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MANGANESE
- 3. Contents:Contents: 1. MANGANESE. Uses Distribution Eco Significance Reserves in India Agencies exploring it Problems related to its exploitation Marketing and Production strategy Export and Import
- 4. •Manganese is achemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25. • It is not found as a free element in nature; it is often found in combination with iron, and in many minerals. • Manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels.
- 6. Uses of Manganese Manganeseis used most commonly in steel production to help improve strength, durability, and toughness. It can be used in medicine to help support the immune system, regulate your blood sugar, and maintain bone regulation and reproduction. It is also used in gasoline to reduce engine knock, and is used in alkaline batteries.
- 8. Manganese is animportant mineral, which is used for making iron and steel and it acts as basic raw material for manufacturing its alloy. Nearly 10 kilograms of manganese is required for manufacturing one tone of steel. It is also used for the manufacture of bleaching powder, insecticides, paints, batteries and china-clay . According to Geological Survey of India, our total manganese reserves are estimated at 16.7 crores tones. India has the second largest manganese ore reserves in the world after Zimbabwe. About one-fifth of the world’s manganese ores are found in
- 10. oManganese has agreat economic significance as its mainly used in the manufacturing of steel and Ferro magnesia alloy. oIts also used in manufacturing of bleaching powder, insecticides and paints. oBut, the most important use is to provide hardness to steel. oAlso today Ferro magnesia alloy are very common. oMagnesia is also available at cheap rates to people and hence is most widely used metal in rural areas. oThis shows that manganese has a great economic significance.
- 12. About three-fourths ofManganese reserves in India are distributed in Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. The remaining Manganese is distributed in Rajasthan, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Karnataka, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Jharkhand.
- 14. Manganese Ore (India)Limited (MOIL) Kalinga Mining Corporation Limited. Ferro Alloys Corporation Limited
- 16. Manganese compounds existnaturally in the environment as solids in the soils and small particles in the water. Manganese particles in air are present in dust particles. These usually settle to earth within a few days. Humans enhance manganese concentrations in the air by industrial activities and through burning fossil fuels. Manganese that derives from human sources can also enter surface water, groundwater and sewage water. Through
- 17. For some animalsthe lethal dose is quite low, which means they have little chance to survive even smaller doses of manganese when these exceed the essential dose. Manganese substances can cause lung, liver and vascular disturbances, declines in blood pressure, failure in development of animal foetuses and brain damage. In plants manganese ions are transported to the leaves after uptake from soils. When too little manganese can be absorbed from the soil this causes disturbances in plant mechanisms. For instance disturbance of the division of water to hydrogen and oxygen, in
- 18. Year 1950 - 51 1960- 61 1970 - 71 198 0- 81 1990 - 91 199 6- 97 199 7- 98 199 8- 99 199 9- 00 2000 - 01 200 1- 02 200 2- 03 Producti on in lakh tonnes 13.9814.0518.41 15.3 2 13.8818.7 1 16.4 2 15.3 8 15.8 6 1519 5 15.8 7 16.6 2 Value in Rs. crore 10.6 8.0 8.4 25.0 57.7 176. 0 177. 7 173. 8 193. 1 197.7213. 2 245. 5 Table 25.4 Production of Manganese Ore in India: More than 99 per cent of India’s manganese ore is produced by Orissa, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Orissa and Maharashtra produce more than half of India s manganese ore. (see Table 25.5)
- 19. India isthe 2nd most important consumer of Manganese ore in the world, behind China. Since China has reduced its buying significantly, having ample material stocked in its ports, India has gained greater importance in the Manganese ore global trade and is seen as buyer with increased potential of consumption. India’s dependence on Manganese Ore imports has increased as the Manganese Ore produced in India (apart from MOIL) is of low grade and high Iron content, and these are not suitable to produce the best quality of Manganese alloys. These inferior quality of Manganese Ores have to be blended with better variety imported ores
- 20. India annually exportsabout 15 per cent of its total production of manganese ore. However, there has been gradual decline in the quantity of export since 1971 on ward. In 1960-61 India exported 11.661 lakh tones of manganese ore valued at Rs. 221 million. This reached the record high of 16.36 lakh tones valued at Rs. 140 million but fell down to 2.65 lakh tones and valued at Rs. 595 million in9 2000-01.
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