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MAPEH Music Grade 9

The document provides instructions for an illustrator to create a map of Europe showing the hometowns of composers from different historical periods. It includes a sample map with an arrow pointing from a composer's picture to their home country. The rest of the document discusses music from the Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque periods, including characteristics of genres from each period like Gregorian chants and madrigals. It provides listening examples and objectives for students to understand the distinctive features of music from these eras.

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MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 1 To the illustrator: Using the blank map of Europe, place pictures of ALL the composers featured in EACH UNIT around the map and put arrows pointing to the country where they come from. Maybe you can use better looking arrows and format the composer’s pictures in an oval shape. The writers would like to show where the composers come from. I am attaching a file of the blank map and please edit it with the corresponding name and fill it the needed area with different colors. Please follow the example below. (Check the pictures of the composers and their hometowns in all the units.)
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 2 LEARNING AREA STANDARD The learner demonstrates an understanding of basic concepts and processes in music and art through appreciation, analysis and performance for his/her self-development, celebration of his/her Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and expansion of his/her world vision. key - stage STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of music and art of the Philippines and the world, through appreciation, analysis, and performance, for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. grade level STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of Western music and the arts from different historical periods, through appreciation, analysis, and performance for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. CONTENT STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of the characteristic features of the music of the medieval, the renaissance and the baroque periods. PERFORMANCE STANDARD The learner …  Performs selected songs from the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque periods.  Chants  Madrigals  Excerpts from Oratorio  Chorales  Troubadour Time allotment: 8 hoursTime allotment: 8 hoursTime allotment: 8 hoursTime allotment: 8 hours
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 3 INTRODUCTION The first three periods of Western Music History are classified as Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque. Each period has its distinctive characteristics, historical and cultural background. A type of music from the Medieval Era is Gregorian Chant, which was mainly used in the early Christian church. Music during the Renaissance Period became an important leisure activity. Members of the upper class were expected to have received musical training. Imitative polyphony is the distinctive characteristic of Renaissance music. The Baroque Period is characterized by grand and elaborate ornamentation of sculptures, theaters, arts and music. The music genres which flourished during the Baroque Period were the Concerto, the Fugue, the Oratorio and the Chorale. Music evolved alongside with man’s constant quest for growth and development. OBJECTIVES At the end of this module you, as a learner, are expected to:  Listen perceptively to selected vocal and instrumental music of Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Periods.  Explain the performance practice (setting, composition, role of composers/performers and audience) of Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Periods.  Relate Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque music to its historical and cultural background through dramatization.  Sing selections of medieval chants, troubadour songs, madrigals, and oratorios with correct pitch, rhythm, expression and style.  Describe musical elements of given Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque music.  Explore other arts and media that portray Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque elements.  Improvise appropriate accompaniment to given Medieval and Renaissance songs.  Create and perform songs in Gregorian and Troubadour styles.  Play simple melodies of a chorale and provide accompaniment.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 4 PRE – ASSESSMENT To assess what you know about the music of the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Periods, answer the following activities. Part I. Guess Who? You will need: Pictures of different composers Name of the composers written in strips of cardboard. Do as Directed: 1. Divide the class into five groups. 2. Each group will take turns in trying to name each composer until all pictures have been named. 3. Write the name of each composer below the picture. NOTE: These pictures may be placed on the board by your teacher.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 5 Gregorian Chants Mass Fugue Concerto Grosso Troubadour Music Oratorio Madrigal Chorale Part II. Guess When? Direction: Classify the items in the box according to the historical period to which it belongs. Write the words in the column below. Listen to the following songs: 1. Canon Rock http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jau8gMtapQo Last viewed November 7, 2013 2. Canon in D by Pachelbel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1kGJoGVpOs Last viewed November 7, 2013  Look for other songs which were originally composed during the Medieval, Renaissance or Baroque periods that have been revived today. They may have been used as background music for commercial, movie, ―teleserye―, and other media purposes. REFLECTION: 1. Were you aware that some of those music were composed centuries ago? 2. How was it used as background music? 3. Do you think they were used creatively? Was the music used appropriately? 4. If you were one of the original composers, would you allow your compositions to be used as they are used today? Why or Why not? MEDIEVAL PERIOD RENAISSANCE PERIOD BAROQUE PERIOD Music is timeless. Melodies from the past can still be heard today. Tunes may be played differently in the techno – world, but one thing never changes, “Music will always be part of man‟s everyday life”.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 6 WHAT TO KNOW Music of the Medieval Period (700 – 1400) The Medieval period is also known as the Middle Ages or ―Dark Ages‖ that started with the fall of the Roman Empire. During this time, the Christian Church influenced Europe’s culture and political affairs. Monophonic plainchant was named after Pope Gregory I, who made this the approved music of the Catholic Church. Pope Gregory’s action made monophonic plainchants popular. Although it was originally transmitted orally, scholars agreed to put it in notation to assist dissemination of chants across Europe. Characteristics of the Gregorian Chants:  monophonic  Free meter  Modal  Usually based on Latin liturgy  Use of Neume notation In this module, you will learn the first part of the history of Western music. We will be discussing the characteristic features of each period, composers, historical and cultural backgrounds.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 7 The music sheet below is a notated Gregorian Chant written in Neumes: Description: The Introit Gaudeamus Omnes, scripted in square notation. Date: 14 th century – 15 th century Source: wikepedia.org File: Graduale Aboense 2.jpg
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 8 Listen to the link that features a Gregorian Chant of the Medieval Period http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kK5AohCMX0U. last viewed November 7, 2013 REFLECTION:  After listening to the selection, were you able to identify the characteristics of Gregorian Chants? During the latter part of the Medieval Period, secular music which was not bound by Catholic traditions emerged. Most of these songs were performed across Europe by groups of musicians called Troubadours. Troubadour Music:  Usually monophonic  Sometimes with improvised accompaniment  Tells of chivalry and courtly love  Originated in France  Written in the French language Famous Composer of the Medieval Period: Adam de la Halle France, 1237 - 1288 Adam De La Halle, Miniature in musical codex s. XIII Source: http//picsdigger.com/image/cfd4783 Artist: Unknown
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 9 Adam de la Halle was also known as Adam le Bossu (Adam the Hunchback). He was the son of a well – known citizen of Arras, Henri de la Halle. He received his education at the Cistercian Abbey of Vaucelles, near Cambral. Adam was destined for the church but he eventually married. His patrons were Robert II, Count of Artois, and Charles of Anjou, brother of Louis IX. Adam was one of the oldest secular composers whose literary and musical works include chansons and poetic debates. He was a trouvére, poet and musician, whose literary and musical works include chansons and jeux- partis (poetic debates) in the style of the trouveres, polyphonic rondel and motets in the style of early liturgical polyphony. His musical play, ―Jeu de Robin et Marion‖ was considered the earliest surviving secular French play with music. His works include: 1. Le Jeu de Robin et de Marion 2. La Chanson du roi de Sicile Listen to the link below that features ― LeJeu de Robin et Marion‖ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zHoebp8Vgxs Last viewed November 7, 2013 Music of the Renaissance Period (1400 – 1600) The term ―Renaissance‖ comes from the word ―renaitre‖ which means “rebirth‖, ―revival‖, and ―rediscovery‖. The Renaissance Period is a period of of ―looking back‖ to the Golden Age of Greece and Rome. The invention of printing in the 1400’s paved the way for a wide distribution of renaissance compositions. With the emergence of the bourgeois class, renaissance music became popular as entertainment and activity for amateurs and the educated. Lute was the prominent instrument of the renaissance era. The influence of the Roman Catholic Church started to decline as the new music genre arose. Though sacred music was still of great importance, secular music became more prominent in the renaissance period. This era was also known as the ―golden age‖ of a capella choral music. Other historical facts during this era is the discovery of the actual position of earth in the solar system by Copernicus, the invention of compass creating a wider navigation not only of the lands but also of the oceans, and Martin Luther’s Protestant reformation.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 10 Characteristics of Renaissance Music:  Mostly polyphonic  Imitation among the voices is common  Use of word painting in texts and music  Melodic lines move in a flowing manner  Melodies are easier to perform because these move along a scale with a few large leaps Vocal Music of the Renaissance Period 1. Mass – is a form of sacred musical composition that sets texts of the Eucharistic liturgy into music. Characteristics of the Mass:  Polyphonic  May be sung a cappella or with orchestral accompaniment  Text may be syllabic (one note set to each syllable), neumatic (a few notes set to one syllable), or melismatic (many notes to one syllable) Five Main Sections of Mass: 1. Kyrie (Lord Have Mercy) 2. Gloria (Glory to God in the Highest) 3. Credo (I Believe in One God) 4. Sanctus and Benedictus (Holy, holy and Blessed Is He) 5. Agnus Dei (Lamb of God) Listen to the link below that features one of the main sections of the mass. ―Gloria‖ by Joasquin de Prez http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XaiXCG0jHB8 Last viewed November 7, 2013
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 11 2. Madrigal - A secular vocal polyphonic music composition which originated from Italy. It is written and expressed in a poetic text and sung during courtly social gatherings. It is the most important secular form during the Renaissance period. Characteristics of the Madrigal:  Polyphonic  Sung a cappella  Through–composed  Frequently in 3 to 6 voices Listen to ―April Is In My Mistress„ Face” by Thomas Morley REFLECTION: 1. Which music are you familiar with? Why? 2. Which songs can you relate with? Sacred or secular music? Why?
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 12 Famous Composers of the Renaissance Period 1. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Rome, 1525 - February 2, 1594 Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina is said to be the greatest master of Roman Catholic Church music during the Renaissance period. Majority of his compositions are sacred music. He was committed to sacred music and has a keen interest in satisfying the desires of church leaders in the sixteenth century. Palestrina’s Pope Marcellus Mass is held up as the perfect example of counter - reformation style. Kyrie is part of the first two sections of the Pope Marcellus Mass. His career reflects his commitment to the music of the church. He received his early training and spent the majority of his career in various churches in Rome, including the pope’s chapel. He was as an organist and choir master at both the Sistine Chapel and at St. Peter's which may have influenced his distinctively pure and restrained style in musical compositions. Palestrina also served as an organist in St. Agapito. His first book Masses became popular and was greatly appreciated by Pope Julius III. Palestrina has two sons but lost them both during the plague epidemic that struck Rome in 1570’s. He had planned to become a priest but eventually changed his mind and married a wealthy widow. This improved his wealth and enabled him to pursue a musical career for the rest of his life. Listen to the links below that feature the opening Kyrie Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Source: http//xoomer.virgilio.it/senesino/Dei/Palestrina.jpg File: Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina.jpg
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 13 (Excerpt from “Pope Marcellus Mass)  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itKeTpK83IY Last viewed November 7, 2013  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NB-i_V9QPt8 Last viewed November 7, 2013 2. Thomas Morley 1557 – 1602 Morley was born in Norwich, East England, the son of a brewer. He was a singer in the local cathedral from his boyhood, and he became master of choristers there in 1583.Thomas Morley was the most famous composer of secular music in his time. He was a singer in the local cathedral during his childhood and was believed to have studied music with William Byrd, an Elizabethan composer of sacred music. He received his Bachelor’s degree in Oxford and became an organist at St. Paul’s in London. He tried imitating Byrd in his early works but veered towards composing madrigals that show a variety of color, form and technique. Most of his madrigals are light and easy to sing with some aspects of Italian style. His Musica Transalpina, a collection of Italian madrigals fitted with English text, was published in 1588 by Nicholas Yonge. Shortly after, he began publishing his own collections of madrigals and made significant contribution to the history of music. His works include:  Fire, Fire, My Heart  Sing and Chant It  Fantasie  April Is In My Mistress‟ Face  It Was A Lover and His Lass Research and listen to Thomas Morley’s works. You may use the following links that feature a madrigal composition “Fire, Fire, My Heart”  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61aEb5Qt6-U Last viewed November 7, 2013  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBWKp4-_w4E Last viewed November 7, 2013
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 14 REFLECTION: 1. Which madrigal did you enjoy more? Why? 2. Based on what you have heard, do you agree that the compositions of Palestrina and Morley reflect their personalities? Why or Why not? Music of the Baroque Period (1685 – 1750) The word Baroque is derived from the Portuguese word ―barroco” which means ―pearl of irregular shape‖. Some of the great composers of this time were George Friedrich Handel, Johann Sebastian Bach, Claudio Monteverdi, and Antonio Vivaldi. During this time, the arts highlighted grandiose and elaborate ornamentation. These were clearly seen in the musical compositions created by Baroque composers. New instrumental techniques and changes in musical notation were developed. Major and minor tonality was also created in this period. A lot of the musical terms and concepts that evolved in this era are still used today. Characteristics of Baroque Music:  Melodies sound elaborate and ornamental  Melodies are not easy to sing or remember  Primarily contrapuntal textures with some homophony  Dynamic contrast – alternation between loud and soft  Music genres—operas, oratorios, suites, tocatas, concertó grosso, fugue  Orchestra consists of strings and continuo  Harpsichord and organ are the keyboard instruments that are commonly used  New forms: 1. binary – AB 2. ternary – ABC 3. ground bass 4. fugue
