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Xx.
MEASURED DRAWING 2017 (ARC60305) | KEDAH ROYAL MUSEUM
Figure 5.55 Pointed arch on the Sultan’s entrance staircase (Sii, 2017)
Figure 5.56 North West Elevation Drawing (TRM, 2017)
Figure 5.57 Arch with ornamentation (Sii, 2017)
Figure 5.58 Arches on the front entrance façade (How, 2017)
Figure 5.59 Pointed arch on the Sultan’s entrance staircase (Sii, 2017)
Figure 5.60 Timber flooring construction details (Koh, 2017)
Figure 5.61 Timber stilt construction details (Renovate, 2008)
Figure 5.62 Timber flooring plan of Kedah Royal Museum (Koh, 2017)
Figure 5.63 The floor bearing beam is placed on the middle top of column (Home Buidng Answer, 2008)
Figure 5.64 Section details of flooring (Koh, 2017)
Figure 5.65 Column functioned as stilt (Wong, 2017)
Figure 5.66 Flooring bearing is laid on the column (Wong, 2017)
Figure 5.67 Mortice and Tenon joint method (Roy Beardmore, 2009)
Figure 5.68 Connection between floor joist and bearer (Sii, 2017)
Figure 5.69 Connection between floor joist, bearer and column (Sii, 2017)

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Xxii
Figure 5.85 Plan view of concrete staircase on veranda (Koh, 2017)
Figure 5.86 Elevation view of concrete staircase on veranda (Koh, 2017)
Figure 5.87 Construction details of concrete staircase on veranda (Koh, 2017)
Figure 5.88 Roof overview (How, 2017)
Figure 5.89 The construction details of the roof in the exterior. (Chong, 2017)
Figure 5.90 Roof details (Renovate, 2008)
Figure 5.91 The construction details of clay roof tiles. (InspectApedia)
Figure 5.92 Roof construction details (Koh, 2017)
Figure 5.93 Roof system section view (Koh, 2017)
Figure 5.94 Roof construction details (Koh, 2017)
Figure 5.95 Hanging veranda with extended roof (Lim, 2017)
Figure 5.96 Overhang roof above a timber staircase on outdoor of Kedah Royal Museum (Lim, 2017)
Figure 5.97 Connection method of column and roof bearer is Mortice and Tenoin joint (Sii, 2017)
Figure 5.98 Beam and post of overhang roof on timber staircase (Lim, 2017)

Figure 5.99 The joint of roof bearer and column (Sii, 2017)
Figure 5.100 Common truss used in Kedah Royal Museum (Chin, 2017)
Figure 5.101 Raised tie king post truss used in Kedah Royal Museum (Chong, 2017)
Figure 5.102 Raised tie king post truss construction details (Civil Engineers Forum, 2016)
Figure 5.103 Joint of common truss with roof (Chin, 2017)
Figure 5.104 Joint of common truss with beam (Chin, 2017)
Figure 5.105 Joint method of roof supporting system in veranda (Sii, 2017)
Figure 5.106 Details of rafter, roof bearer and column in veranda (Chin, 2017)
Figure 5.107 Joint system of roof bearer and column in veranda (Chin, 2017)
Figure 5.108 Joint system of roof bearer, beams and column inside of Kedah Royal Museum (Sii, 2017)
Figure 5.109 Joint method of roof supporting system on interior of museum (Sii, 2017)
Chapter 6 Comparison
Figure 6.1 Location of Kedah Royal Museum (Google Maps)
Figure 6.2 Location of Istana Bandar (Google Maps)
Figure 6.3 Marble staircase tiles (AmericanGraniteOnline)
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XXiv.
Figure 6.4 Terracotta roof tiles (Pak Clay Industry, 2010)
Figure 6.5 Roof overview (How, 2017)
Figure 6.6 Ceiling overview (Chong, 2017)
Figure 6.7 Roof overview (Jian Jun, 2015)
Figure 6.8 Ceiling overview (Jian Jun, 2015)
Figure 6.9 Colonial style Door (Lim Shen, 2017)
Figure 6.10 Shutter Window (Lim Shen, 2017)
Figure 6.11 Mughal style Door (Jian Jun, 2015)
Figure 6.12 Moorish style Window (Jian Jun, 2015)
Figure 6.13 Fusion Gate Frame (Lim, 2017)
Figure 6.14 Colonial style Column (Pe, 2017)
Figure 6.15 Mughal style gate frame (Jian Jun, 2015)
Figure 6.16 Moorish style column (Jian Jun, 2015)

