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Manufacturing Industries
- 3. Manufacturing is theproduction of goods for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemicals and biological processing, or formulations. The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. Such finished goods may be used for manufacturing other, more complex products, such as aircraft, household appliances or automobiles, or sold to wholesalers, who in turn sell them to retailers, who then sell them to end users – the “consumers”.
- 5. Manufacturing Industriesnot only help in modernizing agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sector. Industrial Development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange. Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher value are prosperous.
- 7. 1. Raw Materials:- Closeness to the source of bulky and perishable raw materials . Example – Iron and Steel Industry , Sugar industry.
- 8. 2. Power Resources:- Closeness to the source of economically viable power resources. Example – Aluminum Smelting requires lot of electricity.
- 9. 3. Water :-Availability of water in abundance for processing of the raw materials. Example – Jute and Coir Industry.
- 10. 4. Climate :-Favorable climatic condition for processing of raw materials. Example – Cotton textile Industry requires more humidity therefore located in Maharashtra.
- 11. 1. Labor :-Cheap and skilled labor . Example – Diamond cutting Industry in Surat .
- 12. 2. Transport :-Any industry needs a well developed transport network for the movement of raw materials and finished products.
- 13. 3. Capital :-Every industry needs capital investment , which is available through banks.
- 14. 4. Market :-Demandand supply plays an important role in the economy of a country. Demand from the market is met by the supply from the industry.
- 15. 5. Government Policies:- Government Policies are made to regulate the setting up and function of Industries.
- 16. Industrial Location arecomplex in nature. These are influenced by availability of raw materials, capital , labor, power and market etc.. It is rarely possible to find all these factors available at one place. Consequently , manufacturing activity tends to locate at the most appropriate place where all the factors of industrial location are either available or can be arranged at lower cost. After an industrial activity starts , urbanization follows. Sometimes, industries are located in or near the cities.
- 17. • Based onRaw Materials • Based on Labor • Based on Ownership • Based on source of Raw Material
- 18. HEAVY INDUSTRIESuse heavy and bulky raw materials and produce heavy materials . Example – Iron & Steel Industry. LIGHT INDUSTRIES use light raw materials and produce light materials . Example – Electric fans ,watches ,sewing machines etc.
- 19. LARGE SCALEINDUSTRIES employs large number of laborers . Example – cotton textile industry. SMALL SCLE INDUSTRIES run by individuals with less number of people. Example – Gur and Khandsari.
- 21. Private -Bajaj Auto and Tata Iron & Steel Public -Bhilai Steel Plant & Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. Joint - Oil India Ltd. & Gas Authority of India Ltd. , Maruti Udyog Ltd. Cooperative - Sugar Mills & Silk Mills
- 22. AGRO BASEDuse agricultural raw materials . Example - Cotton Textile Industry , Sugar Industry , Silk Industry. MINERAL BASED use minerals as raw materials. Example – Iron & Steel Industry, Copper Smelting Industry.
- 24. The textile industryoccupies unique position in the Indian economy, because it contributes significantly to industrial production(14 percent) , employment generation (35 million persons directly – the second largest after agriculture ) and foreign exchange earnings (about 24.6 percent ).
- 25. India is thelargest producer of raw jute and jute goods and stands at second place as an exporter after Bangladesh. There are about 70 jute mills in India . Most of these are located in West Bengal. The first jute mill was setup near Kolkata in 1859 at Rishra .
- 26. India stands secondas the world producer of sugar but occupies the first place in the production of Gaur and Khan sari . The raw material used in this industry is bulky, and is haulage its sucrose content reduces . There are over 460 sugar mills in the country spread over Uttar Pradesh , Bihar , Maharashtra .
- 28. The Iron andSteel Industry is the basic industry since all other industries – Heavy , Medium and Light , depend on it for their machinery. Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods , constructional material, defense , medical , telephonic, scientific equipments and a variety of consumer goods.
- 30. In 2004, Indiaproduced over 600 million tons of aluminum. Bauxite , the raw material used in the smelters is a very bulky, dark reddish colored rock. •Aluminium Smelting Aluminum smelting is the second most important metallurgical industry in India. It is a light, resistant to corrosion, a good conductor of heat, malleable and becomes strong when it is mixed with other metals.
- 32. •The chemical industryin India is fast growing and diversifying. It contributes approximately 3 per cent of GDP. It is the third largest in Asia and occupies the twelth place in the world in terms of his size. It comprises both large and small scale manufacturing units. FERTILIZER INDUSTRY :-The fertilizer industry is centered around the production of nitrogenous fertilizers (mainly urea), phosphatic fertilizers and ammonium phosphate (DAP) and complex fertilizers which have a combination of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P) and potash (K).
- 34. CEMENT INDUSTRY :-Cement is essential for construction activities such as building houses, factories, bridges, roads, airports, dams and for other commercial establishments. This industry requires bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum. Coal and electric power are needed apart from rail transportation.
- 36. Automobiles provide vehiclefor quick transport of goods and passengers. Truck, buses, cars, motor cycles, scooters, three – wheelers and multi – utility vehicles are manufactured in India at various vehicles. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY :- The electronics Industry covers a wide range of products from transistor sets to television, cellular telecom, pagers, telephone exchange, radars, computers and many other equipments required by the telecommunication industry. Bangalore has emerged as the electronic capital of India. Other important centres for electronic goods are Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow and Coimbatore.
- 40. Although industries contributesignificantly to India’s economic growth and development, the increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise and resulting degradation of environment that they have caused, cannot be overlooked. Industries are responsible for the various types of pollution.
- 41. AIR POLLUTION:- Air pollution is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
- 42. WATER POLLUTION:- Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents discharged into rivers.
- 43. LAND POLLUTION:- Wastes from nuclear power plants, nuclear and weapon production facilities cause cancers, birth defects and miscarriages. Soil and water pollution are closely related.
- 44. NOISE POLLUTION:- Noise pollution not only results in irrigation and anger, it can also cause hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure among other physiological effects.
- 46. Every literof waste discharged by our industry pollutes eight times the quantity of freshwater, Some suggestions are :- Minimizing use water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds. Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases :- Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding, floccution and sedimentation. Secondary treatment by biological process Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of wastewater.