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 15 Music Genres of Baroque Music 1. Concerto – A form of orchestral music that employs a solo instrument accompanied by an orchestra. 2. Concerto Grosso - A form of orchestral music during the Baroque Period wherein the music is between a small group of solo instruments called concertino and the whole orchestra called tutti. Handel’s Concerto Grosso for two violins, cello, strings and basso continuo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a32nicpS3rk Last viewed November 7, 2013 Vivaldi’s Winter http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKfuhLCVldg Last viewed November 7, 2013 REFLECTION: 1. Which video did you enjoy the most? Why? 2. What is the most evident difference between the two concertos? 3. Fugue  A contrapuntal piece, developed mainly by imitative counterpoint  It is usually written in 3 or 4 parts, with a main theme called ―subject‖  The entire piece grows mainly from a single brief tune of strong musical character Access this link through the internet and listen to: Bach’s Toccata and Fugue in D minor http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ho9rZjlsyYY Last viewed November 7, 2013 ILLUSTRATOR: Please include an illustration of melodic lines in counterpoint ILLUSTRATOR: Please include an illustration that may represent the statement above.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 16 REFLECTION: 1. Which part did you find interesting? 2. Did you hear melodies that imitate each other? Which part? 3. Do you know any other music where imitative counterpoint is evident? Can you name some titles? 4. Oratorio – a large scale musical composition for orchestra and voices that incorporates narratives on religious themes. Unlike usual theatrical works, this is usually performed without the use of costumes, scenery, or action. It is usually written in the native language for the intended audience. Examples: a. Handel's ―Messiah,‖ ―Samson,‖ ―Israel,‖ and ―Egypt‖ b. Bach’s ―Christmas Oratorio‖ c. Haydn’s ―The Creation‖ Listen to the link below that features Oratorio vs. Opera http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYVGtAJ7ujA Last viewed November 7, 2013 REFLECTION: 1. Which of the characteristics of an Oratorio were seen on the video? 2. What are the major differences of an Oratorio from an Opera? 3. Have the differences been shown clearly? 5. Chorale – musical compositions that resemble a harmonized version of hymnal tunes of the Protestant Church during the Baroque era. Listen to the links below that features: Baroque Chorale http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZeBakTvwEes Last viewed November 7, 2013 Chorale trio http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYFPLVrCWDk Last viewed November 7, 2013
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 17 REFLECTION: 1. What is the difference between the two chorales? 2. Have you watched any modern chorale presentation? 3. Can you identify any similarities between the chorales of the Baroque Period and chorales of the present time? Famous Composers of the Baroque Period 1. Johann Sebastian Bach Born: Germany March 21, 1685 Died: July 28, 1750 J.S. Bach came from a family of musicians. He was taught to play violin by his father who was then the town musician in Eisanach. He entered school at age 7 where he was taught religion and other subjects. He became orphaned at age ten. His brother, a church organist provided for him. Bach’s beautiful soprano singing voice helped him to be accepted at a school in Luӥeberg. A few years later, his voice changed and Bach focused his attention to playing the violin and harpsichord. Bach was a religious man. His personal and deep faith is shown in his sacred music. He was known for his compositions for organ, orchestra, and oratorio. His most important and long – term position was as ―cantor” at St. Thomas Church. Johann Sebastian Bach Date: 1746 Source: Unknown Artist: Elias Gottlob Haussmann
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 18 His works include:  Concerto Grosso e.g. Brandenburg Concertos (concerto grosso) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uw2dlZ8V4-0 Last viewed November 7, 2013  Masses e.g. Mass in B minor  Cantatas e.g. Cantata 208 and 211  Fugues e.g. Fugue in G minor http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1XD1MSES_8 Last viewed November 7, 2013 Toccata and Fugue in D minor  Works for clavichord and harpsichord e.g. Well-Tempered Clavier (one of his more well- known ketboard improvisations) This link is another version of Bach’s Toccata and Fugue in D minor played on glass harp (musical glass) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKRj-T4l-e8 Last viewed November 7, 2013 2. Antonio Vivaldi Venice, March 4, 1678 to Vienna, July 28, 1741 Antonio Lucio Vivaldi Antonio Lucio Vivaldi , nicknamed il Prete Rosso ("The Red Priest") because of his red hair, was an Italian Baroque composer, Catholic priest and a virtuoso violinist. Recognized as one of the greatest Baroque composers, his influence during his lifetime was widespread over Europe. Vivaldi is known mainly for composing instrumental concertos, especially for
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 19 the violin, as well as sacred choral works and over forty operas. He entered the priesthood and was ordained in 1703. Vivaldi is well known for giving the strings a major role in his compositions. His most famous piece is The Four Seasons. This composition is a series of four violin concerti depicting each of the seasons, ―Spring,‖ ―Summer,‖ ―Autumn,‖ and ―Winter.‖ Listen to the link below that features “Spring” (one of the four parts of The Four Seasons) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFHPRi0ZeXE Last viewed November 7, 2013 3. George Friedrich Händel Germany, February 23, 1685 London, April 14, 1759 George Händel was the second son from the second marriage of a pastor. Despite his father’s opposition, George secretly taught himself to play the harpsichord. At age 7, he gained access to a church organ and started to play. A Duke heard him play and insisted on giving him a formal music education. Under Zachau, organist of Halle cathedral, he studied counterpoint, canon and fugue. Händel is remembered for his operas and oratorios. Handel became England’s favorite composer. He had given English audiences music that in variety and interest rivalled anything they could remember. Handel lost both of his eyesight in 1753. When he conducted his oratorio, ―Samson,” a few in the audience were unaware that he had lost his eyesight. The Messiah is Hӓndel’s most famous creation and the very well known ―Hallelujah‖ chorus is part of Hӓndel’s Messiah. The Messiah was written in the space of twenty – four days in London but it was in Dublin when The Messiah was first performed and became an instant success. Listen and watch the following link that features the “Hallelujah” chorus from Händel’s Messiah http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUZEtVbJT5c Last viewed November 7, 2013
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 20 Individual Assessment I. Encircle the letter of the correct answer. 1. The period when the Christian Church highly influenced culture and political affairs in Europe was the: A. Medieval Period B. Renaissance Period C. Baroque Period 2. A through–composed vocal music composition written and expressed in a poetic text. A. Troubadour Music B. Mass C. Madrigal 3. There are five main sections of the Mass. Which of the following is the only section of Mass with Greek text. A. Kyrie B. Gloria C. Agnus Dei 4. Baroque music is known for its grandiose and elaborate ornamentation. Which of the following Baroque Music forms was developed through imitative counterpoint. A. Concerto Grosso B. Fugue C. Oratorio 5. Refers to the extended musical setting of sacred music. A. Fugue B. Chorale C. Oratorio II. Identify the composer of each selection. (5 pts) _____ 6. Messiah _____ 7. Four Seasons _____ 8. Pope Marcellus Mass _____ 9. Fire, Fire, My Heart _____ 10. Fugue in G minor
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 21 The following listening activities will help and guide you to experience the beautiful musical compositions and presentations composed during the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Periods. Be guided by the musical sheets and music selections for each listening activity. WHAT TO PROCESS Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque music have distinctive characteristics. The following activities will develop your musical skills as you incorporate the different musical concepts that you have learned in the first part of this module. In the beginning, chants were taught orally. However, as the number of chants increased, singers needed help in remembering the outlines of the melodies. Later, the chants were notated in the manuscript as a single melodic line without accompaniment. Neumes were written above the words to suggest the contour of the melody. Eventually, musical notation of the period was written as square notes on a four–line staff. Listening Activities Listening Activity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5GtmcHZLHw Last viewed November 7, 2013
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 22 The first part of ―Kyrie Eleison‖, written in neumes, was taken from Liturgical Music Series Part I of highstreethymns.com. A. Write the letter of your answer based on the music selection that you have heard. _____1. Which text – setting style was used? a. Syllabic b. Neumatic c. Melismatic _____ 2. What is the texture? A. Monophonic B. Homophonic C. Polyphonic _____ 3. In what language was the selection written? A. Greek B. Latin C. Spanish B. Answer each question and explain why. 1. Is the music sacred vocal form? 2. Was it sung a cappella or with accompaniment?
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 23 Listening Activity: Listen to the songs in the following pages. Use the chart below to guide you in analyzing the songs. Title: ______________________ Composer: _________________ Era: _____________________ Encircle your answer in the chart below. Elements Description Language Latin Greek English Form Vocal Instrumental Text – Setting Syllabic Neumatic Melismatic Texture Monophonic Homophonic Polyphonic Song # 1 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pAdcE4OlBHc - Last viewed November 7, 2013 Song # 2 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUZEtVbJT5c - Last viewed November 7, 2013 Song # 3 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFHPRi0ZeXE - Last viewed November 7, 2013 Illustrator: Pls RE-DRAW ALL the music sheets. Erase the song titles and composer’s names. For clearer view of the music sheets, visit sheetmusicplus.com
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 24 SONG # 1
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 25
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 26 SONG # 2 Illustrator: Please RE-DRAW with the text of the whole song.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 27 SONG # 3 Illustrator: Please RE-DRAW with the text of the whole song. WHAT TO UNDERSTAND Musical notation has evolved through time. The following activity will help you understand how to express Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque music in a different way.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 28 Individual Activity Contour… Factor! 1. Watch the Fugue in G minor as shown in the following link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1XD1MSES_8 Last viewed November 7, 2013 2. Following the sample above, create your own graphic representation of ―Spring‖ from The Four Seasons 3. Be guided by the checklist below: My Checklist Guide Evident Not Evident 1. Did I draw my lines to move along with the contour of the melody? 2. Did I create variations on the lines used? 3. Are my lines creatively drawn along with other lines?
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 29 Group Activity Name that Song! You will need: Recorded selections from Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Era. Buzzer, Scoreboard and audio aids. Procedure: 1. Divide the class into three. (Note: The number of group depends on the number of students in the class) 2. A recorded selection will be played. 3. First group to buzz in will have the chance to name the title and the composer of the song heard. 4. The following points will be awarded for each correct answer. Title of the Song / Selection = 2 points Composer = 1 point 5. In case of a wrong answer, the group will be deducted 2 points. 6. Procedure will continue until all prepared songs have been played. 7. The group with the highest point wins the game. Score Board Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Song # 1 Song # 2 Song # 3 Song # 4 Song # 5 TOTAL
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 30 The following activities will showcase your talent and what you have learned about Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music. WHAT TO PERFORM Activity # 5 Winter Duo! 1. Listen to an excerpt from the Largo of Vivaldi’s ―Winter‖ Concerto. To the illustrator: Insert Music score 2. You can choose to the theme/themes of the piece or play the music using recorder or piano. Additional accompaniment may be used for texture enhancement purposes. Part I Melody Part II Accompaniment Criteria 5 pts 4 pts 3 pts 2 pts 1 pt 0 pts Tempo Appropria te Fluctuates slightly Fluctuates much Mostly wrong Not appropriate Cannot play Steady Beat Consisten t Fluctuates slightly Fluctuates much Mostly wrong Not appropriate Cannot play Melodic Pattern No mistakes A few mistakes Many mistakes Mostly wrong Consistently wrong Cannot play Stage Presence Played with excellent confidenc e Played with very good confidenc e Played with good confidenc e Played with confidenc e Played with less confidence Cannot play Overall Presentation Superior Very Good Pretty Good Fair Poor Cannot play
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 31 Group Activity Move to the Music!!! 1. Your class will be divided into seven groups. 2. Your teacher will assign a segment of the following compositions: Gregorian Chant in Medieval Period Fire, Fire, Fire My Heart by Thomas Morley Toccata and Fugue in D minor by Johann S. Bach Concerto Grosso for two violins, cello, strings and basso continuo by Handel Pope Marcellus Mass by Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Hallelujah by George F. Handel Four Seasons by Antonio Vivaldi 3. Your group must come up with movements to interpret the assigned musical selection. Criteria Choreography 5 Points Coordination of Movements 5 Points Timing 5 Points Expression and Execution of Movements 5 Points Interpretation of Music 5 Points TOTAL 25 Points
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 32 GLOSSARY Cantus Firmus – also known as ―fixed song‖ or a pre-existing melody which forms the basis of a polyphonic composition Monophony – music consisting of a single melodic line without chordal accompaniment; it is the oldest type of music Polyphony – music consisting of several (two or more) melodic lines, each having individual significance and independence Sacred music – music that was specifically written for use in religious services Secular music – music that was composed for purposes other than religious Through-composed – songs in which there is new music to each stanza; the opposite of strophic Tonality – system where the musical piece is based on a key center REFERENCES Books Burkholder,Peter, et.al. ( ) Norton Anthology of Western Music. Vol.1: Ancient to Baroque 5th Edition. Kamien, Roger ( ).Music Appreciation.9th Edition. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Wright, Craig. (2013) The Essential Listening to Music, 6th Edition. Yale University. Website http://www.anthonyjosephlanman.com/?p=580&cpage=1#comment-18642 www.onlinesheetmusic.com
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MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 32 LEARNING AREA STANDARD The learner demonstrates an understanding of basic concepts and processes in music and art through appreciation, analysis and performance for his/her self-development, celebration of his/her Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and expansion of his/her world vision. key - stage STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of music and art of the Philippines and the world, through appreciation, analysis, and performance, for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. grade level STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of Western music and the arts from different historical periods, through appreciation, analysis, and performance for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. CONTENT STANDARD The learner … Demonstrates understanding of the characteristics and features of the music of the Classical period PERFORMANCE STANDARD The learner … Sings and performs themes of symphonies and other instrumental forms Time allotment: 8 hoursTime allotment: 8 hoursTime allotment: 8 hours
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 33 INTRODUCTION: In this module, you will learn the historical and cultural background of the Classical era. In the history of Western music, the term Classical refers to the period from 1750-1820. During this time, there were significant changes in musical forms and style distinguishing the music from those of the previous era. New music forms emerged such as sonata, concerto, and symphony. The development of the Sonata form led to more large-scale works and other long instrumental compositions such as symphonies, concertos and overtures. In this module, you will also learn of the development of classical opera such as the Opera Seria and Opera Buffa which became popular among the different social classes. The life and music of Franz Josef Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig Van Beethoven, the three greatest and most famous composers of the Classical era will be discussed in the following pages. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the module you, as a learner, are expected to:  Narrate the life and works of classical composers after video and movie showing  Relate classical music to its historical and cultural background  Explain the performance practice (setting, composition, role of composers/performers, and audience) during classical period  Listen perceptively to selected classical period music  Describe the musical elements of given classical period pieces  Analyze the sonata allegro form  Sing themes or melodic fragments of given classical period pieces  Explore other arts and media that portray classical elements  Improvise appropriate accompaniment to given short and simple classical pieces