A
Adorned - to decorate or add beauty to, as by ornaments
Adjacent - just before, after, or facing
Adjoining - being in contact at some point or line; located next to
another; bordering; contiguous:
Attic - the part of a building, especially of a house, directly under a
roof; garret. / a low story or decorative wall above an entablature or
the main cornice of a building.
B
Balustrades - a railing with supporting balusters/ spindle.
C
Ceded - to yield or formally surrender to another
Conjunction - the act of conjoining; combination
Corrosion - a product of corroding, as rust
Coronet - an ornament, more or less pedimental in form, situated
over a door or window
Cultivation - culture; refinement.
glossary
glossary
172.
9
Curvilinear - formed or characterized by curved lines
D
Degradations - In Chemistry term, the breakdown of an organic
compound.(the act of degrading, as noun)
Deterioration - to make or become worse or inferior in character,
quality, value, etc.(the act or process of deteriorating)
Distinctive - having a special quality, style, attractiveness, etc.;
notable
E
Elliptical - pertaining to or having the form of an ellipse
Embedded - to surround tightly or firmly; envelop or enclose/ to fix
into a surrounding mass
Embellishment - to beautify by or as if by ornamentation; ornament
(the act of embellishing)
Encompass - to form a circle about; encircle; surround
Entourage - the landscaping and other nearby environmental
featuresshown on a rendering of a building

F
Flanking - Fortification: the right or left side of a work or fortification.
/ to stand or be placed or posted at the flank or side of
Fortification - the act of fortifying or strengthening
G
Gable - the portion of the front or side of a building enclosed by or
masking theend of a pitched roof.
Gourd - a gourd-shaped, small- necked bottle or flask.
Grandeur - the quality or state of being exalted in some deliberate
way
Grid - a rectangular system of coordinates used in locating the
principal elements of a plan
H
Halving - to divide into two equal parts
I
Inadequate - not adequate or sufficient; inept or unsuitable
glossary
173.
Indigenous - originating in and characteristic of a particular region or
country; native
Inducement - to lead or move by persuasion or influence, as to some
action or state of mind (the act of inducing)
Impulsive - having the power or effect of impelling; characterized by
impulsion
Instigated - to urge, provoke, or incite to some action or course
Interpretation - an explanation of the meaning of another’s artistic or
creative work; anelucidation
Intricate - having many interrelated parts or facets; entangled or
involved
L
Lineage - the line of descendants of a particular ancestor; family
Louvers - any of a series of narrow openings framed at their longer
edges withslanting, overlapping fins or slas, adjustable for admitting
light and airwhile shutting out rain.
Lustre - a shining object, especially one used for decoration, as a
cut-glass pendant or ornament

M
Mansard - a hip roof, each face of which has a steeperlower part and
a shallower upper part
Mausoleum - a burial place for the bodies or remains of many
individuals, often of a single family, usually in the form of a small
building
Motif - a distinctive and recurring form, shape, figure, etc., in a
design, as in a painting, carvings or on wallpaper.
N
Newel - the horizontal section of railing at the upper or lowered
O
Opium - the dried, condensed juice of a poppy, Papaver
somniferous
that has anarcotic, soporific, analgesic, and astringent effect and
contains morphine, codeine, papaverine, and other alkaloids used in
medicine in their isolated or derived forms: a narcotic substance,
poisonous in large doses.
P
Patriarchal - of or relating to a patriarch, the male head of a family,
tribe, community, church, order, etc.:
GLOSSARY
174.
Penetrate - to pierce or pass into or through/ to enter the interior of
Pinnacles - a relatively small, upright structure, commonly
terminating in a gable, a pyramid, or a cone, rising above the roof or
coping of abuilding, or capping a tower, buttress, or other projecting
architectural member.
Protruding - to thrust forward; cause to project
R
Recrystallization - In Metallurgy, to acquire a new granular structure
with newcrystals because of plastic deformation, as when
hot-worked
Resin - a substance of this type obtained from certain pines; rosin
Ridge - the horizontal line in which the tops of the rafters of a roof
meet
Rigid - stiff or unyielding; not pliant or flexible; hard
S
Salient - projecting or pointing outward
Savour - the quality in a substance that affects the sense of taste or
of smell

