4uin
 
Inheritance and Polymorphism Java
Inheritance and Polymorphism Java
M. Raihan
 
Ppt on this and super keyword
Ppt on this and super keyword
tanu_jaswal
 
Unit3 inheritance
Unit3 inheritance
Kalai Selvi
 
Lecture - 3 Variables-data type_operators_oops concept
Lecture - 3 Variables-data type_operators_oops concept
manish kumar
 
Chapter 02: Classes Objects and Methods Java by Tushar B Kute
Chapter 02: Classes Objects and Methods Java by Tushar B Kute
Tushar B Kute
 
packages and interfaces
packages and interfaces
madhavi patil
 
البرمجة الهدفية بلغة جافا - الوراثة
البرمجة الهدفية بلغة جافا - الوراثة
Mahmoud Alfarra
 
Seminar on java
Seminar on java
shathika
 

Viewers also liked (20)

AI: Logic in AI 2
AI: Logic in AI 2
DataminingTools Inc
 
Bind How To
Bind How To
cntlinux
 
RapidMiner: Advanced Processes And Operators
RapidMiner: Advanced Processes And Operators
DataminingTools Inc
 
MS Sql Server: Doing Calculations With Functions
MS Sql Server: Doing Calculations With Functions
DataminingTools Inc
 
Matlab Text Files
Matlab Text Files
DataminingTools Inc
 
C,C++ In Matlab
C,C++ In Matlab
DataminingTools Inc
 
Paramount Search Partners
Paramount Search Partners
jjmcdermott
 
Facebook: An Innovative Influenza Pandemic Early Warning System
Facebook: An Innovative Influenza Pandemic Early Warning System
Chen Luo
 
LISP:Loops In Lisp
LISP:Loops In Lisp
DataminingTools Inc
 
How To Make Pb J
How To Make Pb J
spencer shanks
 
RapidMiner: Setting Up A Process
RapidMiner: Setting Up A Process
DataminingTools Inc
 
R Environment
R Environment
DataminingTools Inc
 
MySql:Basics
MySql:Basics
DataminingTools Inc
 
LíRica Latina 2ºBac Lara Lozano
LíRica Latina 2ºBac Lara Lozano
lara
 
SPSS: Quick Look
SPSS: Quick Look
DataminingTools Inc
 
Ccc
Ccc
msprincess915
 
Pentaho: Reporting Solution Development
Pentaho: Reporting Solution Development
DataminingTools Inc
 
Control Statements in Matlab
Control Statements in Matlab
DataminingTools Inc
 
Direct-services portfolio
Direct-services portfolio
vlastakolaja
 
Graph Plots in Matlab
Graph Plots in Matlab
DataminingTools Inc
 
Ad

Similar to LISP:Object System Lisp (20)

Meta Object Protocols
Meta Object Protocols
Pierre de Lacaze
 
Object oriented basics
Object oriented basics
vamshimahi
 
LISP: Data types in lisp
LISP: Data types in lisp
DataminingTools Inc
 
LISP: Data types in lisp
LISP: Data types in lisp
LISP Content
 
Objectorientedprogrammingmodel1
Objectorientedprogrammingmodel1
bharath yelugula
 
Ruby Internals
Ruby Internals
Burke Libbey
 
Classes & objects new
Classes & objects new
lykado0dles
 
Euclideus_Language
Euclideus_Language
Justin Gagnon
 
LISP: Type specifiers in lisp
LISP: Type specifiers in lisp
DataminingTools Inc
 
LISP: Type specifiers in lisp
LISP: Type specifiers in lisp
LISP Content
 
Delphi qa
Delphi qa
sandy14234
 
Oop basic concepts
Oop basic concepts
Swarup Kumar Boro
 
Object oriented Programming ____ABAP.docx
Object oriented Programming ____ABAP.docx
dileepab99
 
Ruby
Ruby
Kerry Buckley
 
Rubyforjavaprogrammers 1210167973516759-9
Rubyforjavaprogrammers 1210167973516759-9
sagaroceanic11
 
Rubyforjavaprogrammers 1210167973516759-9
Rubyforjavaprogrammers 1210167973516759-9
sagaroceanic11
 
Introduction To Lisp
Introduction To Lisp
kyleburton
 
Ruby object model
Ruby object model
Chamnap Chhorn
 
Anton Kasyanov, Introduction to Python, Lecture5
Anton Kasyanov, Introduction to Python, Lecture5
Anton Kasyanov
 