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 34 PRE-ASSESSMENT: Identify the term being described. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on the space provided. _____ 1. A musical work with different movements for an instrumental soloist and orchestra a. SYMPHONY c. CONCERTO b. SONATA d. RONDO _____ 2. A section of the sonata allegro form where the themes are introduced a. EXPOSITION c. RECAPITULATION b. DEVELOPMENT d. THEME AND VARIATION _____ 3. The general texture of Classical music a. MONOPHONIC c. HETEROPHONIC b. HOMOPHONIC d. POLYPHONIC _____ 4. The term for serious opera a. OPERA c. OPERA BUFFA b. COMIC OPERA d. OPERA SERIA _____5. The most important form that was developed during the classical era and usually the form of the first movement of a sonata or symphony a. MINUET c. RONDO b. SONATA ALLEGRO d. SYMPHONY _____ 6. It repeats the themes as they first emerged in the opening exposition a. EXPOSITION c. RECAPITULATION b. DEVELOPMENT d. SONATA _____ 7. A musical composition designed to be played by the full orchestra a. SYMPHONY c. CONCERTO b. SONATA d. CANTATA _____ 8. The term for Italian opera a. OPERA c. OPERA BUFFA b. COMIC OPERA d. OPERA SERIA _____9. It is a multi-movement work for solo instrument a. SYMPHONY c. CONCERTO b. SONATA d. CANTATA _____10. It is called “The Age of Reason” a. MEDIEVAL c. BAROQUE b. RENAISSANCE d. CLASSICAL
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 35 Nowadays, people listen to current and new musical genres such as pop, rock, R & B, and other 20th century music and are unaware of the music of the past. Let us listen to some selected music of the Classical Period. REFLECTION: 1. List down all the musical terms you are familiar with. 2. What do you know about Classical era? 3. Write down what you want to know at the end of this module: I would like to know about ________________ I would like to understand ________________ I would like to perform ___________________ Suggested listening resources o W.A. Mozart Serenade in G minor (Eine Kleine Nachtmusik) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1FSN8_pp_o o W. A. Mozart Rock version of Eine Kleine Nachtmusik http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OL0T-q50s9A o W. A. Mozart Jazz version Eine Kleine Nachtmusik http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wY9P5z3CQ10
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 36 WHAT TO KNOW In this part of the module, you will be provided with information about the historical background, instrumental and vocal music, and the great composers of the classical period. MUSIC OF THE CLASSICAL PERIOD (1750-1820) The classical era, also called “Age of Reason”, is the period from 1750- 1820. The cultural life was dominated by the aristocracy, as patrons of musicians and artists who generally influenced the arts. Significant changes in musical forms and styles were made. In the middle of the 18th century, Europe began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature, and the arts, known as Classicism. It was also pushed forward by changes in the economic order and in social structure. Instrumental music was patronized primarily by the nobility. Important historical events that occurred in the West during this era were the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, the American Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the American Revolution. The term “classical” denotes conformity with the principles and characteristics of ancient Greece and Roman literature and art which were formal, elegant, simple, freed and dignified. The same characteristics may also describe the melodies of classical music. Harmony and texture is homophonic in general. The dynamics of loud and soft were clearly shown through the extensive use of crescendo and diminuendo. A style of broken chord accompaniment called, Alberti Bass was practiced. The great composers of the period were: Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig Van Beethoven. Sonata, Concerto, and Symphony are the instrumental forms developed during this era while Opera Seria and Opera Buffa are the two vocal forms.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 37 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY: “WORD MAZE” Pick the words from the maze that relate to the classical period. Write your answer on the blanks. Mozart Alberti Bass Polyphonic Beethoven Madrigal Sonata Bach Opera Buffa Concerto Homophonic Haydn Symphony Oratorio Opera Seria 1. _______________ 6. _______________ 2, _______________ 7. _______________ 3. _______________ 8. _______________ 4. _______________ 9. _______________ 5. _______________ 10. ______________
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 38 Works of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven are still popular today. Their compositions are now commonly used as music to animated series of popular cartoon companies such as Looney Toons, Warner Brothers, 20th Century Fox, Pixar, etc. Beethoven’s music was used in one of the films for children and Little Einstein’s animated series also features the music of the great composers Beethoven, Haydn and Mozart. INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY: “Music & Match” Listen to each recording then match the title of the cartoon show/movie in column B to the title of the music in column A. Write your answer on the blank before each number. A B ___1. Piano Sonata No 11 in A major (Rondo) 3rd mov. a. Mr. Bean ___2. Piano Sonata no 14 in C#m (Moonlight) 1st mov. b. Little Einstein’s ___3. Symphony No. 5, Op. 67, Cm c. Tom & Jerry ___4. Fur Elise d. Popeye ___5. Eine Kleine Nachtmusik e. The Ring f. Backyardigan
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 39 COMPOSERS OF THE CLASSICAL PERIOD: Image painted by Thomas Hardy (1791), currently located at College of Music Museum of Instruments, downloaded from Wikimedia.org FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN (1732-1809) Franz Joseph Haydn is one of the most prominent composers of the classical period. His life is described as a “rags-to-riches” story. He came from a poor family and his music led to his rise in social status. He was hired by rich patrons and eventually became a musical director for the Esterhazy family for 30 years. His music reflects his character and personality: mainly calm, balanced, serious but with touches of humor. He was able to compose over 100 symphonies and developed them into long forms for a large orchestra. He was named, “Father of the Symphony” although he excelled in every music genre of the period. Most of his symphonies have nicknames such as the “Surprise Symphony”, “The Clock”, “The Military”. He also wrote chamber piano music and choral works. Suggested listening resources for Haydn’s instrumental works o F.J. Haydn Symphony No.94 in G Major "Surprise” 2nd movement http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLjwkamp3lI o F. J. Haydn Symphony No. 101 in D major, “The Clock” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1L6p4B2hBs o F. J. Haydn Symphony No. 100 in G major, “Military” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGyGBRXfy10
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 40 Image painted by Barbara Krafft (1819), photo taken by Otto Erich (1965) from Mozart: A Documentary Biography. Stanford University Press. Downloaded from Wikimedia.org WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART (1756-1791) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is a child prodigy and the most amazing genius in musical history. At age five, he was already playing the violin and the harpsichord; at six, he was recognized as an exceptional pianist and, at seven, he was already composing excellent music. At age thirteen, he had written sonatas, concertos, symphonies, religious works, and operas and operettas. He experimented in all kinds of music and composed over 700 works. Unfortunately, due to mismanaged finances he lived his life in poverty, died young and was buried in an unknown grave. He composed wonderful concertos, symphonies and opera such as “The Marriage of Figaro” (1786), “Don Giovanni (1789), and “The Magic Flute” which became popular. Other known works: Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, Symphony No. 40 in G Major, and Sonata No. 11 in A Major K311. Suggested listening resources for Mozart’s instrumental works: o W. A, Mozart Piano Sonata No. 16 in C major, K. 545 (so-called facile or semplice sonata) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yi_E-Hu_Rb0 o W. A. Mozart: PianoSonata No. 11, K331inAMajor, 1st mov. (Andantegrazioso) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=24_4VUU4qqM
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 41 o W.A. Mozart Symphony No. 40 in G minor, 1st mov. (Molto Allegro) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l45DAuXYSIs o W. A. Mozart Serenade in G minor (Eine Kleine Nachtmusik) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1FSN8_pp_o Image painted by Joseph Kal Stieler (1820) currently located at Beethoven Haus, downloaded from Wikimedia.org. LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN (1770-1827) Ludwig Van Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany to a family of musicians and studied music at an early age. He was the composer who bridged the late Classical era and the early Romantic era. He was a talented pianist and composer. His famous compositions include 32 piano sonatas, 21 set of variations, 9 symphonies, 5 concertos for piano, 16 string quartets and choral music. His works include the “Missa Solemnis” (1818-1823) and opera “Fidelio” (1805). His known symphonies are: Symphony No. 3 (Eroica), No. 5, No. 6 (Pastoral), No. 9 (Choral), which adds voices to the orchestra. He began to go deaf in 1796 but this did not become a hindrance. He continued composing through the help of an assistant and hearing gadget. Some of his famous compositions were made when he was deaf.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 42 Characteristics of Beethoven’s works: - His music veered toward larger orchestras. - Sound was centered on the violas and lower registers of the violins and cellos to give his music a darker mood. - All themes in a piece are tied together by one motif. - He developed musical themes and motifs extensively by means of modulation - He used more brass instruments and dynamics Suggested listening resources for Beethoven’s instrumental works: o L. V. Beethoven Piano Sonata no 14 in c sharp minor (Moonlight) 1st mov. Op. 27 no 2 (adagio sostenuto) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmVCcF42f-0 o L.V. Beethoven Piano Concerto no. 1 in C major op. 15 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFfUcQQbwsE o L.V. Beethoven Piano Concerto no. 5 “Emperor” in E flat major op. 73 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYl6iI4l9gA o L.V. Beethoven Symphony No. 5, Op. 67, C Minor http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqvLfMigm3I Rock version - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9EICNAvc1Q o L.V. Beethoven Symphony No. 9, Op. 125, d minor “Choral” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6E3xem_c2w http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iq-3B6xfNpY In the middle of the 18th century, Europe began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature, and the arts, known as Classicism. It was also pushed forward by changes in the economic order and in social structure. Instrumental music was patronized primarily by the nobility.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 43 Albeti Bass VOCAL and INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC SONATA A multi-movement work for solo instrument, Sonata came from the word “Sonare” which means to make a sound. This term is applied to a variety of works for a solo instrument such as keyboard or violin. Below is an excerpt from the 3 movements of the Sonata No. 16 in C Major K545 by W.A. Mozart. Listen to each phrase of the movement. 1st Movement: Allegro – fast movement 2nd Movement: Slow tempo: (Andante, Largo, etc.), mostly lyrical and emotional.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 44 3rd Movement: Minuet: It is in three-four time and in a moderate or fast tempo. SONATA ALLEGRO FORM The most important form that developed during the classical era consists of 3 distinct sections: Exposition, Development and Recapitulation. 1. Exposition - the first part of a composition in sonata form that introduces the theme 2. Development is the middle part of the sonata-allegro form wherein themes are being developed
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 45 3. Recapitulation - repeats the theme as they first emerge in the opening exposition To the Illustrator: Add a diagram to show parts of sonata allegro and sonata CONCERTO Concerto is a multi-movement work designed for an instrumental soloist and orchestra. It is a classical form of music intended primarily to emphasize the individuality of the solo instrument and to exhibit the virtuosity and interpretative abilities of the performer. The solo instruments in classical concertos include violin, cello, clarinet, bassoon, trumpet, horn and piano. A concerto has three movements: fast, slow, and fast. 3 movements: 1st Movement: Fast: Sonata-allegro form with expositions of the orchestra and then by the soloist. 2nd Movement: Slow: Has more ornamentation than the First movement. 3rd Movement: Fast: Finale: usually in a form of rondo, resembling the last movement of the symphony and usually a short cadenza is used.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 46 Below is an excerpt of the 1st musical score of the 1st movement of the “Emperor” concerto by Beethoven Note that the solo instrument here is the piano.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 47 To the Illustrator: Mark the parts played by identified instruments and number each measure.
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MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 51 As the 18th century progressed, instrumental music was patronized primarily by the nobility which led to the rise of public taste for “comic opera”. The music was mostly of a simple yet pleasant character, while the singing was highly flexible and sensitive and could freely express emotion through melody. SYMPHONY A multi-movement work for orchestra, the symphony is derived from the word “Sinfonia” which literally means “a harmonious sounding together”. It is a classical music for the whole orchestra, generally in four movements. 4 movements of the symphony: 1st Movement: Fast: Sonata-allegro form 2nd Movement: Slow : gentle, lyrical – typical ABA form or theme and variation 3rd Movement: Medium/Fast: uses a dance form (Minuet or scherzo) 4th Movement: Fast: typically Rondo or Sonata form Below is an example of theme from “Surprise Symphony” by Haydn
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 52 CLASSICAL OPERA Opera is a drama set to music where singers and musicians perform in a theatrical setting. The two distinct styles of opera, Opera Seria and Opera Buffa, were developed during the Classical Period. The Opera Seria (serious opera) usually implies heroic or tragic drama that employs mythological characters, which was inherited from the Baroque period. “Idomeneo” by Mozart is an example of Opera Seria. The Opera Buffa (comic opera) from Italy made use of everyday characters and situations, and typically employed spoken dialogues, lengthy arias and was spiced with sight gags, naughty humor and social satire. “The Marriage of Figaro”, “Don Giovanni”, and “The Magic Flute” are examples of popular Opera Buffa by Mozart. Suggested listening / viewing resources: o “Queen of the Night” (an aria from “The Magic Flute”) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pzMScwFKIfk o Excerpt from Mozart's "The Magic Flute" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pc4VT0CId54 o Excerpts from “Don Giovani” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w08bx7NZ62E o W. A. Mozart “Idomeneo” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHK4yfM54eo WHAT TO PROCESS The lists of activities are provided for you to have a deeper understanding and appreciation of Classical music. The activities will also help you develop your ability to analyze music through listening. But first, let’s have a recap on Classical music. The music of the Classical era has a lighter and clearer texture. It is mainly homophonic. The melody is simple and easy to remember. There is extensive use of dynamics; phrases are very regular and of the same length. Listening to Classical music might not be your choice because most of you would rather sing songs or listen to music which for you would give enjoyment and would make you feel good. But without you knowing it, sometimes you are already actually singing or listening to Classical music.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 53 Let us see if you can still recognize some of the music that will be used in the following activities. INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY: Procedure: Describe the music of W.A. Mozart’s Piano Sonata No 11 in A major K 331 (Rondo) 3rd movement and answer the questions below. 1. What is the meter? 2. What is the tempo? 3. What dynamics were used? 4. What is the texture? Reflection Questions: (for group sharing) 1. Describe the melody. (direction, range, register, phrases, etc.) 2. Is this music familiar to you? Where did you first hear it? GROUP ACTIVITY: Procedure: 1. Listen to each selected music from the Renaissance, Baroque and Classical period 2. Describe each musical piece 3. In the chart next page, put a check in the box of the corresponding characteristic element
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 54 TITLEOFTHE COMPOSITION MELODY TEMPO DYNAMICS TEXTURE PERIODIN MUSIC Simple /Tuneful Complex Slow Moderate Fast MostlySoft MostlyLoud Monophonic Homophonic Polyphonic Renaissance Baroque Classical John Dowland Fine Knacks for Ladies G.F.Handel HalleluiaChorus L. V. Beethoven Symphony No. 9, Op. 125, D Minor “Choral” Symphony No. 9 REFLECTION: 1. Describe and differentiate the elements of the 3 compositions. 2. Which music is familiar to you? Where did you hear it? 3. Among the three compositions, which did you like the most? Why?
