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Making Transport Sustainable
- 1. Ar. J.K.GUPTA, Email---- [email protected],Mob- 90410-26414 Making Transport Sustainable
- 2. Why People Travel–People travel for: – doing jobs – Availing Economic opportunities – Sourcing food, essential services – Personal Development( going to school, cultural activities) – Entertainment ( sports, pictures, parks) – Meeting daily needs of life (living, working) – Bridging gap between place of working and living – Tourism – Rapid Technological advances -----easy availability of mechanical vehicles- cars , buses , trains – Participation in modern life – essential feature of urban life – Need to travel is a desired need
- 3. Importance of Transportation •Economic growth and transportation positively co- related • Transportation leverages -- Development – Economic, social, cultural , physical, industrial growth. • -- bridges gap between demand / supply of goods/ services - -- links area of production and consumption - National /Regional integration - Standard of living in undeveloped areas --- knowledge, learning ,improved trade and culture - Concentration of population - Economy and employment opportunities - Better education/healthcare amenities
- 4. Importance of Transportation Transportation; --- Helps poor to make better earning - Promotes Safety, law and order -Improves balanced development - country/Rural areas by -----Promoting growth of agriculture/supply of agricultural - -- marketing agricultural produce in nearby markets, - -- increasing employment, - -- promoting rural industries, - -- diversification of agriculture, • Inadequate transportation- • - adversely impacts economic/ social growth. • -- hampers safe, economical ,speedier/ efficient movement of goods/ service
- 5. Cities promoting largetravel due to: Concentration of large population. Concentration of large number of activities. Increasing size of cities. Increasing travel demand. Increased travel distance. Increased use of personal vehicles. . Travel demand in cities rising rapidly due to: Increasing income level. Higher car ownership. Travel becoming a habit. -increased distances --Considering multiple impacts of travel – essential to minimize travel --to make cities more livable and sustainable Transport& Urbanization-
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- 8. • Traffic -Travelworst gifts of Urbanization •Mismatch between vehicle population and road capacity •In last 53 years •--,motor vehicle population recorded -CAGR growth of 10.9% - compared to 3.6% in road length with National Highways increasing merely by 2.3%. •Travel becoming more expensive for poor with elimination of pedestrians / bicycles •2016 Report--Travel becoming risky with •--4.8 lakh Road accidents/ 1.51 lakh deaths - •Every hourin road accidents • - 17 deaths •-- in 55 accidents • major causalities- cyclists/pedestrians/ pavement dwellers •Vehicular congestion/traffic jams becoming order of day TRANSPORTATION SCENARIO IN INDIA
- 9. •Heterogeneous Traffic •increasing individualvehicle ownership; •low road capacity; •poor road geometry; •large obsolete vehicular population; • inefficient/ inadequate public transportation; •low priority for traffic planning; ; •Low priority to bicycles / pedestrians • poor traffic management; • mismatch between vehicle density and road capacity; •multiplicity of agencies involved • absence of unified traffic regulatory authority; • acute problems of parking; •high rates of accidents etc. TRANSPORTATION SCENARIO IN INDIA- ISSUES
- 10. Registered MV inIndia on 31.03. 2017 • Total registered vehicles in India – 21,00,23,289 • -- 9 states have more than 100,00,000 registered motor vehicles --. Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh • Registered motor vehicles in • --Maharashtra – 30.22 million • -- Uttar Pradesh – 26.27 million • -- Tamil Nadu – 26.11 million • --Gujarat -- -- 22.04 million • --Karnataka –17.87 million • -- Rajasthan – 14.90 million • -- Madhya Pradesh- 13.20 million • -- Kerala -- 11.3 million • -- Delhi --maximum number of Vehicles-- 10.26 million
- 11. CONFLICT BETWEEN MAN&MACHINE
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- 14. High Degree ofPollution
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- 18. COBS WORKINGLIVING CIRCULATION • The RadiantCity •An organism capable of housing the works of man of machine-age society. • placed under the masterful government of natural conditions: •Sun •Space •Greenery •And its mission is the service of mankind: •To live •To work •To cultivate body and spirit •To travel about (in this order and obeying this hierarchy)
- 23. -Redefining approach toUrban Planning. -Redefining shape and size of cities -Making cities compact -Promoting self-contained communities -Reordering prioritization of modes of travel •-Making public transport-- more equitable, reliable, affordable, safe, comfortable, sustainable, energy/operationally efficient, cost- effective, eco/ users friendly, large capacity, space efficient, •Equitable allocation of road space. •Road Pricing • Promoting intelligent/smart transportation •Creating public awareness •Involving communities/ stakeholders •Deregistration of Old Vehicles •Establishing effective regulatory/enforcement SUSTAINABLE/SMART TRANSPORTATION