Ruby — An introduction
Ruby — An introduction
Gonçalo Silva
 
Object oriented basics
Object oriented basics
vamshimahi
 
LISP: Data types in lisp
LISP: Data types in lisp
LISP Content
 
Objectorientedprogrammingmodel1
Objectorientedprogrammingmodel1
bharath yelugula
 
Classes & objects new
Classes & objects new
lykado0dles
 
LISP: Type specifiers in lisp
LISP: Type specifiers in lisp
LISP Content
 
Object oriented Programming ____ABAP.docx
Object oriented Programming ____ABAP.docx
dileepab99
 
Rubyforjavaprogrammers 1210167973516759-9
Rubyforjavaprogrammers 1210167973516759-9
sagaroceanic11
 
Rubyforjavaprogrammers 1210167973516759-9
Rubyforjavaprogrammers 1210167973516759-9
sagaroceanic11
 
Introduction To Lisp
Introduction To Lisp
kyleburton
 
Anton Kasyanov, Introduction to Python, Lecture5
Anton Kasyanov, Introduction to Python, Lecture5
Anton Kasyanov
 
Ruby — An introduction
Ruby — An introduction
Gonçalo Silva
 
Ad

More from DataminingTools Inc (20)

Terminology Machine Learning
Terminology Machine Learning
DataminingTools Inc
 
Techniques Machine Learning
Techniques Machine Learning
DataminingTools Inc
 
Machine learning Introduction
Machine learning Introduction
DataminingTools Inc
 
Areas of machine leanring
Areas of machine leanring
DataminingTools Inc
 
AI: Planning and AI
AI: Planning and AI
DataminingTools Inc
 
AI: Logic in AI
AI: Logic in AI
DataminingTools Inc
 
AI: Learning in AI 2
AI: Learning in AI 2
DataminingTools Inc
 
AI: Learning in AI
AI: Learning in AI
DataminingTools Inc
 
AI: Introduction to artificial intelligence
AI: Introduction to artificial intelligence
DataminingTools Inc
 
AI: Belief Networks
AI: Belief Networks
DataminingTools Inc
 
AI: AI & Searching
AI: AI & Searching
DataminingTools Inc
 
AI: AI & Problem Solving
AI: AI & Problem Solving
DataminingTools Inc
 
Data Mining: Text and web mining
Data Mining: Text and web mining
DataminingTools Inc
 
Data Mining: Outlier analysis
Data Mining: Outlier analysis
DataminingTools Inc
 
Data Mining: Mining stream time series and sequence data
Data Mining: Mining stream time series and sequence data
DataminingTools Inc
 
Data Mining: Mining ,associations, and correlations
Data Mining: Mining ,associations, and correlations
DataminingTools Inc
 
Data Mining: Graph mining and social network analysis
Data Mining: Graph mining and social network analysis
DataminingTools Inc
 
Data warehouse and olap technology
Data warehouse and olap technology
DataminingTools Inc
 
Data Mining: Data processing
Data Mining: Data processing
DataminingTools Inc
 
Data Mining: clustering and analysis
Data Mining: clustering and analysis
DataminingTools Inc
 
AI: Introduction to artificial intelligence
AI: Introduction to artificial intelligence
DataminingTools Inc
 
Data Mining: Text and web mining
Data Mining: Text and web mining
DataminingTools Inc
 
Data Mining: Mining stream time series and sequence data
Data Mining: Mining stream time series and sequence data
DataminingTools Inc
 
Data Mining: Mining ,associations, and correlations
Data Mining: Mining ,associations, and correlations
DataminingTools Inc
 
Data Mining: Graph mining and social network analysis
Data Mining: Graph mining and social network analysis
DataminingTools Inc
 
Data warehouse and olap technology
Data warehouse and olap technology
DataminingTools Inc
 
Data Mining: clustering and analysis
Data Mining: clustering and analysis
DataminingTools Inc
 

Recently uploaded (20)

ISOIEC 42005 Revolutionalises AI Impact Assessment.pptx
ISOIEC 42005 Revolutionalises AI Impact Assessment.pptx
AyilurRamnath1
 
“How Qualcomm Is Powering AI-driven Multimedia at the Edge,” a Presentation f...
“How Qualcomm Is Powering AI-driven Multimedia at the Edge,” a Presentation f...
Edge AI and Vision Alliance
 