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 55 GROUP ACTIVITY: “NAME THAT TUNE” Procedure: 1. Divide yourselves into 4 groups 2. Listen to the given composition 3. Identify whether it is a Sonata, a Concerto or a Symphony 4. Choose your group representative who will write the answer on the board 5. Each correct answer is equivalent to 1 point. (Additional 1 point will be given to your group if you will be able to identify the title and another 1 point for the name of the composer) 6. The group with the highest score wins the game. Reflection: (for group sharing) 1. Which among the compositions are you familiar with? 2. How were you able to determine whether the music is a Sonata, a Concerto or a Symphony? 3. Which do you prefer: listening to classical music or to pop music? Why? INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY: “Music Analysis” Procedure: 1. Listen to Eine Kleine Nachtmusik by W. A. Mozart 2. As you listen to the music, follow the musical score on the next page (opt.: To follow the musical score you may tap the beat counting 4 for each measure) 3. Each measure has a number on top of the staff. Encircle the measure where the exposition, development and recapitulation starts and ends. Write the number of the measure on the blanks EXPOSITION _______________ DEVELOPMENT ____________ RECAPITULATION __________
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MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 60 Music of the Classical Era is usually associated with the nobility. During that time most of the members of the nobility would financially support the musicians. Music was played in the courts which make the music of the classical era more familiar to the nobility than the lower classes. This association of the rich and Classical music is still being experienced in some parts of the world. However, with the dawn of radio and TV, classical music may now be experienced by the masses. ACTIVITY: FILM VIEWING: You will be watching one of the films below AMADEUS BEETHOVEN IMMORTAL BELOVED BEETHOVEN LIVES UPSTAIRS Reflection Questions: (Share with the group and then with the class) 1. What is the movie all about? 2. Who are the main characters? 3. When and where was the story set? 4. Who is your favorite character in the movie? Why? 5. What part of the film did you like best? Why? 6. Analyze the use of music in the film. Did it enhance the filmmaker’s story? 7. What did you learn from the story? 8. What are the great qualities/traits of the composer that inspire you? WHAT TO UNDERSTAND In this stage, you are given the opportunities to have a deeper understanding of the importance of Classical music. The given activities here will also give you a chance to show and enhance your talents through composition and performance.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 61 GROUP ACTIVITY: “Commercial Break” Procedure: 1. You will be divided into 4 groups. 2. Each group will be assigned to advertise a product of your own choice wherein classical music will be used as background music. 3. You will perform in front of the class. Criteria for grading: 1. Choice of music (must be a Classical Period piece and appropriate for the product) --------- 30% 2. Originality (use of own concept) --------- 40% 3. Creativity (use of props, costumes) --------- 30% T O T A L 100% GROUP ACTIVITY: “STORY SINGING” Procedure: 1. You will be divided into 4 groups. 2. Each group will create an original story and turn it into a song by adapting a tune or music (of their choice) of the Classical era. 3. You can create or improvise an instrumental or rhythmic accompaniment for your song. 4. You will perform in front of the class. Criteria for grading: 1. Choice of music (must be classical and appropriate) --------- 30% 2. Originality (content of lyrics) --------- 30% 3. Voice Quality (pitch, projection) --------- 40% T O T A L 100%
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 62 WHAT TO PERFORM At this stage you will showcase your creativity and talents through performance such as singing, acting, dancing as well as directing and creative writing. GROUP ACTIVITY: “On Stage” Procedure: 1. You will be divided into 3 groups. 2. Each group will create a short musical production (30 minutes) on either the life of Haydn, Mozart or Beethoven. 3. Use the music/compositions of your chosen composer as your background, accompaniment for your dance, and song. 4. Your group can create or improvise an instrumental accompaniment. RUBRIC Criteria 5 4 3 2 1 1. All instructions were followed At all times Most of the time Some of the time Hardly Never 2. Singing (Voice quality) Good singing voice and sing in tune Good singing voice but sometimes not in tune Can sing but has a hard time following the tune Cannot sing but can hum a few lines Cannot sing at all 3. Dancing (Grace and Synchronization) Can dance well and in synch with the music Can dance and in synch with the music Can dance but sometimes not in synch with the music Can dance but not in synch with the music Can hardly dance 4. Acting and Directing Excellent Good Satisfactory Fair Needs Improvement 5. Over all Production Excellent Good Satisfactory Fair Needs Improvement TOTAL POINTS: _____________
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 63 GROUP ACTIVITY: “Sing it to the Classic!” Procedure: 1. You will be divided into 3 groups. 2. Each group will create a short poem with a theme on the Classical Era (opt.) or any theme of their choice. 3. Your group will recite or rap the poem and use music of the Classical Period as your accompaniment. (Example: melody of Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9, “Ode to Joy”) 4. You will perform in front of the class. RUBRIC Criteria 5 4 3 2 1 1. All instructions were followed At all times Most of the time Some of the time Hardly Never 2. Singing (Voice quality) Good singing voice and singing in tune Good singing voice but sometimes out of tune Can sing but has a hard time following the tune Cannot sing but can hum a few lines Cannot sing at all 3. Originality of Composition Excellent Good Satisfactory Fair Needs Improvement 5. Over all Performance Excellent Good Satisfactory Fair Needs Improvement TOTAL POINTS: _____________
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 64 SUMMARY At the end of the unit, you must have knowledge of the following concept. Classical music refers to the period from 1750-1820. It is also known as the “Age of Reason” or “Age of Enlightenment” because reason and individualism rather than tradition were emphasized in this period. During this period, different instrumental forms of music were developed. These were sonata, concerto and symphony. The three greatest and most popular composers of the period are: Franz Josef Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig Van Beethoven. GLOSSARY Alberti Bass - a special type of broken chord accompaniment where the chord is played in this order: lowest note - highest note - middle note - highest note then repeats the pattern to create a smooth, sustained, flowing sound Allegro - quickly, in a brisk lively manner Andante - in a moderately slow tempo Cadenza - an improvised passage or ornamentation performed by a soloist or group of soloists that allows a display of virtuosity often placed near the end of a piece. Cantata - a choral composition with instrumental accompaniment, typically in several movements. Classical era - the period from 1750-1820 called the Age of Reason. Concerto - a major instrumental work for solo instrument with orchestral accompaniment Crescendo - gradually becoming louder Diminuendo - gradually becoming softer Development - middle part of the sonata-allegro form wherein themes are being developed Exposition - the first part of a composition that introduces the themes that will be developed through the piece Homophonic - a melody accompanied by chords
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 65 Largo - a very slow tempo. Minuet - a slow, stately ballroom dance for two in triple time. Opera - a drama set to music Opera buffa - opera in Italy that is full of fun and frivolity Opera comique - comic opera in France, Opera Seria - an opera based on a serious plot that usually revolves around mythological beings such as gods and goddesses Recapitulation - a part of a musical piece, found usually near the end, that repeats the earlier themes Rondo - a musical form that alternates the main theme and its contrasting themes usually found in the final movement of a sonata or concerto Scherzo - a vigorous, light, or playful composition comprising a movement in a symphony or sonata. Singspiel - 18th century German musical comedy featuring songs and ensembles interspersed with dialogue. Sonata - any instrumental composition that has several movements with variation in key, mood, or tempo Symphony - a musical composition for the whole orchestra generally in four movements; also a sonata for orchestra. Theme and Variation - a musical form where the theme is presented in a simple unadorned manner then repeats the theme several times with ornamentations REFERENCES Books Perez, V. V. et al. (2008). MAPEH-CAT IV. Quezon City: St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation. Wright, Craig. (2013). The Essential Listening to Music, 6th ed.. Canada: Schirmer Cengage Learning. Wright, Craig. (2008, 2004). Listening to Music, 5th ed.. Belmont, CA., USA: Thompson Higher Education.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 66 Websites http://library.thinkquest.org/27927/Classical_concerto.htm Retrieved: Nov. 5, 2013 http://petrucci.mus.auth.gr/imglnks/usimg/c/ca/IMSLP94587-PMLP01855- http://www.free-scores.com/download-sheet-music.php?pdf=23862 Retrieved: Nov. 4, 2013 http://www.ask.com/question/opera-seria Retrieved: Nov. 4 2013 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Wolfgang-amadeus mozart_1.jpg Retrieved: Nov. 4, 2013 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beethoven.jpg Retrieved: Nov. 4, 2013 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haydn_portrait_by_Thomas_Hardy_(small).jpg Retrieved: Nov. 4, 2013 http://www.free-scores.com/download-sheet-music.php?pdf=23862 Retrieved: Feb. 16, 2014 file:///C:/Users/mean/Desktop/Mozart_Piano_Sonata_K_545.pdf Retrieved: Feb. 16, 2014 Suggested listening resources: W. A. Mozart Piano Sonata No. 16 in C major, K. 545 (so-called facile or semplice sonata) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yi_E-Hu_Rb0 (retrieved 11/5/13) W. A. Mozart - Piano Sonata No 11 in A major K 331 (Rondo) 3rd movement http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rgq3OTSRVBc (ret. 11/6/13) W. A. Mozart Piano concerto n. No. 21 in C major, K.467 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G1bMPi2aw1A (ret. 11/6/13) W. A. Mozart, Symphony No. 40 in G minor, 1st movement (Molto Allegro) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l45DAuXYSIs (ret. 11/6/13) W. A. Mozart Serenade in G minor (Eine Kleine Nachtmusik) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1FSN8_pp_o (ret. 11/6/13) Rock version - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OL0T-q50s9A (ret. 11/5/13) Jazz version - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wY9P5z3CQ10 (ret. 11/6/13) W. A. Mozart Queen of the Night (an aria from The Magic Flute) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pzMScwFKIfk (ret. 11/5/13)
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 67 Excerpt from Mozart's "The Magic Flute" (ret. 11/5/13) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pc4VT0CId54 W. A. Mozart excerpts from Don Giovani http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w08bx7NZ62E (ret, 11/513) W. A. Mozart exceprts from Idomeneo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHK4yfM54eo (ret. 11/7/13) L. V. Beethoven Piano Sonata no 14 in c sharp minor (Moonlight) 1st movement op. 27 no. 2 (adagio sostenuto) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmVCcF42f-0 (ret. 11/7/13) L. V. Beethoven Piano Concerto no. 1 in C major op. 15 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFfUcQQbwsE (ret. 11/7/13) L. V. Beethoven Piano Concerto no. 5 “Emperor” in E flat major op. 73 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYl6iI4l9gA (ret. 11/7/13) L. V. Beethoven Symphony No. 5, Op. 67, C Minor http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqvLfMigm3I (ret. 11/7/13) Rock version - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9EICNAvc1Q (ret. 11/7/13) L. V. Beethoven Symphony No. 9, Op. 125, D Minor “Choral” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6E3xem_c2w (ret. 11/7/13) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iq-3B6xfNpY (ret. 11/7/13) F.J. Haydn Symphony No.94 in G Major "Surprise” 2nd movement http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLjwkamp3lI F. J. Haydn Symphony No. 101 in D major, “The Clock” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1L6p4B2hBs (ret. 11/7/13) F. J. Haydn Symphony No. 100 in G major, “Military” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGyGBRXfy10 (ret. 11/7/13) John Dowland Fine Knacks for Ladies http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dabqyiJZN0c (ret. 2/19/14) G. F. Handel Hallelujah Chorus from Messiah http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUZEtVbJT5c (ret. 2/19/14)
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 64
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 65 LEARNING AREA STANDARD The learner demonstrates an understanding of basic concepts and processes in music and art through appreciation, analysis and performance for his/her self-development, celebration of his/her Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and expansion of his/her world vision. key - stage STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of music and art of the Philippines and the world, through appreciation, analysis, and performance, for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. grade level STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of Western music and the arts from different historical periods, through appreciation, analysis, and performance for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. CONTENT STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of characteristic features of instrumental Romantic music PERFORMANCE STANDARD The learner sings and performs themes of selected instrumental pieces of the Romantic Period. Time allotment: 8 hours
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 66 Introduction: Romantic music refers to Western music composed in the late 18th century to the 19th century. Composers and artists believed in letting their imagination and passion be seen through their works. Program music became the main form of instrumental compositions which is evident in concert overtures, Program symphonies, symphonic poems and incidental music. Program music is a form that portrays an idea or relays a story to the audience. An example of this musical form may be seen in Hector Berlioz’s “Symphonie Fantastique.” Some of the other famous composers of the period are Franz Liszt, Frederic Chopin, Camille Saint-Saëns, Robert Schumann and Peter Ilyich Tchaikowsky. Short piano pieces in ABA form that shows emotion were developed during this period. As the century progressed, music became increasingly available and popular among the middle class. Concert halls provided venues for musical performances, and instrumental music was available to a wide audience. Nationalism is reflected in most of the music of the Romantic era. In the previous historical periods, composers borrowed musical styles from Germany, Italy, and France. However, composers of the Romantic period began incorporating their country’s native folk songs and musical styles into their compositions. OBJECTIVES: At the end of this module you, as a learner, are expected to:  Narrate the life and works of Romantic composers after the video and movie showing  Relate Romantic period music to its historical and cultural background  Explain the performance practice during the Romantic period  Listen perceptively to selected Romantic period music  Describe musical elements of given Romantic period pieces  Sing themes or melodic fragments of given Romantic period pieces  Explore other arts and media that portray Romantic period elements  Improvise appropriate instrumental accompaniment to given short and simple Romantic period pieces
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 67 PRE-ASSESSMENT: I. Read the questions carefully and choose the correct answer. 1. Frederick Chopin wrote most of his music for the following instrument. a. Violin b. Flute c. Piano d. Orchestra 2. What does the term “Nationalism” means? a. Being patriotic b. Having a strong feeling for one’s nation c. Pride in one’s own composition d. Pride for another country or culture 3. Name the composer who bridged the Classical Period to the Romantic Period. a. Bach b. Bruckner c. Berlioz d. Beethoven 4. Which of these is not a characteristic of the romantic period? a. A freedom in writing and designing an intense personal expression of self-emotion b. Has a rich variety of piece types c. Has a shape and unity of the theme d. The textures are more expressive e. None of the above 5. Which one of the following is not a type of Program music? a. Song cycle c.Concert overture b. Symphonic poem d. Incidental music II. Identify the composers of the Romantic period from each column. 1 2 3 4 5 Johann Sebastian Bach Ludwig van Beethoven Franz Liszt Richard Wagner Arnold Schoenberg Franz Schubert Robert Schumann Igor Stravinsky Camille Saint- Saëns Claude Debussy Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Ryan Cayabyab Ramon Santos Edward Grieg Frederic Chopin
