Mansabdari and Jagirdari System.pptx......

Mansabdari and Jagirdari System.pptx......

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  Mansabdari and JagirdariSystem
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  Mansabdari System  Akbarwas the architect of the Mansabdari System, an institution of political and economic significance that played a critical role in the consolidation and disintegration of the Mughal Empire.  The word Mansab means a place, a position, an honour and a rank, which happened to be an integral part of the elaborate Mughal Bureaucracy.  The Mansabdar were appointed to all civil and military posts expect that of judiciary and the positions like wazir, bakshi, faujdar and subedar were held by the Mansabdars.
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   The Mansabdarsappears to be a central Asian institution. There is view that this institution came to India with Babur.  During the Babur’s time instead of the term of Mansabdar, the term Wajahdar was used.  Under the regime of Akbar, Mansabdari system become the basis of military and civil administration.  It also believed that Akbar followed the principles of Changiz Khan in fixing up the grades of Mansabdars.  Akbar provided 66 grades of Mansabdars ranging from Commanders of 10 horsemen to 10,000 horsemen but he gives a list of 33 grades of Mansabdars.
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   The Mughalenrolled people of all race and religion in to government jobs, and they were known as Mansabdars.  Mansabdars means a man with a mansab (a position or rank), and mansabdari was a grading system to decide the rank, salary and military responsibility of government officials.  The rank and salary of a mansabdar was fixed according to a numerical value called Zat. So, the higher Zat of a mansabdar is, the higher is his position in the court.  Mansabdars received specific numbers of sawars or cavalry men who were registered by govt., branded horses, and salaries for the sawars.
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   Mansabdars receivedsalaries as revenue assignments called Jagirs.  Unlike Muqtis, all mansabdars did not reside in their own Jagirs but used servants to collect revenues there while they themselves served in another part of the empire.  During Akbar’s rule, a mansabdar’s salary was roughly equal to the revenue the Mughal Empire got from his Jagir.  But this changed during Aurangzeb . As the number of mansabdars increased and the number of Jagirs decreased, there was more land revenue.
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   In theyear 1595-96, the mansabdars were divided in to three classes, first, second and third.  First class was in equal number to Zat and Sawar.  Second class Zat and half or more than half of Sawar.  Third class-Zat and Less than half of Sawar.  While in 1595-96 Akbar maintained 1803 mansabdars, by the end of the reign of Aurangzeb, their no. rose to 14,499.  The emperor can raise the rank of the mansabdars by increasing the no. allotted to a mansabdar.
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   The mansabdar’spost or honour or dignity was not hereditary and it lapsed after the death or dismissal of the mansabdar and the property returned to the state after that.  The increase of number of mansabdars during the reign of Aurangzeb led to the Jagirdari and agrarian crisis which led to the collapse of the mansabdari system.  Though in theory, the mansabdari position was open to all, in practice, the Mughal gave importance to heredity factor and as such house-born and Zamindars were given preference along with Turanis, Iranis, Afghans, Rajputs & Marathas and the Deccanis by Aurangzeb in particular for military reasons.