Integration of Utility Data into 3D BIM Models Using a 3D Solids Modeling Wor...
Integration of Utility Data into 3D BIM Models Using a 3D Solids Modeling Wor...
Safe Software
 
Establish Visibility and Manage Risk in the Supply Chain with Anchore SBOM
Establish Visibility and Manage Risk in the Supply Chain with Anchore SBOM
Anchore
 
vertical-cnc-processing-centers-drillteq-v-200-en.pdf
vertical-cnc-processing-centers-drillteq-v-200-en.pdf
AmirStern2
 
TrustArc Webinar - 2025 Global Privacy Survey
TrustArc Webinar - 2025 Global Privacy Survey
TrustArc
 
Your startup on AWS - How to architect and maintain a Lean and Mean account J...
Your startup on AWS - How to architect and maintain a Lean and Mean account J...
angelo60207
 
ELNL2025 - Unlocking the Power of Sensitivity Labels - A Comprehensive Guide....
ELNL2025 - Unlocking the Power of Sensitivity Labels - A Comprehensive Guide....
Jasper Oosterveld
 
LSNIF: Locally-Subdivided Neural Intersection Function
LSNIF: Locally-Subdivided Neural Intersection Function
Takahiro Harada
 
Down the Rabbit Hole – Solving 5 Training Roadblocks
Down the Rabbit Hole – Solving 5 Training Roadblocks
Rustici Software
 
Agentic AI: Beyond the Buzz- LangGraph Studio V2
Agentic AI: Beyond the Buzz- LangGraph Studio V2
Shashikant Jagtap
 
Improving Developer Productivity With DORA, SPACE, and DevEx
Improving Developer Productivity With DORA, SPACE, and DevEx
Justin Reock
 
DevOps in the Modern Era - Thoughtfully Critical Podcast
DevOps in the Modern Era - Thoughtfully Critical Podcast
Chris Wahl
 
GIS and FME: The Foundation to Improve the Locate Process of Utilities
GIS and FME: The Foundation to Improve the Locate Process of Utilities
Safe Software
 
Soulmaite review - Find Real AI soulmate review
Soulmaite review - Find Real AI soulmate review
Soulmaite
 
Domino IQ – Was Sie erwartet, erste Schritte und Anwendungsfälle
Domino IQ – Was Sie erwartet, erste Schritte und Anwendungsfälle
panagenda
 
How Advanced Environmental Detection Is Revolutionizing Oil & Gas Safety.pdf
How Advanced Environmental Detection Is Revolutionizing Oil & Gas Safety.pdf
Rejig Digital
 
Mastering AI Workflows with FME - Peak of Data & AI 2025
Mastering AI Workflows with FME - Peak of Data & AI 2025
Safe Software
 
If You Use Databricks, You Definitely Need FME
If You Use Databricks, You Definitely Need FME
Safe Software
 
End-to-end Assurance for SD-WAN & SASE with ThousandEyes
End-to-end Assurance for SD-WAN & SASE with ThousandEyes
ThousandEyes
 
ISOIEC 42005 Revolutionalises AI Impact Assessment.pptx
ISOIEC 42005 Revolutionalises AI Impact Assessment.pptx
AyilurRamnath1
 
“How Qualcomm Is Powering AI-driven Multimedia at the Edge,” a Presentation f...
“How Qualcomm Is Powering AI-driven Multimedia at the Edge,” a Presentation f...
Edge AI and Vision Alliance
 
Integration of Utility Data into 3D BIM Models Using a 3D Solids Modeling Wor...
Integration of Utility Data into 3D BIM Models Using a 3D Solids Modeling Wor...
Safe Software
 
Establish Visibility and Manage Risk in the Supply Chain with Anchore SBOM
Establish Visibility and Manage Risk in the Supply Chain with Anchore SBOM
Anchore
 
vertical-cnc-processing-centers-drillteq-v-200-en.pdf
vertical-cnc-processing-centers-drillteq-v-200-en.pdf
AmirStern2
 
TrustArc Webinar - 2025 Global Privacy Survey
TrustArc Webinar - 2025 Global Privacy Survey
TrustArc
 
Your startup on AWS - How to architect and maintain a Lean and Mean account J...
Your startup on AWS - How to architect and maintain a Lean and Mean account J...
angelo60207
 