- 24. Principles in SustainableTransport Planning • Promoting Accessibility and not mobility • Planning for people not for vehicles • Moving people, not cars • Keeping space for walking and pedalled vehicles • Reducing travel demand- Re-ordering landuse planning • Create shared work centres within residential complexes • Rationalising planning for • -- making cities compact – reducing distances • -Create self-contained communities • - Promote flatted development rather than plotted development • Promote multiple use of land • --responding to climate change • -- Adopting human scale for planning residential units
- 25. 8 Principles oftransportation to make cities great 8 Principles for Better Streets and Better Cities • WALK -- Develop neighbourhoods that promote walking • CYCLE -Prioritize non-motorized transport networks • CONNECT -Create dense networks of streets and paths • TRANSIT - Locate development near high-quality public transport • MIX -- Plan for mixed land use • DENSIFY -- Optimize density and transit capacity • COMPACT - Create regions with short commutes • SHIFT - Increase mobility by regulating parking and road use
- 26. 8 Principles oftransportation to make cities great
- 27. Defining Sustainable Transport •Sustainable Transport -- • -- sometimes known as Green Transport • -- form of transport that does not use / rely on dwindling natural resources. • -- relies on renewable /regenerated energy • -- rather than fossil fuels that have a finite life expectancy
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- 29. Compact City- advantages •Compact city– best option to rationalize travel / promote sustainable transport because it- • Minimizes distance between place of work /living/amenities • Reduces demand for personalized vehicles • Reduces Congestion • Reduces environmental pollution • --Improves road safety • --Promotes pedestrianisation & cycling • --Makes mass transportation effective • --optimizes land use due to lower area under roads/parking • -- makes available large open spaces • -Makes city development cost-effective- less roads etc
- 31. PLANNING COMPACT CITIES- options Makecities compact by; . – promoting High-density development -- adopting Transit oriented development -Promoting flatted rather than plotted development -- Raising Height and -Rationalizing land uses and Building bye-laws -Building inside not outside --- Building vertical not horizontal --- Building High not low --- Building mix not pure ---Building dense not shallow ---Building accessibility not mobility -- Building for people not for vehicles
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- 34. Curitiba's BRT corridorsrun along high-density developed area
- 35. Amazing Future GreenCities of world –Musdar –Abu Dhabi-UAE A city of 50,000population City of no cars , no waste Planned to make use of cool sea winds Using solar energy on rooftop Narrow streets shading houses Total recycling of waste/water working/ living area not farther than200 mts from transportation nodes). Electric powered light rail on elevated track to permit easy transport between Musdar and Abu Dhabi. •for Intra-city travel people use personal rapid transit pods (PRT) run on magnetic tracks using electric power. •Aim is to create: Zero Carbon Zero Waste Zero Car city
- 36. TIANJIN- Master Plan .. 1.Land-use Planning -planned to be compact, with a good mix of land uses and Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) principles. 2. Transport Planning -Green transport .--to increase trips via public transport and non-motorised modes of transport --- via bicycles and walking, within Eco-city. 3. Green and Blue Network Planning---City planned with extensive green (vegetation) and blue (water) networks to provide quality living /working environment. The green network comprises a green lung at core and eco-corridors emanating from the lung to the other parts of city. 4. Water bodies linked for water circulation to enhance ecology ,provide attractive environment , recreational activities. 5. A wastewater pond rehabilitated /transformed into a clean/beautiful lake. 6. Master Plan can be summed as- 1 axis-3 centres-4 districts
- 37. •Promoting use ofBicycle as preferred mode of travel for majority of intra- city travel being : Most inexpensive Most flexible Environmental friendly Minimum air/noise pollution Zero Energy Vehicle Occupying minimum road space Easy Parking /easy maneurverability Reducing congestion Least financial cost to user/society Promoting National Economy Promoting better Human Health Reducing depletion of Non-renewable resources Best option for travelling over short distance. SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION- CYCLING
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- 40. Public Transport- advantages •Public transportation -- solution to the nation’s: • economic, • energy, and • environmental challenges • helping to bring a better quality of life. • increasing numbers/ people using public transportation and local communities -- expanding public transit services. • Every segment of society – • individuals, • families, • communities and • businesses – • benefits from public transportation.