contents
contents
Declaration
Acknowledgement
List of Figures and Diagrams
Table of Contents
Abstract
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Introduction to Research
1.2 Aims and Objectives of Research
1.3 Materials and Equipments
1.4 Limitations
1.5 Methodology
2.0 Site Background
2.1 Malaysia
2.1.1 Social Economy
2.1.2 Architecture
2.2 Kedah
2.2.1 History of Kedah
2.2.2 Geography
2.2.3 Climate
2.2.4 Economy
2.2.5 Social and Cultural Context
2.2.6 Architecture
I
II
III
1
2
3
4
6
7
12
18
19
19
20
22
25
13

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XXi.
Figure 5.70The arrangement of floor joist (Sii, 2017)
Figure 5.71 Interior timber staircase (Wong, 2017)
Figure 5.72 Exterior timber staircase (Tan, 2107)
Figure 5.73 Plan view of timber staircase (Koh, 2017)
Figure 5.74 Elevation view of timber staircase (Koh, 2017)
Figure 5.75 Cconstruction details of timber staircase (Koh, 2017)
Figure 5.76 Construction details and method of timber staircase (Ritchie)
Figure 5.77 Back view of timber staircase (Sii, 2017)
Figure 5.78 Details of timber staircase (Sii, 2017)
Figure 5.79 Details of timber staircase (Sii, 2017)
Figure 5.80 Concrete staircase on the veranda (Tan, 2017)
Figure 5.81 Concrete staircase with marble tiles on the museum entrance (Sii, 2017)
Figure 5.82 Timber staircase with concrete railing on the Sultan entrance (Sii, 2017)
Figure 5.83 The side view of museum entrance concrete staircase (Tan, 2017)
Figure 5.84 The side view of Sultan entrance concrete staircase (Sii, 2017)

contents
2.3 Alor Setar
2.3.1 Demography
2.3.2 Geography
2.3.3 Climate
2.3.4 History
3.0 Historical Background
3.1 Sultanate of Kedah
3.1.1 Descendants of the Sultans
3.1.2 Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu’azam Shah (1735-1778)
3.1.3 Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah II (1778-1797)
3.1.4 Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II (1804-1845)
3.1.5 Sultan Zainal Rashid Al-Mu'adzam Shah I (1845-1854)
3.1.6 Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah III (1854-1879)
3.1.7 Sultan Zainal Rashid Mu’adzam Shah II (1879-1881)
3.1.8 Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah (1882-1943)
3.2 Kedah Royal Museum
3.2.1 Geography
3.2.2 Evolution of Building’s Function
3.2.3 Summary of Historical Timeline
3.3 Changes to the building
3.3.1 Invasion of Bugis, Siamese, Japanese
3.3.2 Extension of building
3.3.3 Conservation works
27
33
30
33
35
37
38
39
45
47
40`
27
28
29
34
35
36
44
49

4.0 Architectural Development
4.1 Influences
4.1.1 Architectural Influences
4.1.2 Cultural Influences
4.2 Site Context
4.2.1 Significant buildings/ landmarks
4.2.2 Hardscape
4.2.3 Softscape
4.2.4 Additional Features
4.3 Design Concept
4.4 Spatial Planning
4.4.1 Massing
4.4.2 Classification of spaces
4.4.3 Activities in spaces
4.4.4 Circulation
4.5 Design Principles
4.6 Ornamentation
4.6.1 Interior
4.6.2 Exterior
contents
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61
60
64
66
68
70
72
75
78
89
100
93
51
55
74
85

4.7 Materials
4.7.1 Material Handling Technique
4.8 Climate Considerations
4.8.1 Tropical Building Design Consideration in Kedah Royal Museum
5.0 Building Details
5.1 Structural Components
5.2 Construction Details
6.0 Comparisons
7.0 Conclusion
8.0 References
Glossary
9.0 Appendix
Photobook
Scaled Drawings
contents
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117
176
122
136
154
162
163
172
113
119