ELNL2025 - Unlocking the Power of Sensitivity Labels - A Comprehensive Guide....
ELNL2025 - Unlocking the Power of Sensitivity Labels - A Comprehensive Guide....
Jasper Oosterveld
 
LSNIF: Locally-Subdivided Neural Intersection Function
LSNIF: Locally-Subdivided Neural Intersection Function
Takahiro Harada
 
Down the Rabbit Hole – Solving 5 Training Roadblocks
Down the Rabbit Hole – Solving 5 Training Roadblocks
Rustici Software
 
Agentic AI: Beyond the Buzz- LangGraph Studio V2
Agentic AI: Beyond the Buzz- LangGraph Studio V2
Shashikant Jagtap
 
Improving Developer Productivity With DORA, SPACE, and DevEx
Improving Developer Productivity With DORA, SPACE, and DevEx
Justin Reock
 
DevOps in the Modern Era - Thoughtfully Critical Podcast
DevOps in the Modern Era - Thoughtfully Critical Podcast
Chris Wahl
 
GIS and FME: The Foundation to Improve the Locate Process of Utilities
GIS and FME: The Foundation to Improve the Locate Process of Utilities
Safe Software
 
Soulmaite review - Find Real AI soulmate review
Soulmaite review - Find Real AI soulmate review
Soulmaite
 
Domino IQ – Was Sie erwartet, erste Schritte und Anwendungsfälle
Domino IQ – Was Sie erwartet, erste Schritte und Anwendungsfälle
panagenda
 
How Advanced Environmental Detection Is Revolutionizing Oil & Gas Safety.pdf
How Advanced Environmental Detection Is Revolutionizing Oil & Gas Safety.pdf
Rejig Digital
 
Mastering AI Workflows with FME - Peak of Data & AI 2025
Mastering AI Workflows with FME - Peak of Data & AI 2025
Safe Software
 
If You Use Databricks, You Definitely Need FME
If You Use Databricks, You Definitely Need FME
Safe Software
 
End-to-end Assurance for SD-WAN & SASE with ThousandEyes
End-to-end Assurance for SD-WAN & SASE with ThousandEyes
ThousandEyes
 

