Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) are self-configuring, infrastructure-less wireless networks that enable devices to communicate directly while moving independently. They feature dynamic topology and are categorized into types like vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) and internet-based MANETs, with applications in military, disaster relief, and emergency situations. Despite their advantages, such as high mobility and no need for infrastructure, MANETs face challenges like limited resources and security issues.