Manufactuing Industries class 10

Example:
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
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Cloth from cotton
Sugar from sugarcane
Paper from wood
Iron from iron ore

Use agricultural raw
materials
Cotton, wool, jute,
silk textile, rubber
and sugar, tea, coffee
etc..
Use minerals as raw
materials.
Iron and steel, cement,
aluminum, machine tools
etc…

Basic/key industries:
Supply their products or raw
materials to manufacture other
goods.
E.g.: iron and steel and copper
smelting, aluminum smelting.
Consumer Industries:
Produce goods for direct use by
consumers
E.g.: sugar, toothpaste, paper,
fans etc…

Small scale Industries:
maximum investment is
allowed on assets of unit.
Run by less number of
people.
E.g. khandasari, gur etc…
large scale Industries:
If the investment is more
than one crore, then it is
known as large scale
industry.
Labours are more.
E.g.: cotton textile industry

Public Sector:
 Owned and operated
by government
agencies.
 E.g.: BHEL, SAIL
etc…
Private Sector:
 Owned and operated by
individuals or a group of
individuals.
 E.g.: TISCO, Bajaj Auto
Ltd. Dabur industries.

 The industries which are
jointly run by the state and
individuals or a group of
individuals.
 E.g.: Oil India Limited[OIL]
is jointly owned by public
and private sector.
Industries are owned and
operated by the producers
or suppliers of raw
materials, workers or both.
They pool in the resources
and share the profits or
losses proportionately
E.g.: sugar industry in
Maharashtra, the coir
industry in Kerala

 Light industries use light
raw materials & produce
light materials.
 E.g. Electric fans, watches,
sewing machines etc.
 Heavy industries use heavy
& bulky raw materials &
produce heavy materials.
 E.g. Iron & steel Industry

a)scarcity of good quality cotton
b)main cotton growing area went to
Pakistan
c)old machinery
d)erratic power supply
e)low output of labour
f)tough competition from synthetic fibres.

 Challenges faced by the industry is stiff
competition in the international market
from synthetic substitutes and from
other competitors like Bangladesh,
Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand.
 In 2005, National Jute Policy was
formulated with the objective of
increasing productivity, improving
quality, ensuring good prices to the jute
farmers and enhancing the yield per
hectare.

 India stands second as a world producer of sugar but
occupies the first place in the production of gur and
khandsari.
 The raw material used in this industry is bulky.
 In 2010-11 there were over 662 sugar mills in the
country spread over Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh,
Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh.
 Major challenges
 include the seasonal nature of the industry
 old and inefficient methods of production
 transport delay in reaching cane to factories
 need to maximise the use of bagasse.

 Earlier UP and Bihar were the main producer of sugarcane.
Therefore, most of the sugar mills were located in these two
states only. But now, sugar mills are shifting towards
Maharashtra and Karnataka because of following reasons.
 Per hectare production of sugarcane is higher in southern
India. Black soil is quite suitable for cultivation of sugarcane.
 Sucrose content in the sugarcane is higher in Maharashtra and
Karnataka. It means more sugar can be produced for less
sugarcane.
 Mills and machines are new in southern states. New and
modern machines increase the productivity.
 Crushing season for sugarcane is longer in southern states.
 Cooperative sugar mills are running successfully in southern
states.

 This industry is called as basic industry because it
provide raw material to many other industries such as
machine an tools, transport equipment, construction
material etc.
 It is also called as heavy industry because raw materials
[iron ore, coal, limestone] are bulky in nature.
 Most of the steel plants are located in Chottanagpur
region.
 Today steel industries in India are facing many problems:
i. High cost of production
ii. Limited availability of coking coal
iii. Low productivity of labour
iv. Irregular supply of energy
v. Raw materials are found only in a certain pocket of
India.
vi. Poor infrastructure like transport and communication
etc.

 The Chemical industry in India is fast growing and
diversifying.
 It contributes approximately 3 per cent of the GDP.
 It is the third largest in Asia and occupies the twelfth
place in the world in term of its size.
 It comprises both large and small scale
manufacturing units.
 The chemical industry is its own largest consumer.
 Basic chemicals undergo processing to further
produce other chemicals that are used for industrial
application, agriculture or directly for consumer
markets.
 Two types: organic and inorganic chemicals

Organic chemicals include petrochemicals, which are
used for manufacturing of synthetic fibres, synthetic
rubber, plastics, dye-stuffs, drugs and pharmaceuticals.
Organic chemical plants are located near oil refineries
or petrochemical plants.

Distribution:
i. Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and
Kerala produce more than half of the total fertilizer
production in India.
ii. Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka are other important
producers. Because of the easy availability of natural
gas the fertilizer industry is widely spread in the
country.
Production:
India produces about 1 million tones of nitrogenous, 4
million tones of phosphatic and 1.7 million tones of
potassic fertilizers. The country is required to import
potassium from abroad.

 Cement is essential for construction activity such as building
houses, factories, bridges, roads, airports, dams and for other
commercial establishments. This industry requires bulky and
heavy raw materials like limestone, silica, alumina and
gypsum. Coal and electric power are needed apart from rail
transportation.
 The first cement plant was set up In Chennai in 1904.

 The electronics industry covers a wide range of products
from transistor sets to television, telephones, cellular
telecom, pagers, telephone exchange, radars, computers
and many other equipments required by the
telecommunication industry.
 Bangalore has emerged as the electronic capital of
India.
 Other important centres for electronic goods are Mumbai,
Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow and
Coimbatore.
 By 2010-11 (STPI) Software Technology Parks of India
have come up across 46 locations at different centres of
India.
 A major impact of this industry has been on
employment generation. It is encouraging to know that
30 per cent of the people employed in this sector are
women.

 Dumping of organic and inorganic industrial waste into water
bodies pollute the water.
 Industries which produce paper, pulp, chemical, leather,
acids, dyes, fertilizers etc. generate lots of toxic waste which
kills the aquatic life.

NTPC is a major power providing corporation in India.
It has ISO certification for EMS [environment management
system] 14001.
The corporation has a pro-active approach for preserving the
natural environment and resources like water, oil and gas and
fuels in places where it is setting up power plants.
This has been possible through-
@ Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques
and upgrading existing equipment.
@ Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation.
@ Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and
addressing the question of special purpose vehicles for
afforestation.
@ Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond
management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste
management .

@ Ecological monitoring, reviews and online database
management for all its power stations.
 National Thermal Power Corporation Limited is
the full form of NTPC.

Manufactuing Industries class 10

Manufactuing Industries class 10

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