LOGIC-PRESENTATION.pptx

WHAT IS LOGIC?
Logic is the study of reasoning, or the study of the principles and
criteria of valid inference and demonstration. It attempts to
distinguish good reasoning from bad reasoning.
It is from the Greek "logos", which has a variety of meanings
including word, thought, idea, argument, account, reason or
principle.
Aristotle defined logic as "new and necessary reasoning",
"new" because it allows us to learn what we do not know, and
"necessary" because its conclusions are inescapable.

WHAT IS LOGIC?
According to Austin Cline logic is the science of how to evaluate
arguments and reasoning's.
Logic is the codification of language into a deductive system.

TWO MAIN PARTS OF LOGIC
SEMANTICS
The meaning of symbols.
The purpose of the semantics is
to codify words and concepts in a
language.
SYNTAX
The rules that those symbol
follow.
The purpose of the syntax is to
show which arguments are valid
(the truth of the premises implies
the truth of the conclusion) and
which are not.

HISTORY OF LOGIC
ARISTOTLE (334-332 B.C) - Founder of Logic

HISTORY OF LOGIC
In India the Mahabharata and Kautilya's Arthashastra and contain
parallels to Aviksiki and Tarka schools of logic. The Nyaya School of
philosophy represents Indian Logic. Nagarjuna, Vasubandhu,
Dignana, and Dharmatriki are the thinkers who contributed to the
growth of Buddhist Logic.
In China the invention of logic was created to Mozi “Master Mo”,
a contemporary of Confucius who founded the Mohis academy

HISTORY OF LOGIC
Finally Aristotle, considered as the founder of logic, was the first
to incorporate modern logic as a formal branch of analysis. Aristotle
found logic as a distinct field of research in the west, as a result,
Aristotle is known as “Father of Western Logic”. The philosophy of
Aristotle is also considered as “traditional logic”, this Aristotelian
logic idea inspired the world, except in India and China where it was
discovered independently.

HISTORY OF LOGIC
The evolution of logic since Frege Russel, and Wittgenstein, has
had a major impact on philosophical practice and philosophical
questions as well as Philosophy of Mathematics.
Computer Logic circuits use logic, especially sentential logic,
which is fundamental to computer science. University philosophy
department also teach logic as a required course.

UTILITY OF LOGIC
oLogic aids in the development of mental abilities.
oWe have the ability to correct your claims' flaws.
oThe Science of Physics is Logic.
oReasoning is an important aspect of real Education.
oIn real life, logic is useful.
oWe should use logic to justify and demonstrate facts.

FORMAL LOGIC
The study of interference with strictly formal content is
known as formal interference. As a result of thorough
investigation, logic is applied.
Deductive reasoning is used in formal logic, and the
premises must be true. to arrive at a formal conclusion, you
must obey the premises.

EXAMPLE:
PREMISE: All spiders have eight legs. Black widows are a type
of spiders.
CONCLUSION: Black widows have eight legs.
EXPLANATION: This argument isn't controversial.

INFORMAL LOGIC
This type is what we use in our daily reasoning,
this is the logic and arguments we use in our daily
interactions with other people.
It's a natural language argument that studies
fallacies which is an important part of informal
logic.

EXAMPLE:
PREMISE: Riti saw a black cat on her way to office. And at
work she got fired.
CONCLUSION: Black cats are considered as unlucky.
EXPLANATION: This is a broad statement that cannot be
confirmed.

SYMBOLIC LOGIC
This type of logic examines the interrelationships between
symbols. It attaches symbols to verbal reasoning in order to
use a mathematical procedure to verify the statements'
veracity.
It's an investigation into symbolic abstract concepts that
capture the formal characteristics of logical interferences.
Propositional logic and predicate logic are two kinds of
logic.

EXAMPLE:
PROPOSITION: If all mammals feed their babies milk from the
mother (A). If all cats feed their babies mother's milk (B). All cats
are mammals (C). That Λ means “and”. and the → symbol means
“implies”.
CONCLUSION: AΛ B → C
EXPLANATION: Proposition A and proposition B lead to the
conclusion, C. If all mammals feed their babies milk from their
babies mother's milk, it implies all cats are mammals.

MATHEMATICAL LOGIC
Mathematical logic is the application of formal logic to
mathematics. This kind of logic is part of foundation for
science logic.
 Symbolic logic and mathematical logic are often
interchangeably. It is a branch of symbolic logic that can be
applied to a variety of other areas of research in formal
sciences, including model theory, proof theory, set theory,
and recursion theory.

EXAMPLE:
PROPOSITION:
• 2 is an even number (true)
• 7 is an even number (false)
The following are not propositions:
• My cat is beautiful?
• Are you in charge
EXPLANATION: A statement, or a proposition, is a declarative
sentence that is either true or false, but not both.

LOGIC IN EVERYDAY USE
Logic helps us to think coherently and to differentiate between truth and
validity. As the mathematical are always valid, there is no possibility that
might contradict, as 2 + 2 = 4 cannot be five. Moreover, logic helps us to
have a good relationships to our friend, teachers, seniors, relatives. As we
respect them we get the same respect from them and that leads to a good
fellowship.
Logic helps in speaking and properly communicating with others.

The logic is used to explain miracles of everyday life,
thinking logically helps a man to question the functioning of everything
around us. The logic used to argue and is somehow a thought and idea that
influences us for an action we do in our daily lives.
Logic is used to think properly about what is and what happens in reality, to
act reasonable manner at all times of our lives. This means that in our thinking
and reality must be a consistency so that we ca perform our daily activities in
a thoughtful way and rope. We used to solve problems that happen to us daily
as when we go to work or school; also to seek more content...

Logic helps us to think coherently and to differentiate between truth
and validity. As the mathematical are always valid, there is no
possibility that might contradict, as 2 + 2 = 4 cannot be five.
Moreover, logic helps us to have a good relationships to our friend,
teachers, seniors, relatives. As we respect them we get the same
respect from them and that leads to a good fellowship.
Logic helps in speaking and properly communicating with others.

Made by
STEM GROUP
Stephanie Daplian
Jelyn Luteb
Creshalie Joy Danao
Reporter
Alfredo Amango Jr.
Suagard Calay
Sheryl Fermin
Chauncey Poclis
Symon Domingo
Cris Janzel Digaw
Angelika Binoloc
Keziah Gayao
Brandon Nabe
Lexbere Curugan

LOGIC-PRESENTATION.pptx

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