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 68 WHAT TO KNOW MUSIC OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD 1820-1910 Romantic Period is described as a cultural movement that stressed emotion, imagination, individualism and freedom of expression. These characteristics are evident in music, art and literature of the era. Nationalism was also incorporated in the music of the Romantic period. An example of a composition that shows nationalism is the Polonaise of Frederic Chopin, which is a dance composition for piano and is famous in Poland until today. Ludwig Van Beethoven bridged the music from Classical to Romantic era by expressing his passion and emotions through his music. Other composers were inspired by this musical style that they started to use music as a means of expressing their emotions and individuality. This change in musical form also paved the way for expanding the orchestra as the composers explored various instrumentations. Piano music of the Romantic period is in free form such as fantasy, rhapsody, ballade and nocturne. Program music was expressed in tone poems such as Symphony Fantastique. Most of the musical compositions of the era portray literature, history, emotions, and nature. VIOLIN AND STRINGS MUSIC NICCOLO PAGANINI He was born in October 27, 1782 in Genoa, Italy in a family of six children. His musical skills started with playing the mandolin at the age of five. He eventually transferred his training to the violin at the age of seven with different violin professors in Italy. His violin teachers could not keep up with the progress of his violin skills that he kept on transferring from one violin teacher to another. This led him to adopt all his teachers’ influences in playing the violin.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 69 Paganini became the most famous violin virtuoso in the world. However, together with his fame came the rumors about his amazing violin skills that was said to be a gift from the devil and that he sold his soul in exchange for those skills. He was also rumored to have a problem with women and gambling. His compositions inspired a lot of other composers such as Franz Liszt, Frederic Chopin and Robert Schumann. Some Works of Niccolo Paganini:  “La Campanella”  24 Caprices for Solo Violin, Op. 1  Concerto No. 1 in Eb , Op. 6  15 Quartets for Guitar and Strings Trio  The Carnival of Venice PIANO MUSIC Piano music of the Romantic period was filled with innovations. Most of the compositions require a high level of virtuosity. Some were reinventions of sonatas from the Classical era. Today, some piano compositionsfrom the Romantic period havebeen adapted into songs. An example of this isChopin’s Etude Op. 10, No. 3 in E major that was used for the song “No Other Love”. 1. FREDERIC CHOPIN Frederic Chopin was known as the “Poet of the Piano”. He was born on March 1,1810 in Zelazowa, Poland. Frederic Chopin began to play piano at age 4. He composed polonaise at the age of 7. He studied piano at Warsaw Conservatory under Wilhelm Würfel and most of his music was influenced by folk music. He finished his formal education at the higher school in 1829 and soon traveled to Europe giving concerts in places such as Vienna, Munich, Paris, and London. He wrote almost exclusively for piano. He made extensive use of piano pedal in most of his compositions. Chopin composed almost primarily for the piano and some of his most well known compositions are Fantasie in F minor, Op. 49, Revolutionary Etude, Op. 10, No. 12 and 24 Preludes, Op. 28.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 70 In 1831, Chopin arrived in Paris and met other legendary composers such as Franz Liszt, Felix Mendelssohn and Robert Schumann. During this time in Paris, Chopin met and married the famous French writer George Sand which later became a source of inspiration as well as a maternal figure in Chopin’s life. In the latter part of Chopin’s life, his health began to decline and he was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. Chopin died on October 17, 1849, in Paris. Chopin’s music is recognized worldwide for its beauty and his works on the piano are mainstays in the piano repertoire. Some of hismusic is characterized byits beautiful tone, rhythmic flexibility, grace and elegance. Some of his compositions like mazurkas and polonaise express his love for Poland. Chopin is famous for the following:  BALLADE- a verse form or narrative that is set to music  ETUDE –a piece composed for the development of a specific technique.  MAZURKA - a Polish dance in triple time signature  NOCTURNE - an instrumental composition of a pensive, dreamy mood, for the piano  POLONAISE - aslow Polish dance in triple time that consists of a march or procession  PRELUDE - a short piece of music that can be used as a preface, and introduction to another work or may stand on its own  WALTZ - aGerman dance in triple meter  IMPROMPTU–a short free-form musical composition usually for a solo instrument, like the piano  SCHERZO - a musical movement of playful character, typically in ABA form  SONATA - composition for one or more solo instrumentsusually consisting of three or four independent movements varying in key, mood, and tempo
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 71 2. FRANZ LISZT The best word that describes the works of Franz Liszt is “virtuosity”. He was known as the virtuoso pianist, a composer and the busiest musician during the romantic era. He played and studiedin Vienna and Paris whileperforming in concerts inthe rest of Europe. Liszt was born in the village Doborjan, Hungary. He displayed remarkable talent at a young age and easily understood sight reading.His father was his first teacher at age six. A turning point came when, in his early twenties, Liszt heard the virtuoso violinist NiccoloPaganini perform so he decided to dedicate himself in becoming a virtuoso pianist. He was known for his symphonic poemswhere he translatedgreat literary works into musical compositions. He also made piano transcriptions of operas and famous symphonies. Many of his piano compositions are technically challenging pieces. He was also known with his generosity in sharing time and money to the orphans, victim of disasters and the many students he taught music for free. Some of Liszt’s Piano works:  La Campanella  Liebestraume No. 3  Liszt's "Hungarian Rhapsodies" were originally written for solo piano, but many were arranged for orchestra or other combinations of instruments.The Hungarian Rhapsody No.2 is the most popular and was the basis for the Tom & Jerry cartoon called the Cat Concerto  Un Sospiro  Sonata in B Minor  Arrangements of the 9 Beethoven Symphonies  Transcriptions of Lieder by Schubert ORCHESTRAL COMPOSITION  Symphonic Poems (Hamlet, Les Preludes)
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 72 3. ROBERT SCHUMANN One of the famous Romantic composers that beautifully combined music and words is Robert Schumann. He was a composer and music critic. Robert Alexander Schumann was born in 1810 in Zwickau. His father wanted him to study law and so in 1821, Schumann went to Leipzig to study law.However, he spent most of his time with musical and literary circles thru the effort of Friedrich Wieck who took some time to teach Schumann how to play the piano. It was also this time when he wrote some of his first piano compositions. He eventually convinced his family that he should put aside law in favor of a performing career. In 1830, Schumann went to live with Wieck in Leipzig. He soon developed a problem with his hands, effectively ending his dreams as a pianist. It was in 1834 when Schumann founded the music journal, Jornal Neue Zeitschrift fur Musik, wherein he edited and wrote music criticism for his publication. He wrote numerous write-ups and one of which was the performance of Frederic Chopin in Paris, France. In his journal, Schumann often wrote under two pseudonyms - Eusebius (his sensitive, lyrical side) and Florestan (his fiery, stormy side). Piano Works  "Abegg Variations," Opus 1(1830)  "Davidsbundlertanze" ("Dances of the Band of David"), Opus 6 (1837)  "Carnaval," Opus 9 (1835) - a portrait of a masked ball attended by his allies and his beloved Clara  "Phantasiestucke," Opus 12 (1837) - a series of mood pieces  Kreisleriana," Opus 16 (1838) - a fantasy on the mad Kapellmeister  "Kinderszenen," Opus 15 (1838) - a poetic series of evocations of a child's world Robert Schumann Photography by: Joseph Kriehuber, 1839
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 73 He wrote over 100 Art Songs. Some of which are:  "Frauenliebe und Leben" ("A Woman's Love and Life")  "Dichterliebe" ("A Poet's Love") Orchestral music:  "Piano Concerto in A Minor," Opus 54  "Overture, Scherzo  “Finale," Opus 52 (a mini symphony)  "Konzertstuck in F Major for Four Horns and Orchestra," Opus 86 PROGRAM MUSIC Program music is an instrumental composition that conveys images or scenes to tell a short story without text or lyrics.It entices the imagination of the listener. COMPOSERS OF PROGRAM MUSIC: 1. HECTOR BERLIOZ Hector Berlioz is a French romantic composer born on December 11, 1803. At his young age, he learned to play guitar and flute but never became skilled in a specific musical instrument. His father was a physician who sent Hector to medical school but he ended up pursuing a career in music. One of his famous musical compositions is a five movement symphony called “Symphonie Fantastique”. In this composition which is also known as “Fantastic Symphony”, Berlioz showcased the important features in his composition in creating tone color. He assembled hundreds of musicians to produce a powerful sound. In most of his compositions, he made tone color as the basic part of his musical language. Hector Berlioz Photograph by : François-Marie- Louis-Alexandre Gobinet de Villecholle, 1865
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 74 STORY OF SYMPHONIE FANTASTIQUE: A young, extremely sensitiveand imaginative musician tries to kill himself with opium due to depression caused by discouraged love. Unfortunately, the dose was not enough and does not kill him but instead, plunges him into a heavy sleep flocked with nightmares. His experiences, feelings and memories are translated into hallucinations of musical thoughts and images. The girl he loveswas transformed into a melody and like a recurring theme, he meets and hears everywhere. Each movement of the symphony refers to a different vision in the young musician’s mind. SEQUENCE OF SYMPHONIE FANTASTIQUE: MOVEMENT TITLE TEMPO FORM 1ST MOVEMENT Reveries/Passion Largo (slow introduction) Allegro agitato e appasionado assai (agitated and very impassioned allegro) 2ND MOVEMENT A Ball Allegro non troppo The second movement is a waltz ABA form 3RD MOVEMENT Scene in the Country Adagio waltz ABA Coda Form 4TH MOVEMENT March to the Scaffold Allegretto non troppo Composed of two different themes 5TH MOVEMENT Dream of a Witches Sabbath Larghetto allegro Most fantastic of the movement
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 75 2. PETER ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY (Pyotr Ilyich Chaykowsky) Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky who was born on May 7, 1840 in Votkinsk, Russia,was known for his ballet music. He first studied law and became a law clerk in St. Petersburg in his twenties. He rebelled and began to study music at the conservatory also in St. Petersburg. As a big fan of Mozart, Tchaikovsky studied composition with Anton Rubinstein and moved to Moscow and started teaching at the new conservatory. He continued his music career in New York despite having marital problems and became famous after composing the musical poem “Fatum” and “Romeo and Juliet”. He composed haunting melodies and used a great deal of folk music in his symphonic works. Unfortunately, there are very few surviving manuscripts written by Tchaikovsky. His fame peaked in the last ten years of his life and later died due to cholera. Tchaikovsky’s Famous Compositions:  Swan Lake  Sleeping Beauty  The Nutcracker  Romeo & Juliet  1812 Overture  Symphony No. 2  Symphony No. 6 “Pathetique”  Piano Concerto No. 1 3. CAMILLE SAINT-SAËNS Camille Saint-Saëns was known as a talented musician from an early age. He was born in Paris on October 9, 1835 and started his music through the help of his aunt by teaching him piano lesson when he was only two years old and afterward he began composing piano piece at age three. Peter Tchaikovsky Photograph by: Edwin Evans, 1906 Camille Saint-Saens Photography by: Societe des Auteurs Photographes, Paris, 1918
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 76 He was considered as a composer who creates elegant music, neat, clean, polished and never excessive. One of this is example is “The Swan”. As an organist and one of the best pianists of his time, he sat very still at the piano and played gracefully and cool. Some of the facts during the peak of his career in musician and composer, many beautiful building, churches and instruments were being built in France which includes the famous Eiffel Tower. Best known music of Camille Saint-Saëns:  Carnival of the Animals  Danse Macabre and his SymphonyNo. 3  The Swan  Over 300 works, unusually in all genres, including o 3 operas (Samson and Delilah the only one remembered) o 5 Symphonies (best known No3 the Organ Symphony ) o 3 concertos for violin and orchestra o 5 concertos for piano and orchestra o 2 concertos for cello and orchestra o organ music o numerous pieces for the piano o approximately 100 songs o chamber music o sacred music including a Requiem
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 77 GROUP ACTIVITY: MUSICAL CONCEPT RAPPING Divide the class into 3. Each group will report the assigned topic and present the report in RAP style.The group can use instrumental music as accompaniment for RAP music. Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Violin and Strings Music Piano Music Program Music Rap / Song Rubric Criteria 4 3 2 1 Originality & Appearance Presentation show considerable originality and inve ntiveness. The cont ent andideas are presented in a unique and interesting way. Excellent use of graphics and background. Presentation shows some originalityand inventiveness. The content and ideas are presented in an interesting way. Good use of graphics and backgrounds. Presentation shows an attempt at originality and inventiveness. Fair use of graphics and backgrounds. Presentation is a r educed attempt at originality and inve ntiveness. Reduced use of graphics and backgrounds. Content Information is detail ed, varied, and extensive Includes important interesting information Includes some important and interesting Information. Minimal content. Audio Quality Singing is clear, wit h good diction and appropriate words for the topic. Music is at appropriate level. Not to loud or soft in accordance with singing Audio could be better quality. Music and singing a little out of balance. Either musi c chosen or the singi ng is slightly too loud b ut both still audible Audio could be better quality. Singing could be articulated better. Music or singing overpowering the other making it difficult but still possible to understand both Audio is of very reduced quality (too loud or soft, fuzzy!) Music and singing compete as audio in not properly levelled.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 78 Individual Activity Listening exercise: In the mood for music Write down words to describe the atmosphere and emotions of 2nd movement of SYMPHONY FANTASTIC “a ball”. Symphonie Fantastique 2nd movement – a ball ATMOSPHERE AND EMOTIONS INTRODUCTION 00:00- 00:39 BEGINNING 00:39-02:15 MIDDLE 02:16 – 05:38 END 05:39 – 06:38 MOODS/ATMOSPHERE SCARY SHOCKING EXPLOSIVE MYSTERY JOY CHEERFUL WARM INVITING FRIENDLY NOBLE SERIOUS DARK ADVENTURE CALM/PEACEFUL EXCITMENT
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 79 Individual Activity: LISTENING EXERCISE: LISTEN AND DISCUSS Listen to a recording of one of the composers and answer the following guide questions. 1. What can you say about the flow of the music? 2. Which instruments usually played the melody? 3. What happen to the movement of the tempo? Group Activity: Musical STORY TELLING Group the class into 5. Each group will report the life and music of Romantic period through story telling style. The class will use movement and voice over to introduce the composers. GROUP REPORTER NAME OF COMPOSER GROUP 1 Frederic Chopin GROUP 2 Franz Liszt GROUP 3 Camille Saint-Saëns GROUP 4 Hector Berlioz GROUP 5 Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 80 Rubric for Storytelling Criteria Exemplary Accomplished Developing Beginning Knows the Story Knows the story well; has obviously practiced telling the story; uses no notes; speaks with confidence Knows the story pretty well; some practice; may use notes; fairly confident Knows some of the story; has not practiced; relies on notes; appears uncomfortable Does not know story; reads from notes Voice Always speaks loudly, slowly, and clearly Correct pronunciation; explains unfamiliar words Usually speaks loudly, slowly, and clearly Correct pronunciation; does not explain unfamiliar words May speak too softly or too rapidly; mumbles occasionally Incorrect pronunciation of some words; does not explain unfamiliar words Speaks too softly or too rapidly; mumbles Incorrect pronunciation; does not know what unfamiliar words mean Acting Consistently motivates and assists others Quick to volunteer and assist others Generally works well with others Seldom works well with others Audience Contact Storyteller looks at all the audience; involves them with questions Storyteller looks at a few people in the audience; involves only a few with questions Story told to only 1 to 2 people in the audience; little audience involvement Storyteller does not look at audience; no attempt to involve audience with questions
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 81 Individual Activity: FOLLOW THE MUSIC The classroom will be divided into 7 areas and named according to the famous composers of the Romantic Period. Students will standin the middle of the classroom.As the teacher plays the CD or MP3 recording of the music of the Romantic period, students will identifythe composer and walk to the area of the classroom with the name of the composer. Each correct answer will be given 1 point. (10 points) STUDENTS TCHAIKOVSKY SAINT-SAENS LISZT PAGANINISCHUMANN SCHUBERT CHOPIN
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 82 Suggested music for listening game: 1. Frederic Chopin's, Fantasie Impromptu Op. 66 2. Frederic Chopin's, Nocturne Op. 9 No. 1 in Bb minor 3. Frederic Chopin - Nocturne In E Flat Major, Op.9 No.2 4. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky's famous 1812 Overture 5. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky - Swan Lake Op. 20 6. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky - The Nutcracker Suite 7. Franz Liszt - Liebestraum - Love Dream 8. Franz Liszt - Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 9. Camille Saint-Saëns - The Swan 10.Frederic Chopin- Nocturne no. 19 op. 72 no. 1 E Minor Individual activity PAINT THE MUSIC Listen to the recording of Frederic Chopin's, “Fantasie Impromptu Op. 66” and draw your own interpretation in a piece of Oslo paper. Write a short description of your drawing at the back of the paper.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 83 Group Activity MUSICAL CONCEPT RAPPING Divide the class into 3 groups. Each group will report the assigned topic and present it in RAP style. You can use percussive musical instruments as accompaniment. Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 History and characteristic of the Romantic Music Piano Music Program Music Rap / Song Rubric Criteria 4 3 2 1 Originality & Appearance Presentation sho w considerable originality and inv entiveness. The c ontent and ideas are presented in a unique and interesting way. Excellent use of graphics and background. Presentation shows some originality and inventiveness. The content and ideas are presented in an interesting way. Good use of graphics and backgrounds. Presentation shows an attempt at originality and inventiveness. Fair use of graphics and backgrounds. Presentation is a r educed attempt at originality and inve ntiveness. Reduced use of graphics and backgrounds. Content Information is det ailed, varied, and extensive Includes important interesting information Includes some important and interesting Information. Minimal content. Audio Quality Singing is clear, Music is at appropriate level. Not too loud or soft Audio could be better quality. Music and singing a little out of balance. Audio could be better quality. Singing could be articulated better. Voice quality and music does not blend properly making it hard to understand either one. Audio is of poor quality.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 84 Individual activity Music match Choose the composer of the given music piece from the 2nd column. Write your answer in the box. MUSIC COMPOSER ANSWER OVERTURE 1812 Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Frederic Chopin Franz Liszt Camille Saint-Saëns REVOLUTIONARY ETUDE Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Frederic Chopin Franz Liszt Camille Saint-Saëns WALTZ OF THE FLOWER FROM THE “NUTCRACKER SUITE” Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Frederic Chopin Franz Liszt Camille Saint-Saëns THE SWAN “CARNIVAL OF THE ANIMALS” Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Frederic Chopin Franz Liszt Camille Saint-Saëns NOCTURNE OP. 9 NO. 1 IN Bb minor Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Frederic Chopin Franz Liszt Camille Saint-Saëns
