The MAKABAYAN curriculum aims to develop patriotic, humane, environmentally conscious, and spiritual citizens. It originated in 2002 as the fifth learning area in the basic education curriculum to provide integrative and interactive learning opportunities. Key components include Civics and Culture, Geography, History, Home Economics, and Music, Arts, Physical Education. Reforms under K-12 institutionalize Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education from grades 1-3, with the mother tongue used for instruction, and add Mother Tongue as a new learning area. The modern MAKABAYAN curriculum emphasizes social awareness, empathy, and commitment through use of the mother tongue for conceptual understanding.