- 41. National Urban TransportPolicy Public transport scores over other mechanized modes in terms of --space, --pollution and --sustainability– Making public transport -- best option for urban mobility • --State capitals / Metro cities – • --to start planning for high capacity public transport system • -- look at proven global technologies -- prepare comprehensive plans– -- integrating personal /private modes of travel -- to improve higher ridership efficient urban transportation networks.-- accommodates 20 times passengers than private cars on same road space;
- 42. Mass Transport- Energyconsumption In terms of energy consumption-- public transportation better than individual / personal vehicle. • In England-- As of 2006–2007, • -- energy cost of London's trains was 15 kWh per 100 p-km, -- 5 times better than a personal car. • Buses in London-- 32 kWh per 100 p-km, or about 2.5 times of a personal car- • in Japan in 1999 • - 68 kWh per 100 p-km for a personal car- 75Kwh UK • 19 kWh per 100 p-km for a bus,-- 32 Kwh- UK • --6 kWh per 100 p-km for rail,- 15 Kwh
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- 44. PROMOTING PUBLIC TRANSPORT Publictransport key to rationalizing urban transportation and making cities Smart -- DELHI, CHICAGO , COPENHAGEN ( within 400 metres) • Redefining approach to public transportation • Promoting Public Transport would require: • Promoting development along transport network • improved passenger information system • intelligent transport systems for monitoring and control; • affordable ticket pricing; • e-ticketing; • using single ticket for all modes of travel • introducing comfortable buses , • involving Communities, • creating dedicated bus lanes
- 45. TRAFFIC-DELHI,AHMEDABAD, ISTANBUL, SINGAPORE • Cityof Singapore promoted: • high degree of road efficiency,/ reduced road congestion, by • carpooling, Road pricing and public transport • Generating resources for city infrastructure by Road Pricing • Delhi, through its green metro, achieved milestone of : • Transporting 2.8 million people persons • --on a single day – saving 32 minutes of travel time/person • Saving annually 10,000 crores in fuel, travel time etc • --with target of 6 million, when all the four phases operational • reduced road congestion , air pollution and carbon contents, • increasing road efficiency ,Making city much cleaner and greener. • Ahmadabad’s state of art BRTS— • reinvented and revolutionized the city road traffic • Istanbul used 42 Kms dedicated road lanes • --- for new Bus Rapid Transport System, to promote: • public transport, • tackle problem of traffic congestion and air pollution • most efficient service to 6,20,000 passengers on daily basis.
- 47. Curitiba’s futuristic ‘tube’station system for buses--,85% Curitiba uses Bus Rapid Transit -- transporting two million each day-- London subway carries three million-- BRT built in 1974; now 300 cities around world are using .”
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- 51. • OTHER OPTIONSFOR TRANSPORTATION • Promoting Intelligent Transportation • - Promoting Sharing- Bicycle sharing / cars Pooling/car sharing • Promoting integrated Transit Hubs- for last mile connectivity- Bus system , metro system • Introducing Geo- spatial enabled efficient transportation system • Promoting Public transport Surveillance • Introducing Single fare card system • Promoting Smart Parking- using sensors, camera, • - Introducing Smart tolls- using Smart Traffic lights • -Using freight ICT services • Promoting Electric Vehicles • - Using state of art technologies
- 52. AND SEARCH FORCREATING SMART/SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION WILL CONTINUE TO POSE GREATEST CHALLENGE TO PROFESSIONALS