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 85 Group Activity: MUSICAL STORY TELLING Divide the class into 5 groups. Each group will present the life and musical works of the composers of the Romantic Period by setting the story into music. GROUP REPORTER NAME OF COMPOSER GROUP 1 Frederic Chopin GROUP 2 Franz Liszt GROUP 3 Camille Saint-Saëns GROUP 4 Hector Berlioz GROUP 5 Peter Illyich Tchaikovsky Rubrics for Storytelling Criteria Exemplary 5 Accomplished 4 Developing 3 Beginning 2 Knows the Story Knows the story well; has obviously practiced telling the story; does not use any guide cards or idiot boards Knows the story pretty well; with practice; fairly confident with the use of some guide cards or idiot boards Knows some parts of the story; relies on guide cards or idiot boards Does not know the story and completely relies on guide cards or idiot boards Voice Always sings and speaks loudly, slowly, and clearly Correct pronunciation Usually sings and speaks loudly, slowly, and clearly Correct pronunciation May sing and speak too softly or too rapidly; mumbles occasionally Incorrect pronunciation of some words Sings and Speaks too softly or too rapidly; mumbles Incorrect pronunciation Team Collaboration Consistently motivates and assists others Quick to volunteer and assist others Generally works well with others Seldom works well with others Audience Contact Storyteller looks at all the audience; involves them with questions Storyteller looks at a few people in the audience; involves only a few with questions Story told to only 1 to 2 people in the audience; little audience involvement Storyteller does not look at audience; no attempt to involve audience with questions
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 86 Individual Activity: LISTENING EXERCISE: Identify the music Listen to the following Romantic instrumental musicand identify the title and name of the composer. Title composer WHAT TO PROCESS Individual Activity: LISTENING EXERCISE: I CAN NAME THAT MUSIC... Listen to the selected recordings of Romantic instrumental music. Underline the title of the music, composer and types of music for each listening sample. Sample Exercises: music Title of the music composer Listening 1  Etude in Eb minor  Etude in Eb minor  Swan Lake  Sleeping Beauty  Frederic Chopin  Franz Liszt  Hector Berlioz
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 87 Music LISTENING Title of the music Composer Listening 1  Nocturne In E Flat Major, Op.9 No.2  Etude in Eb minor  Swan Lake  Frederic Chopin  Franz Liszt  Hector Berlioz Listening 2  Fantasie Impromptu  Liebestraum - Love Dream  The Nutcracker Suite  Frederic Chopin  Franz Liszt  Hector Berlioz Listening 3  1812 Overture Part 1  The Nutcracker Suite  The swan  Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky  Frederic Chopin  Camille Saint- Saëns Listening 4  The Swan  Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2  Swan Lake Op. 20  Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky  Frederic Chopin  Camille Saint- Saëns Listening 5  Liebestraum - Love Dream The Nutcracker Suite  Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2  Hector Berlioz  Franz Liszt  Camille Saint- Saëns
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 88 Individual Activity: Musical ELEMENTS analysis Listen carefully to the selected recordings of Romantic music. Analyze the music according to its elements and write your answer in the given chart below. Follow the sample activity for musical elements analysis. Sample musical elements analysis: TITLE INSTRUMENTS USED TEXTURE FORM TEMPO Liebestraum Liszt  Piano  Orchestral instruments  Monophony  Homophony  polyphony  Binary (AB)  Ternary (ABA)  Rondo (ABACA)  Fast  Slow  moderate TITLE OF MUSIC INSTRUMENTS USED TEXTURE FORM TEMPO Liebestraum - Love Dream REVOLUTIONARY ETUDE WALTZ OF THE FLOWERS FROM THE “NUTCRACKER SUITE” THE SWAN FROM “CARNIVAL OF THE ANIMALS” NOCTURNE OP. 9 NO. 1 IN Bb minor
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 89 Individual activity LISTENING EXERCISE: LISTEN AND ANALYZE Listen to the music of Frederic Chopin’s “Revolutionary Etude” and answer the following questions: 1. What have you observed in the tempo of the composition? 2. In which of the following compositions is the melodyeasy to recognize? Why? 3. What are the unique characteristics of Romantic music which are not present inOriginal Pilipino Music (OPM)? 4. Which of the following compositionsused more dynamics? Why do you think so? Group Activity MUSICAL VIDEO ANALYSIS Group the class by 3s. Watch, listen and analyze excerpts of“Symphonie Fantastique” and “The Nutcracker Suite”. Answer the following questions given and write your answer in your note book. 1. What did you observe upon listening and viewing the excerpts of “Symphonie Fantastique” and “The Nutcracker Suite”? 2. What are the significant features of the following program music based on the video presented? 3. What have you noticed in the tempo of Hector Berlioz composition? 4. Give at least 5 different moods that you have felt while listening to the music NOTE: The answer may vary based on the observation of the students about the video presented.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 90 Individual Activity PROGRAM MUSIC ANALYSIS OF THE ELEMENTS AND ATMOSPHERE OF THE MUSIC Listen to the recoding of Hector Berlioz Symphonie Fantastique 2nd movement “a ball” and describe the tempo in each given time.Identify the atmosphere or emotions. Symphonie Fantastique 2nd movement – a ball TEMPO ATMOSPHERE AND EMOTIONS INTRODUCTION 00:00 - 00:39 BEGINNING 00:39-02:15 MIDDLE 02:16 – 05:38 END 05:39 – 06:38 MOODS/ATMOSPHERE SCARY SHOCKING EXPLOSIVE MYSTERIOUS JOYFUL CHEERFUL WARM INVITING FRIENDLY NOBLE SERIOUS DARK ADVENTUROUS CALM/PEACEFUL EXCITING
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 91 Individual Activity: Listening analysis for Piano and Program music Listen to the recording of the selected piano compositions and analyze the texture and tempo.Describe the mood of each composition. Sample chart: ROMEO AND JULIET PETER ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY TIME Texture Tempo Moods of the music 1 ST THEME 00:00-2:10 Mystery/calm/peaceful 2ND THEME 02:10-2:50 Serious/lonely 3 RD THEME 02:50-4:20 Mystery/calm/peaceful 4 TH THEME 04:20-5:00 Sad/adventure/ 5 TH THEME 05:00-7:10 Calm/enthralled Frederic Chopin Scherzo No. 2 in B-flat minor, Op. 31 TIME Texture Tempo Mood 1 ST THEME 2 ND THEME 3RD THEME 4TH THEME 5 TH THEME “March To The Scaffold” of Symphonie Fantastique 4th movement TIME Moods of the music 1ST THEME 2 ND THEME 3 RD THEME 4TH THEME 5TH THEME
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 92 Individual Activity Musical score analysis To the Illustrator/Layout Artist: Pls. insert the musical score of Chopin’s etude) Analyze the musical score of Chopin’s Etudes - Op.10 no. 3 and answer the following questions. 1. What is the time signature of the music? 2. What is the key of the composition? 3. Which part of the score demonstrates the changes of the tempo? 4. In your own words, describe the melody of the music. Enhancement activities for understanding Individual Activity Complete the following unfinished sentence. My understanding about the music of the Romantic Period is that… ________________________________________________________________ I realized that most of instrumental music from theRomantic Period are… ________________________________________________________________ The reason why I really appreciate instrumental music from the Romantic Period is because… ________________________________________________________________ I love listening to the romantic music composition because… ________________________________________________________________
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 93 Individual Activity JOURNAL ENTRIES Using a scrap book, old magazine or old notebook, make a journal of weekly music activities. Write something or have a picture of the activity and paste it. You can also write something that you read from any books or articles from the internet that is related to the topic in romantic music. Things to accomplish in journal entry a. Picture of Romantic Composer b. Articles related to Romantic Music c. Lessons learned inside the classroom discussion d. Pictures of music activity done inside or outside the classroom Individual Activity WEEKLY LISTENING LOG Make a weekly log chartand place it in your journal. Listen to radio stations or watch YouTube videos from the internet and write the title, composer time/date and your reflection about the music Sample weekly listening log Title of the song or music composer Time/Date reflection source
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 94 ENHANCEMENT ACTIVITIES FOR PERFORMANCE/PRODUCT Group Activity: Mashup Music Divide the class into 4 groups. Choose any of the instrumental compositions from the Romantic period given below and arrangea 5 minute mash-up music. Each group will make a movement out of the mashup music you created. You can use any free installer from the internet to edit the music. Selected Romantic music for arrangement of composition  Frederic Chopin's, Fantasie Impromptu Op. 66 piano sheet  Frederic Chopin's, Nocturne Op. 9 No. 1 in Bb minor, piano  Frederic Chopin - Nocturne In E Flat Major, Op.9 No.2  Frederic Chopin - Nocturne In E Flat Major, Op.9 No.2  Tchaikovsky's famous 1812 Overture Part 1  Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky - Swan Lake Op. 20  Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky - The Nutcracker Suite  Franz Liszt - Liebestraum - Love Dream  Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 - HD - Franz Liszt Group Activity: MUSICAL POEM 1. Divide the class into 4 groups. 2. Each group will create a 6 stanza poem (4 lines per stanza) based on the assigned Romantic composition. 3. After making the poem, each group will create a melody or adopt a melody from anyOPM song and perform it in the class. GROUP 1 NOCTURNE FREDERIC CHOPIN GROUP 2 LIEBESTRAUM FRANZ LISZT GROUP 3 THE SWAN Camille Saint-Saëns GROUP 4 ROMEO AND JULIET PETER ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 95 Rubrics for musical poem: Category 4 3 2 1 Overall Performance The composition was creative, clean/easy to read, and included all required elements. The melody fit well with the lyrics. The composition was somewhat creative and legible. Most of the required elements were included. The lyrics were rhythmically awkward in a few places. The composition was very basic and somewhat legible to read. At least half of the required elements were included. No fluidity in melody and lyrics. The composition was not complete, and very difficult to read. Under half of the required elements were included. Project will need to be revised. Group Activity PANTOMIME PRESENTATION Divide the class into 3 groups. Each group are assign to interpret the selected recordings of Romantic instrumental music by means of hand mime style presentation. GROUP 1 GROUP 2 GROUP 3 Franz Liszt Liebestraum Love Dream Frederic Chopin Etude Op 25 No 12 in C- minor Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Swan Lake Op. 20
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 96 RUBRICS for Pantomime production: Category 4 3 2 1 MOVEMENT Student expresses emotion by using appropriate gestures, body movements, and facial expressions Student expresses emotion by using some gestures, body movements, and facial expressions Student attempts to use gesture, body movement, and facial expression Student uses limited or inappropriate gesture, body movement, and facial expression CHARACTER Students communicate expressively, illuminating the life and world of the character. Student communicates clearly, expressing the life and world of the Character. Student attempts to express the life and world of the character, But execution is weak. Student uses limited or inappropriateacting technique to Create character. REFLECTION ON WAYS TO IMPROVE Student writes aperceptive reflection on how to improveboth rehearsal and performance. Student writes a proficient reflection clarifying how toimprove bothrehearsal and performance Student writes aweak reflection on how to improve both rehearsal and performance or fails to write about either the rehearsal or the performance Student writes a veryweak reflection on neither the rehearsalor performance
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 97 GLOSSARY: ADAGIO - In a slow tempo, usually considered to be slower than andante but faster than larghetto. Used chiefly as a direction for tempo ALLEGRO - In a quick, lively tempo, usually considered to be faster than allegretto but slower than presto. Used chiefly as a direction ALLEGRETTO - In a moderately quick tempo, usually considered to be slightly slower than allegro but faster than andante. Used chiefly as a direction. BALLADE–A musical piece adapted from a verse form. It usually consists of three stanzas of eight or ten lines each along with a brief representation, with all three stanzas and the representation ending in the same one-line refrain. BALLET - A theatrical presentation of group or solo dancing to a musical accompaniment, usually with costume and scenic effects, conveying a story or theme. CONCERTO - A composition for an orchestra and one or more solo instruments, typically in three movements. ETUDE- A piece composed for the development of a specific point of technique. LARGO - In a very slow tempo, usually considered to be slower than adagio, and with great dignity. Used chiefly as a direction. MAZURKA - A Polish dance resembling the polka, frequently adopted as a ballet form NOCTURNE - An instrumental composition of a pensive, dreamy mood, especially one for the piano. NATIONALISM - Devotion to the interests or culture of one's nation. OVERTURE - An instrumental composition intended especially as an introduction to an extended work, such as an opera or oratorio PIANO MUSIC - sheet music to be played on a piano POLONAISE - A stately, march like Polish dance, or music for piano primarily a promenade by couples. PRELUDE - An introductory performance, event, or action preceding a more important one. PROGRAM MUSIC - Musical compositions intended to depict or suggest non- musical incidents, ideas, or images RUBATO - Rhythmic flexibility within a phrase or measure; a relaxation of strict time SYMPHONIC POEM - A piece of music, most popular in the late 19th century, that is based on an extra musical theme, such as a story or nationalistic ideal, and usually consists of a single extended movement for a symphony orchestra and also called tone poem. SYMPHONY - An extended piece in three or more movements for symphony orchestra.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 98 VIRTUOSO - A musician who performs with masterly ability, technique, or personal style WALTZ - A dance in triple time performed by a couple who, as a pair, turn rhythmically around and around as they progress around the dance floor REFERENCES:  http://www.classicfm.com  http://chestofbooks.com  http://blogs.colum.edu  http://www.collectionscanada.gc.  http://www.classicalarchives.com  http://www.rpo.org  http://www.notablebiographies.com  www.slideshare.com  google.com  http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/  http://beabetterproducer.com  http://www.thefreedictionary.com  http://www.youtube.com/  http://www.p12.nysed.gov  www.liliypond.com
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 101
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 102 LEARNING AREA STANDARD The learner demonstrates an understanding of basic concepts and processes in music and art through appreciation, analysis and performance for his/her self-development, celebration of his/her Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and expansion of his/her world vision. Key- stage STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of music and art of the Philippines and the world, through appreciation, analysis, and performance, for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one‟s world vision. grade level STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of Western music and the arts from different historical periods, through appreciation, analysis, and performance for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one‟s world vision. CONTENT STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of characteristic features of vocal music of the Romantic Period. PERFORMANCE STANDARD The learner sings and performs themes of selected songs from the Romantic Period. Time allotment: 8 hours
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 103 Introduction How do you express your feelings? Is it through writing, painting, dancing, singing or acting? What do you feel when these emotions are not expressed? Vocal music is one of the best tools for expressing one‟s feelings. This form of expression became more evident during the Romantic period. Romanticism coincided with the Industrial Revolution in Western Europe that brought about the rise of socialism and capitalism. The Romantic Period‟s basic quality is emotional subjectivity. Composers explore feelings of grandiosity, intimacy, unpredictability, sad, rapture and longing. Romantic vocal forms like the art song and operas were about fantasy, supernatural, romance and the nature as mirror of the human heart. Virtuoso performers are not only instrumentalists but also singers. One singer sometimes sounds like several characters by use of different vocal register. To fully understand and appreciate vocal music of the Romantic Period, this unit will let you experience the cultural developments and artistic forms of expression of the period. By understanding the past we learn to appreciate the things we enjoy today. Objectives: At the end of this module you, as a learner are expected to:  Narrate the plot, musical and theatrical elements of an opera after video and movie showing.  Listen perceptively to selected art songs and excerpts of opera and classify the different vocal ranges and voice types of opera performers.  Sing themes or melodic fragments of given selected songs.  Analyze the musical structure of the vocal music forms of Romantic Period music.  Explore other arts and media that portray Romantic period elements.  Create/improvise appropriate sounds, music, gestures, movements, and costumes for a chosen opera. Pre-Assessment
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 104 Locate Me Locate and encircle the word related to vocal music of the Romantic period inside the box. The word/s may be arranged horizontally, vertically, diagonally/inverted. Match the words found to the questions given below. P U C C I N I E U P O I R E D E I L T S P D T N E M R A C G E R E W R R N I R L R E N G A W G D E R A V L A B C H E M E P R I G O L L E T O O S C H U B E R T I 1. Romantic Opera composer who wrote his final opera that ends with “All the world‟s a joke.” 2. Late-Romantic Italian composer who composed the score for “La Boheme.” 3. German composer who adapted the leitmotif approach. 4. German term for composition for solo voice and piano. 5. Story set into music with several acts, finales and postludes. 6. Viennese composer who wrote over 600 art songs and the “Unfinished Symphony”. 7. “La Donna e Mobile” is an Aria from this Opera. 8. Georges Bizet‟s famous opera WHAT TO KNOW?
