Manufacturing Industries

MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA PERAMBALUR
Made by-
k.nandhakishore
Class-10

INTRODUCTION
MANUFACTURING – Production of goods in large
quantities after processing of raw materials to more
vulnerable products.
 EXAMPLES- 1) paper from wood.
2) sugar from sugarcane.

IMPORTANCE OF MANUFACTURING
Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone
of development because-
• It helps people by providing jobs in secondary and
tertiary sectors.
• Industrial development helps in eradication of
unemployment and poverty from our country.
• Export of manufactured goods expands trade and
commerce , and brings in much needed foreign
exchange.
• India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying
its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible.

CONTRIBUTION OF INDUSTRIY TO NATIONAL
ECONOMY
Share of manufacturing sector in India’s GDP: 17%.
This is much lower in comparison to some East
Asian economies, where it is 25 to 35 per cent.
Since 2003, manufacturing is once again growing
at the rate of 9 to 10 per cent per annum.
The National Manufacturing Competitiveness
Council(NMCC) has been set up with this objective.

Industrial Location
Location of an industry depends on various factors
such as:
 Availability of raw material.
 Availability of cheap labour.
 Availability of power and other infrastructure.
 Proximity to markets.
 Availability of adequate and swift means of
transportation.

CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES
BASIS CLASSIFICATION INDUSTRIES
SOURCES OF
RAW
MATERILS
Agro-based Cotton, wool, jute, silk, rubber, sugar, tea, coffee
Mineral-based Iron, steel, cement, aluminium, petrochemicals
ROLE Basic industries Iron and steel, copper smelting, aluminium smelting
Consumer
industries
Sugar, cosmetics, paper, machines etc.
CAPITAL Small industries Match-making, handicrafts, toys, plastic containers and
other goods
Large industries Cosmetics, drugs, electronic items
OWNERSHIP Public sector BHEL, SAIL, NTPC
Private sector TISCO, BAJAJ, BPL
Joint sector OIL
Cooperatives Sugar industry (Maharashtra), coir industry (Kerala)

AGRO-BASED INDUSTRIES
Second largest employer after agriculture.
Contributes about 4% to the GDP.
Only industry that is self-reliant.
COTTONTEXTILES:
Produced with hand-spinning, power looms,
handlooms and mills.
Concentrated in Maharashtra and Gujarat
Maximum production by power looms.
India has the second largest installed capacity of
spindles after China.
India accounts for 1/4th of the total world trade in
cotton yarn.

JUTE INDUSTRIES:
India is the largest producer of raw jute.
Second largest exporter after Bangladesh Located in
West Bengal.
 SUGAR INDUSTRIES:
India is the second largest producer of sugar after
Brazil.
India is the largest producer of gur and khandsari.
Sugar mills are located in U.P., Bihar, Maharashtra,
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and
Gujarat.
Most mills are in the cooperative sector.

MINERAL BASED INDUSTRIES
These industries use minerals and metals as raw
materials.
IRON ANDSTEEL INDUSTRIES:
Basic Industry i.e., it is the basis for all other industries.
Steel = Iron ore + Cooking Coal + Limestone in the ratio
of 4:2:1
 India is the ninth largest steel producer.
 India is the largest producer of sponge iron.
 There are 10 primary steel plants in India.
E.g., Bokaro, Raurkela, Burnpur, Bhilai, Durgapur etc.
 SAIL (Steel Authority of India Limited) is the nodal
marketing agency of steel produced by public sector
undertakings.
 Located mostly in the Chotanagpur Plateau region.

STEEL PRODUCTION IN INDIA AND CHINA
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1949 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
CHINA
INDIA
220
32
6 1
130
25
141
174
26 27
211
29
270
32.2

ALUMINIUMSMELTING
It is the second most important metallurgical
industry in India.
Light, corrosion free and good conductor of heat.
Used in aircraft, utensils and wire industry.
8 aluminium smelting plants in India.
E.g., NALCO and BALCO in orissa, west bengal,
kerela, uttar pradesh, chhattisgarh, maharashtra
and tamil nadu.
 Bauxite, the raw material used in the smelters is a
bulky, dark reddish coloured rock..

CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
Contribute 3% to the GDP.
Third largest in Asia.
Inorganic Chemicals: Sulphuric acid, plastics,
adhesive and paints.
Organic Chemicals: Petrochemicals, dyes and
drugs.
FERTILISER Industry
This industry manufactures nitrogenous fertilizers
(Urea), phosphoric fertilizers, ammonium
phosphate (DAP) and complex fertilizers.
India is the third largest producer of nitrogenous
fertilizers.
Located in Gujarat, U.P., Tamil Nadu, Punjab and
Kerala.

CEMENT Industry
Cement is manufactured from limestone, silica,
aluminium and gypsum.
Located mainly in Gujarat.
First cement plant: Chennai in 1904.
Exported to the Gulf countries, Africa and South Asia.
AUTOMOBILEINDUSTRY
Manufactures cars, scooters, motorcycles, trucks,
buses, three-wheelers etc.
Located in Delhi, Gurgaon, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai,
Kolkata, Lucknow, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur and
Bangalore.

Informationtechnology and electronics industry
Includes transistors, television, telephones, computers
and radars.
Bangalore is the electronic capital of India.
This industry has given a boost to employment
generation in India.
Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation
Industries cause four types of pollution:
• Land: Land gets polluted and the quality of soil gets
degraded when huge quantities of industrial wastes
are dumped, rendering the soil unfertile.

• Air: The emission of toxic gases such as carbon
monoxide, sulphur dioxide and other harmful gases
from industries and vehicles causes irreparable
damage to the atmosphere. The smoke emitted by
factories contains small dust particles which are
inhaled by human beings and can cause various
pulmonary and other diseases.
• Water: The industrial wastes and chemical effluents
discharged into water bodies contaminate the water
and make it unfit for human use.
• Noise: The blaring horns of automobiles, noise of
machinery in the factories and large scale
construction activity creates noise pollution which
causes irritation and can also lead to deafness.

Controlling Environmental Degradation
Minimising the use of water.
Reusing used water by purifying it.
Rainwater harvesting for conserving water.
Treating industrial and chemical effluents before
discharging them into rivers.
Minimising the use of fuels that produce harmful
gases and adopting clever fuels such as biogas and
natural gas.
Establishing waste treatment and sewage treatment
plants for preventing land and water pollution.

NTPC
National Thermal Power Corporation
A public sector undertaking (PSU)
Established in 1975
Has an ISO 14001 certification for EMS
(Environment Management System)

Manufacturing Industries

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Manufacturing Industries