Secular - of or relating to worldly things or to things that are not
regarded asreligious, spiritual, or sacred; temporal
Shrinkage - reduction or depreciation in quantity, value
Sovereignty - supreme and independent power or authority in
government as possessed or claimed by a state or community
Stilt - one of two poles, each with a support for the foot at some
distance above the bottom end, enabling the wearer to walk with his
or her feet above the ground.
Streak - a portion or layer of something, distinguished by color or
nature from the rest; a vein or stratum
Susceptible - admitting or capable of some specified treatment
T
Thrives - to grow or develop vigorously; flourish
V
Vibe - very informal usage in vocabulary and idiom that is
characteristically more metaphorical, playful, ellitical, vivid, and
ephemeral than ordinary language
glossary
175.

INTERVIEW with Ms Rahimah (Kedah Royal
Museum)
1.The development of Kedah Royal Museum history in terms of
architecture.
The first palace was built in Kedah under the demand of Sultan
Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu’azam Shah (1778-1797) on 1710.
1726, the building started to construct with 3 parts (masjid, rumah
and penghapadan-the place he meet the puteri).
1821-1824, the palace was left empty. Sultan and his people flee
from Kedah to penang during the Buggies invasion. The palace was
burned down by Buggies invaders in rage.1842, the Sultan and his
people returned to Kedah and rebuilt the palace. 1856, the palace
was rebuilt under the command of Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin
Mukarram Shah accordingly to the previous design but there was
new extension specially added for Sultan wife, who is Wan Mat
Saman sister, Mak Wan Besar.
APPENDIX
178.
WWII, Japan invaded Kedah and occupied the palace as
administration office. Then, Japan present Kedah to Siam as a token
of appreciation for the ease of access to Malaya.1904, the building
was renowned as istana pelamin, as the wedding of Sultan Abdul
Halim Hamid Shah’s princes and princesses for 90 days and his
people were all welcome to attend the wedding. After a long time,
the royal family was no longer stay in their position the palace was
abandoned.
In 20th century, the palace was turned into a school which teach girls
to learned cooking, …etc. Then, the palace was once abandoned so
it became a place for school society or club to have their activities.
2008, the palace was finally transformed into a museum till today.

APPENDIX
179.
5. Why are there lesser ornaments then other building?
When Sultan Abdul Hamid relocate the palace to Medan Bandar, he
bring the British influence to the newly renovate palace with some
Kedah famous bunga kangkung and bunga telipok to the building.
The ornamentation of British itself carry out simplicity and elegance
to the palace.
6. What is the difference of this Royal Palace with other palace
on that period in terms of architecture style?
This royal palace is unique about wood built structure as it was
chosen from the finest kind of its categories such as chengal and
meranti. Besides, the ornamentation of this palace was keep it
simple architecture style.
7. How the building material relate to the climate and affect the
building itself?
The skeleton of the building was mainly constructed by the finest
material such as chengal wood that located in the interior of the
palace. Besides plenty wooden window allow natural ventilation to
came across the interior of the building itself.
8. How they measure the building during that period?
They use “jengkal” and their feet to measure the building while they
constructing.
2. Do the orientation and location related to site has potential?
Yes, this site is a great site for sultan to build his palace because
there is a road built in front of the site and a river behind it so it make
a perfect transportation system for sultan to receive the tribute from
his people effectively.
3. What is the material used to build the palace at that period?
Initially, the palace is made up of timber, mostly Chengal and
Meranti. After undergoing several destructions, cement mixture with
duck egg white, honey and sand is used in construction. The later
stage is seen to use bricks for walls as well.
4. Is that any purpose for the different level of the spaces and
different size of the doors?
According to the Malay traditional belief, the higher level of the
space is for prince to live in, the normal level is for the princess or the
sultan wife and the lower level is for servants. For the door, the
widest and highest door is only allow for the sultan to access; a one
person size but higher threshold is only allow for prince to access
and the normal height of the door is for royal female family to
access.

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