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 105 The parallelisms of music and literature were clearly evident in almost all forms of vocal music during the Romantic period. Composers interpret poems, mood, atmosphere and imagery into music. Musical compositions suc as the art song was written for solo voice and piano. Like all program music, art song has its inspiration from poetry in this period. Mood is often set at the beginning with piano introduction and concluded with a piano postlude. Romantic artists found inspiration in landscapes. Their subjects were traditional myths, legends and folklore usually dealing with the supernatural, grotesque, and less ordinary. Vocal music in this period require singers to perform a greater range of tone color, dynamics and pitch. Because of this, Opera became an important source of musical expressions. The birth of the opera houses came. It was the place where all the arts converged: not only music, but poetry, painting, architecture and the dance as well. OPERA COMPOSERS OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD Franz Peter Schubert The proper name for Franz Schubert songs is actually lieder, which is the German word for songs. Schubert developed lieder so that they had a powerful dramatic impact on the listeners. He tapped the poetry of writers like Johann Goethe. He is considered the last of the Classical composers and one of the first romantic ones. His famous vocal music works/ Lieder were: “Gretchen am Spinnrade”, “Erlkonig”, “Ellens Gesang III” (“Ave Maria”) and “Schwanenge sang” (“Swan Song”). He also wrote piano pieces, string quartets, operetta and the Symphony No.8 in B minor (“Unfinished Symphony”) Schubert was born on the 31st of January 1797 in Himmelpfortgrund, Austria and died in 1828 in Vienna, Austria at 31. Giuseppe Verdi Image by Wilhelm August Rieder 1875
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 106 A name associated with Romantic opera is that of Verdi. His characters are ordinary people and not those of the royal family like those found in German operas. He insisted on a good libretto and wrote operas with political overtones and for middle-class audience. Verdi was born in Parma, Italy on October 9, 1813. He studied in Busseto and later went to Milan where his first opera “Oberto” was performed in La Scala, the most important opera house at the time. Almost all of his works are serious love story with unhappy ending. Expressive vocal melody is the soul of a Verdi opera. He completed 25 operas throughout his career. His final opera ends with “All the world‟s a joke.”Some of his famous operas are still being produced and performed worldwide. His much acclaimed works are; La Traviata, Rigoletto, Falstaff, Otello and Aida were he wrote for the opening of the Suez Canal. He died in Milan, Italy on January 27,1901. Giacomo Puccini Giacomo Puccini was born in a poor family on December 22, 1858 in Lucca, Italy. He studied at the Milan Conservatory. He belonged to a group of composers who stressed realism, therefore, he drew material from everyday life, rejecting heroic themes from mythology and history. Puccini‟s famous operas were: “La Boheme”, “Tosca”, “Madame Butterfly”, and “Turandot”. Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner was born in Leipzig, Germany on May 22, 1813. He attended Leipzig University. He was very much inspired by Ludwig van Beethoven. Wagner introduced new ideas in harmony and in form, including extremes of chromaticism. He also explored the limits of the traditional tonal system that gave keys and chords its Image by Giacomo Brogi 1822-1881 Image by New York 1956 Image by Caesar Willich 1862
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 107 own identity which paved the way for the rise of atonality in the 20th century. Wagner exerted a strong influence on the operatic medium. He was an advocate of a new form of opera which he called “music drama” where musical and dramatic elements were fused together. He developed a compositional style in which the orchestra has of equal importance in dramatic roles as the singers themselves. The expressiveness is aided by the use of “leitmotifs” or musical sequences standing for a particular character/plot element. His famous works are; “Tristan and Isolde”, “Die Walkyrie”, “Die Meistersinger”, “Tannhäuser”, and “Parsifal”. His work would later influence modern film scores, including those of the Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings film series. Wagner died of a heart attack on February 13,1883 at age of 69.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 108 Georges Bizet Georges Bizet was registered with the legal name Alexandre-Cesar-Leopold Bizet, but was baptized Georges Bizet and was always known by the latter name. He was born October 25, 1838 in Paris, France. He entered the Paris Conservatory of music at a very young age. Bizet became famous for his operas. His most famous opera is “Carmen”. However, when “Carmen” first opened in Paris, the reviews were terrible. The shows were criticized in horrible ways that resulted in poor audience attendance. During the first round of “Carmen” performances, Bizet died (June 3, 1875). He was only 36. Four months later, “Carmen” opened in Vienna, Austria, and was a smash hit. It is now one of the most popular operas ever written. Bizet never knew that audiences would come to consider it as his masterpiece. Image by Etienne Carjat 1875
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 109 Individual Activity Listening is an art. The more you listen the better understanding you will have in appreciating the beauty of the vocal music of the Romantic period. You will listen carefully to the following selections and answer the exercises given below. Recall important details about the music and write your answers in your notebook WHICH IS WHICH? Compare two vocal works by listening to these songs entitled, “Gretchen am Spinnrade” by F. Schubert, and “Mutya ng Pasig” by Nicanor Abelardo. Write their characteristics. Title Melody Rhythm Tone Quality Texture “Gretchen am Spinnrade” by F. Schubert Lied/ Art Song ( Range, register, mode, etc.) “Mutya ng Pasig” by Nicanor Abelardo Kundiman Conclusion:____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ REFLECTION: 1. What did you feel? What emotions were evoked/expressed in the music? 2. Which style do you prefer? Why? 3. What are the similarities/differences? Listening Exercise:
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 110 Listen attentively to the Art song, Erlking (1815) by Franz Schubert and fill in the missing word/words from the choices given below each number. _____1.Introduction is played by the__________ a. Violin b. Orchestra c. Piano _____2. Movement of notes are in ___________ a. Leaps b. Steps c. Hopping _____3. Tension was depicted by low steady pitches and ______ movement. a. Homophonic b. Chromatic c. Pentatonic _____4. The father part has a ______ register. a. High b. Low c. Medium _____5. Last part of the piece has a slow piano and then stops with a____. a. Chorus b. Aria c. Recitative Listening Exercise Listen attentively to the Aria, Un bel di, from Madame Butterfly, Act II by Giacomo Puccini and analyze which of the following statements are true about the aria? If the statement is true write VERDI if not write X. _____1.The opening of the aria has a dreamlike quality. _____2.The piece is accompanied by solo violin. _____3.The aria was sang by a baritone. _____4.The text is written in Japanese. _____5.The final climactic moment ends with a very soft crescendo.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 111 ROMANTIC OPERA
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 112 Opera became increasingly popular during the Romantic period. It is a musical composition having all or most of its text set to music with arias, recitative, choruses, duets, trios, etc. sung to orchestral accompaniment. The opera is usually characterized by elaborate costumes, scenery and choreography. Components of an Opera:  Libretto - the text of an opera. Librettist and the composer work closely together to tell the story.  Score - the book that the composer and librettist put together. The score has all the musical notes, words and ideas to help the performers tell the story. Often, there are operas with overtures, preludes, prologues, several acts, finales and postludes.  Recitative - Declamatory singing, used in the prose parts and dialogue of opera. Different roles in operas are created taking into account different types of voices. Each role requires a different type of singer, not only able to sing a given vocal range but also with certain voice characteristics, color and power.  Aria – an air or solo singing part sung by a principal character. This song is what the public will remember best when leaving the opera house. Properly and well sung, a beautiful aria can bring an audience to its feet and decide the fate of an entire opera.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 113 It is also important to know the types of voices of singers. This will serve as a guide for singers on their choice of songs and vocal quality expected of a singer or opera character. For the Male Voice: 1. Tenor- highest male voice 2. Baritone- Middle male voice, lies between Bass and Tenor voices. It is the common male voice. 3. Bass- lowest male voice For the Female Voice: 1. Soprano- highest female voice  Coloratura-highest soprano voice  Lyric-bright and full sound  Dramatic- darker full sound  Mezzo-Soprano- most common female voice; strong middle voice, tone is darker or deeper than the soprano  Contralto- lowest female voice and most unique among female
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 114  Duet, trio, and other small ensemble  Chorus  Orchestra  Acts-main divisions of an opera  Scene- setting or place Composers like Verdi, Puccini and Wagner saw the opportunity to explore ways to develop the vocal power of a singer. Greater range of tone color, dynamics and pitch were employed. Dynamics and vocal embellishments were used to further affect the way singers sing. Some musical terms are used like:  A Capella - one or more singers performing without instrumental accompaniment.  Cantabile - In a singing style  Capo - Head, the beginning  Coda - closing section appended to a movement or song.  Dolce - sweetly  Falsetto - a weaker and more airy voice usually in the higher pitch ranges.  Glissando - sliding quickly between 2 notes/  Passagio - parts of a singing voice where register transitions occur.  Rubato - slight speeding up or slowing down of the tempo of a piece at the discretion of the soloist.  Tessitura - the most comfortable singing range of a singer.  Vibrato - rapidly repeated slight pitch variation during a sustained note, to give a richer & more varied sound.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 115 Here are some examples of the story of 2 famous operas of the Romantic Period: LA TRAVIATA  Music by Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901)  Libretto in Italian by Francesco Maria Piave, based on “La Dame aux Camélias,” play by Alexandre Dumas after his novel by the same name. The play is known in English as “Camille.” Premiere: Venice, March 6, 1853.  Categorized as a Romantic tragedy.  Set in Paris, France during 1850.  Originally in three acts, but present-day productions are usually in four acts dividing the original Act II  ACT I: Violetta‟s Paris salon, luxuriously furnished  ACT II: A villa near Paris  ACT III: Ballroom in Flora‟s mansion  ACT IV: Violetta‟s bedroom
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 116 Synopsis At one of her brilliant supper parties, the beautiful but frail demi- mondaine (a woman supported by a wealthy lover –Merriam Webster Dictionary), Violetta Valéry, meets the well-born Alfredo Germont. They immediately fall in love and she decides to abandon her life of pleasure. Alfredo‟s father did not approve of their lifestyle in the country and demands that Violetta renounce Alfredo. Violetta determined to make the sacrifice, then departs and leaves only a note for Alfredo. She appears at a ball in Flora‟s house on the arm of an old admirer, Baron Douphol which makes Alfredo angry. Alfredo challenges the Baron to play cards where Alfredo wins consistently. Unable to persuade Violetta to go with him, Alfredo insults her. Violetta becomes ill, and all her friends desert her, leaving her virtually penniless. Alfredo returns to Violetta. His father told him of the real story behind Violetta‟s departure from their country house, and urged him to seek her forgiveness. Overjoyed at the sight of him, Violetta attempts to rise but falls into Alfredo‟s arms. Germont and the doctor enter as Violetta dies. REFLECTION: 1. Does the plot of the opera reflect the ideals of the Romantic period? Why? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 2. Do you think the opera “La Traviata” is an opera worth watching? Why? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 117 Madame Butterfly  Music by Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924)  Libretto in Italian by Giuseppe Giacosa and Luigi Ilica.From the short story by John Luther Lung, derived from Pierre Loti‟s tale Madame Chrysantheme.  Romantic tragedy. Set numbers; recitative. Setting: Nagasaki, Japan, at the beginning of the 20th century. Two acts; Act 2 with two parts Synopsis When American naval vessels frequented Japanese seaports, American Lieutenant Benjamin Franklin Pinkerton met Cio-Cio-San (“Butterfly”) and was captivated by her beauty. Pinkerton rented a Japanese house and part of his rental package is his “betrothal” to Cio-Cio-San. Treating the marriage merely as a casual affair, Pinkerton returns to America after the wedding leaving Cio-Cio-San loyally waiting for his return. He marries an American woman named Kate. When he returns to Japan three years later with his American wife, he learns that he bore a son with Cio-Cio-San. Upon learning that Pinkerton had married another woman, Cio- Cio-San kills herself to make sure that Pinkerton takes their son with him.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 118 REFLECT: 1. Does the opera showcase the ideals and emotional whims of Romantic opera?How?______________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 2. What makes this opera different from “La Traviata”? ________________________________________________________ Individual Activity WHo’S THAT VoICE? Listen to the following excerpts from different Arias and identify the dominating vocal range by shading the circle. ARIA MALE FEMALE 1.La Donna e mobile o Tenor o Baritone o Bass o Soprano(coloratura) o Mezzo-soprano o Contralto 2.Nessum Dorma o Tenor o Baritone o Bass o Soprano(coloratura) o Mezzo-soprano o Contralto 3.Libiamo o Tenor o Baritone o Bass o Soprano(coloratura) o Mezzo-soprano o Contralto 4.Un bel di redremo o Tenor o Baritone o Bass o Soprano(coloratura) o Mezzo-soprano o Contralto 5.VISSI d’ArTE o Tenor o Baritone o Bass o Soprano(coloratura) o Mezzo-soprano o Contralto 6.QUAndo m’En Vo o Tenor o Baritone o Bass o Soprano(coloratura) o Mezzo-soprano o Contralto 7.Ave Maria o Tenor o Baritone o Bass o Soprano(coloratura) o Mezzo-soprano o Contralto
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 119 REFLECTION: 1. How were the singers able to relay the message of the music? 2. Is it important for composers to consider the vocal range or classification of his singer? Why? 3. What is your overall impression of the performance? 4. If a popular singer today will also perform the songs you just listen, would he/she be able to perform the same way as the one you‟ve just listen? Why? 5. Research and paste pictures of some famous modern opera singers today in your activity notebook. Individual Activity Look for famous opera and popular singers today and try to identify their voice classification. Don‟t limit your research on foreign artists but also our local singers today. Name of Artist Voice Classification 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 120 Group Activity: MUSIC CHART Your teacher will assign each group with an aria from famous operas of the Romantic Period. Listen perceptively and fill in the chart below with information about the composition assigned to your group. As for the musical elements, listen first to the songs before filling in the chart. Composer 5 facts about the composer 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 Title Year of Composition Style of performance ( Solo Vocal with orchestral accompaniment) Tone Color Draw the melodic contour Rhythm :  Meter  Tempo Harmony ( monophonic, homophonic or polyphonic) Describe the overall performance. Share your thoughts, feelings, story and images that you imagined while listening.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 121 Suggested additional listening resources:  Rigoletto-“La Donna e Mobile”-G.Verdi http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCFREk6Y8TmM  Turandot-“Nessun Dorma”-G. Puccini http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdTBm14o0Z8  La Traviata-“Libiamo ne lieti calici”-G.Verdi http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOhQ1Wdiik  Madame Butterfly-“Un bel di redremo”- G. Puccini http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPUSqOeApVe  Gretchen am Spinnrade- F. Schubert .http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSneYMIdY-k  “Erlking”- F. Schubert http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9fHa6caCMc  Carmen- “L‟amour”- G. Bizet http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8w9yJdkeryI Individual Activity: NAME THAT TUNE! Can you recall all the songs that you were able to listen? Let us see if you could name the tune with just a few melodic fragments from the song. Write the title and also the composer. TITLE COMPOSER 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 122 WHAT TO process: Training to sing for opera usually requires a long process of voice lessons or study. It also requires a lengthy time of practice for you to master your voice. For many singers, the long process of studying also means starting early in life. The list below shows you the different aspects that you need to learn as you train for opera.  Sound/ Tone Color: For opera, the performance is about the quality of sound that the singer makes. Singing opera requires you to sing long phrases and to sing loud enough to be heard over an orchestra in large halls.  “Bel Canto” technique: When singing opera, the focus of the performance is on the singing technique. Opera technique is called bel canto, which literally means beautiful singing. This is done by singing with your mouth and throat wide open and used with the proper breath support to project the voice through the entire hall. Endurance for long operas is an issue for singers. You have to practice a lot so that you can sing well for the entire length of the opera, which can be two to four hours.  Language: Opera singers often sing in Italian, French, German, or Russian. You don‟t have to be fluent in all these languages, but you want to be familiar enough with them that you can easily sing and sound like you are fluent in these languages.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 123 Individual Activity:THE VOICE In this activity evaluate the voice classification of the people around you. You can choose the people in your own home or at your school. List down their names and let them sign in after you evaluate their type of voice. NAME RANGE SIGNATURE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. REFLECTION: 1. Why is it important to know our voice type? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 2. In choosing songs, is it important to consider the type of voice the singer has? Why? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 124 Fundamentals of Singing  Breathing There are two sides of breathing-inhaling and exhaling- and both play an important role in singing. Breathing is a natural biological function but you can control how you breathe in order to develop your best singing voice. Learn how to expand your lung capacity, control your exhalation, and release air without making breathing noises. Individual Activity The teacher will give you some breathing exercises and try to rate yourself by filling in the checklist below. TYPE OF EXERCISE GOOD FAIR DIFFICULT 1. Why do you think singers should know how to breathe correctly?