LISP:Object System Lisp

  • 2. overviewProgrammer interface conceptsClassesSlotsInheritanceGeneric functions and methodsIntroduction to generic functionsIntroduction to methodsStandard method classes and method objectsObject creation and initializationExtensions
  • 3. Programmer interface conceptsThe common lisp open system(CLOS) is an object-oriented extension to Common Lisp.In the standard programmer interface of CLOS, we have,The first part, Programmer interface concepts
  • 4. The second part, Functions in programmers interface, contains a description of the functions and macros in CLOS programmers interface.
  • 5. The third part, common lisp object system meta-object protocol, explains how the CLOS has to be customized.classesA class is an object that determines the structure and the behavior of a set of other objects, which are called its instances.A class can inherit structure and behavior from other classes.A class whose definition refers to other classes for the purpose of inheriting The classes that are designated for the purpose of inheritance are said to be the super classes of the inheriting class.
  • 6. The function class-name takes a class object and returns its nameEach class has a class precedence list, which is the total ordering on the set of the given class and its super classes.The total ordering is a list ordered from the most specific to least specific.
  • 7. Defining classesThe macro defmacro is used to define a new named class.The definition includesName of the new class.
  • 8. List of the directed super classes of the new class
  • 9. A set of slot specifiers
  • 10. A set of class optionsThe generic function make-instance creates and returns a new instance of a class.
  • 11. slotsAn object that has standard-class as its metaclass has zero or more slots.The slots of an object are determined by the class of the object.Each slot can hold one value.The default initial value of a slot is defined by the :initform slot option.
  • 12. A local slot is the one that is visible to exactly one instance, namely the one in which the slot is allocated.A shared slot is defined to be a slot that is visible to more than one instance of a given class and its subclassesA slot can be accessed in two ways: by the use of primitive function slot-value.
  • 13. By use of generic functions generated by the defclass form.InheritanceA class can inherit methods, slots and some defclass options from its super classes.A subclass inherits methods in the sense that any method applicable to all instances of a class is also applicable to all instances of any subclass of that class.Inheritance of class options:The :default-initargs class option is inheritedEx: ( defclass c1 () ((s1 :initform 5.4 :type number) (s2 :allocation :class))) Instances of class c1 have a local slot named s1, whose default initial value is 5.4
  • 14. s1 should always be a number.
  • 15. Class c1 also has a shared slot named s2.(defclass c2 (c1) ((s1 :initform 5 :type integer) (s2 :allocation :instance) (s3 :accessor c2-s3)))There is a local slot named s1 in instances of c2.
  • 16. The default initial value of s1 is 5.
  • 17. The value of s1 will be of type integer.
  • 18. There are also local slots of named s2 and s3 in instances of c2.
  • 19. The class c2 has a method for c2-s3 for reading the value of slot s3.Determining the class precedence ListThe defclass form for a class provides a total ordering on that class and its direct super classes.This ordering is called the local precedence order.The class precedence list for a class C is a total ordering on C and its super classes that is consistant with the local precedence orders for C and its super classes.
  • 20. Class precedence list ArrayBit-vectorCharacterComplexConsFloatFunction*Hash-table*IntegerListNull
  • 22. Introduction to generic functionsA generic function object contains a set of methods, lambda-list, a method combination type, and other information.A generic function can be given a global name using the defmethod and defgeneric construct.A generic function can be given a local name using generic-flet, generic-labels, or with-added-method special forms.
  • 23. Introduction to methodsA method object contains a method function, a sequence of parameter specializes which specify when the given method is applicable, a lambda-list and a sequence of qualifiers.A method-defining form contains the code that is to be run when the arguments for the generic function cause the method that it defines to be invoked.
  • 24. Congruent lambda-list for all methods of a generic function Each lambda-list must have the same number of required parametersEach lambda-list must have the same number of optional.If any lambda-list mentions &rest or &key, each lambda-list must mention one or both of them.If the generic function lambda-list mentions &key, each method must accept all of the keyword names mentioned after &key, either by accepting them explicitly, by specifying &allow-other-keys, or by specifying &rest but and &key.
  • 25. Standard method combinationStandard method combination is supported by the class standard-generic-function.Primary functions define the main action of the effective method, while auxiliary methods modify that action in one of three ways:A primary method has no method qualifier.An auxiliary method is a method whose method qualifier is :before, :after, or :aroundThe macro define-method-combination defines new forms of method combinations.It provides an effective method for customizing the production of the effective method.
  • 26. Meta objectsThe meta-object protocol specifies a set of generic functions defined by methods on classes.The instances of these classes on which those methods are defined are called meta-objects.The metaclass determines the representation of instances of its instances and the forms of inheritance used by its instances for slot descriptions and method inheritance.
  • 27. Standard Meta-classes and objectsThe common lisp provides a set of meta-classes which includeStandard-class (default class)
  • 28. Built-in-class (instances are classes that have special implementations with restricted capabilities)
  • 29. Structure-class (all classes defined by means of defstruct are instances of structure-class)Set of metaobjects provided by the common lisp include:Standard-method (default class of methods)
  • 31. instance of the class standard class
  • 32. Method-combination (every method combination object is an instance of a subclass of the class method-combination)Object creation and initializationThe generic function make-instance creates and returns a new instance of a class.The first argument is a class or the name of the class , and the remaining arguments form an initialization argument list.An initialization argument controls object creation and initialization.Keyword symbols are used to make initialization objects.A default value form can be used for an initialization argument by using the :default-initargs class option.
  • 33. Rules to specify when initialization arguments may be multiply defined:A given initialization argument can be used to initialize more than one slot if the same initialization argument name appears in more than one :initarg slot option.A given initialization argument name can appear in the lambda-list of more than one initialization method.A given initialization argument name can appear in an :initarg slot option and in the lambda-list of an initialization method.
  • 34. Redefining a classA class that is an instance of standard-class can be redefined if the new class will also be an instance of standard-class.Redefining modifies the existing class object, it does not create a new class object for the class.Any method object created by :reader, :writer, or :accessor option specified by the old defclass form the corresponding generic functions and methods specified by the new defclass form are added.
  • 35. extensionsThere are two extensions allowed for class redefinition:The object system may be extended to permit the new class to be an instance of a metaclass other than the metaclass of the old class.
  • 36. The object system may be extended to support an updating process when either the old or new class is an instance of a class other than standard-class that is not a built-in class.Visit more self help tutorialsPick a tutorial of your choice and browse through it at your own pace.The tutorials section is free, self-guiding and will not involve any additional support.Visit us at www.dataminingtools.net