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 125  Controlling Tone Quality The timbre of the voice describes its tone quality. Some singers refer to “head” and “chest” voice. Generally, the lower the pitch, the lower it resonates. The voice often “breaks” and the tone quality changes on certain pitches. The key is to realize that the registers are not actually separate mechanism, just have different levels on a continuous scale. Individual Activity With the use of a keyboard the teacher will let you sing a few notes and try to evaluate which is better technique for you. Reflect: 1. While singing which is more comfortable for you to use the “head” or the “chest”? 2. Which do you prefer, singing the high notes or lower pitches?  Posture Proper posture promotes efficient breathing which is essential to projection, tone quality, and vocal range. The ideal posture for singing is erect yet relaxed. Overall good health and physical fitness are also important.  Vocal Range One major goal of every singer is to have a well-developed and impressive singing range. In order to achieve this, a singer should establish good vocal habits in the most comfortable placement of the voice and then slowly expanding the range.  Endurance Singers are expected to perform well even it will take an hour or more to perform. Endurance is expected from singers who also practice long hours to give a good and memorable performance. Even today popular singers still showcase their talents to a high level of performance. The need to capture the audience with their extraordinary vocal ability is still the main reason for showcasing their talents. Many musical plays are inspired by these operas of the Romantic Period. They emulate the same intense emotions but are now put into the present context.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 126 Individual Activity: MY X-FACTOR You have been introduced to the different vocal techniques that singers apply to achieve that great performance. It is now your turn to try these techniques in your advantage by performing any song of your choice and sing it in front of an audience. Imagine that you are auditioning for a role in an Opera. Rubric for Singing Performance CRITERIA 10 ADVANCED 8 PROFICIENT 7 BASIC 5 MINIMAL Posture Standing/sitting straight. Feet flat on the floor. Head up and never needs to be reminded about posture. Standing/sitting straight. Feet flat on the floor. Head up and must be reminded about posture. Standing but either slouching/leaning. Standing but without both feet on the floor Will not follow directions for standing or sitting properly. Projection Singing at appropriate volume (audible, not shouted) independently. Singing with appropriate volume yet not shouted with prompting from teacher Singing without confidence. Poor breath support. Will not sing Tone Quality Singing with appropriate fullness of tone. Singing, though with poor breath support. Mumbling, speaking, shouting Will not sing Diction Student articulates clearly and the text of the music is understandable. Student articulates the words somewhat clearly and the text can be understood most of the time. Student is sometimes articulating the words, but the text is often not discernable. No clue as to what the student is singing. Total Points: _________
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 127 WHAT TO understand In the Philippines, the sarsuwela, also known as the „drama simbolico‟ was a traditional theatre genre that dominated the Philippine theatre scene over one hundred years. It was first introduced by Dario Cespedes.Like the Opera of the Romantic period its storyline was commonly based on domestic issues that often exemplified a strong sense of Filipino nationalism and anguish against the country‟s foreign imperialists. Famous writers of sarsuwela include Benigno Zamora, Severino Reyes and Clodualdo del Mundo. Dalagang Bukid (Country Maiden, 1919) is arguably the most popular sarsuwela in Tagalog. Today, singers like Maria Callas and Kirsten Chenoweth are famous because of their performances of different operas and musical plays abroad. In the Philippines artist like Isay Alvarez, Robert Seňa, Monique Wilson, Jaime Rivera and Leah Salonga also became famous not only in the local scene but abroad as well for their roles in musical plays like the “Miss Saigon.” In fact Leah Salonga won various international awards like the Olivier, Tony, Drama Desk and Theatre World awards. She also received the Order of Lakandula Award from Philippine president Gloria Macapagal- Arroyo in recognition of her excellence in her craft and for using her talents to benefit Philippine society. Individual Activity: Listen to aria, “Un bel di”, from “Madame Butterfly”, Act II and compare this with the solo song “I‟d Give My Life For You” from “Miss Saigon”. Evaluate their performance by filling in the checklist with the following figures. Draw: = BEST = GOOD = FAIR Vocal Performance Criteria “Un bel di” (One beautiful day) Aria:Cio-cio San Madame Butterfly “I’d Give My Life For You” Solo:Kim Miss Saigon
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 128 Breathing Support/Control Placement of sounds Endurance Reflect: 1. Which performance do you prefer? Why? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 2. Is it possible for trained opera singers to perform the same as the modern musical play singers? Yes or No? Why? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Individual Activity: LET’S WATCH A MOVIE! You are going to watch a modern version of what an opera is. Watch for the different components of opera being shown in the movie. Then take note of the important details about the plot, the characters, musical and theatrical elements present in the film. Answer the following questions: 1. What is your overall impression of the film? 2. From viewing, cite the important components needed to produce an Opera? 3. Did the film teach you how to have a good understanding on how to perform in an opera? 4. In what ways do operas help people learn about the culture of other people? 5. How will you help other people in the future to understand and appreciate theatrical performances like the Opera?
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 129 Group Activity ROMANTIC’S SCRAPBOOK Work in groups. Make a collection of famous Romantic opera synopsis and musical pieces from the internet and other music books. Compile the examples according to the composer and their style. From your compilation of musical pieces/arias each group will also sing an example of these to the class. CRITERIA 4 3 2 1 ADVANCED PROFICIENT BASIC MINIMAL CONTENT Complete information, accurate and appropriate details. Main points are covered but lack some detail. Some main points and details are missing. Main points are not complete and are greatly lacking Pictures, photographs and drawings or other similar devices add to the overall effectiveness. Captions are relevant and explanatory Number and types of visuals are adequate as are captions. More and better visuals could be used; captions only identify and label rather than explain. Very little pictorial representation is present; captions are incomplete. Space, shapes and colors add to the overall effectiveness of the scrapbook. Design elements and principles used are adequate. Shows evidence of use of some design elements and principles. No consideration of design elements and principles. Sources are properly and thoroughly cited Minimum sources are present and are cited properly Sufficient number/types of sources are lacking. List of sources are inadequate. THEME There is wholeness about the scrapbook. The cover clearly identifies the theme. Most of the information relates to the theme of the scrapbook. Only a portion of the information relates to the theme of the scrapbook Confusing and inconsistent. LANGUAGE Spelling, punctuation, and grammar are used with a high degree of accuracy. Spelling, punctuation, and grammar are used accurately. Spelling, punctuation, and grammar are used but there are some mistakes. A significant number of errors are made in spelling, punctuation and grammar. OVERALL EFFECTIVENESS Requirements of the assignment have been exceeded. The scrapbook is very creative and interesting. All the requirement have been fulfilled. The scrapbook is neat and presentable. Only some of the areas of the scrapbook lack neatness. Few of the assignment requirements have been met. The presentation as a whole lacks neatness. Total Points:_______________
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 130 WHAT TO PERFORM? “All the world's a stage, and all the men and women merely players: they have their exits and their entrances; and one man in his time plays many parts, his acts being seven ages.” - William Shakespeare, “As You Like It” It is your time to showcase your talent just as many had done in the Romantic Period. Remember the importance of applying the creative process in every project you will present to your audience. Group Activity: THE STAGE IS YOURS! The class will be grouped into 4. Each group should create a plot/story about either of the following themes: A. Love for country B. Love of parents for their children. C. Love story of a young boy and a lady. D. Social relevant issues ( i.e poverty, OFW and natural calamity) Procedure for the final output: 1. Submit a copy of your story line together with the list of recorded songs that you are planning to use. You are only going to adapt original Pilipino songs without changing the lyrics. 2. Decide among yourselves what task to take on; singer, dancer, costume maker, choreographer and technical staff. Display cooperation and active involvement in the group activity. 3. Evaluate the success of the different aspects of the performance by completing the chart below. qyldtw
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 131 ASPECTS OF THE PERFORMANCE STRONG /COMMENDABLE ASPECT AREA THE PERFORMANCE NEEDS TO IMPROVE ON Singers Dancers Choice of Music Choreography Overall Performance Rubrics for Vocal Performance 10  Proficient: Virtually no errors. Pitch is very accurate. Tone is consistently focused, clear, and pleasing all throughout. Shows excellent voice quality, expressive and with rhythmic accuracy 9  Approaching Proficiency: Occasional error but most of the time pitch is accurate and secure. Tone is focused, clear, and pleasing through the normal singing range. 8  Developing: Some accurate pitches, but there are frequent and or repeated errors. Tone is often focused, and clear, but sometimes the tone is uncontrollable 7  Basic: Very few accurate or secure pitches. The tone is often not focused, clear or pleasant regardless of the range. Sometimes mumbles, shouts, and sing inappropriately. Rubrics for Dance/Choreography 10  Proficient: Demonstrate excellent knowledge of the choreography and do it well. 9  Approaching Proficiency: Demonstrate good knowledge of choreography. Few errors however it does not interfere with performance. 8  Developing: Demonstrates knowledge of choreography with some errors. 7  Basic: Demonstrates some knowledge of choreography but unsure of some movements and look lost and out of sync with others.
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 132 Rubrics for Group Performance 10  Proficient: Focused, clear tone all throughout with accurate rhythm and secure pitch, consistent and sensitive phrasing and obvious dynamics, with creative nuances in response to the style and music score; props used and movements are consistent with the theme and are helpful in conveying the message. 9  Approaching Proficiency: Focused and clear tone in normal range, accurate rhythm and secure pitch with isolated errors, accurate dynamics, with some nuances in style as suggested by the teacher; props used and some movements inconsistent with the theme of the composition. 8  Developing: Focused tone but inconsistent in extreme range, some repeated errors in rhythm and pitch, consistent phrasing, dynamics, some nuances in style as suggested by the teacher; props used and movements inconsistent with the theme of the composition. 7  Basic: Unfocused tone, erratic rhythm, unstable pitch, inconsistent phrasing, dynamics and shows minimal awareness to style and context; props used and movements irrelevant to the theme of the composition. TOTAL POINTS:__________ REFLECTION: 1. How did the actor use their volume, tempo, vocal quality and articulation? 2. Were the emotions true to the character? 3. How did the actor project orally and visually to the audience? 4. Were the costumes and make-up true to the setting and characters? 5. What was your overall opinion of the musical play? 6. Enumerate problems you encountered while in the process of creating your storyline, the choice of songs, costumes and props and the stage. SUMMARY:
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 133 Heralded by the French Revolution, the Romantic Period was one of subjectivity. The music is intensely emotional, deriving its strength from massive forces and vivid orchestration. It was also in this period, hat the virtuoso emerged and performed in numerous concerts. The Romantic Era brought further changes in the world of vocal music. The art song (lied) became a special category of vocal music. Composers made great strides during this time to closely associate the text or words of a piece with its musical counterpart. The real achievements of the Romantics in theatre were in opera. One of the striking characteristics of the late 18th and early 19th centuries is the development of the idea of romantic love linked to marriage. Romantic operatic voice is trained to be full and rich, powerful enough to fill an opera house in the days before electronic amplification. GLOSSARY: Aria - solo singing part in an Opera Bel canto - beautiful singing Chromaticism - The use of notes foreign to the mode or diatonic scale upon which composition is based Coloratura - type of operatic soprano who specializes in music that is distinguished by agile runs and leaps Leitmotifs - musical sequences standing for a particular character/plot element. Libretto - book or story of the opera Lieder - German word for songs Mezzo-soprano - Female vocal range between soprano and alto; have a tone that is darker than sopranos but lighter than altos Overtures - An instrumental composition intended especially as an introduction to an extended work, such as an opera Postlude - a closing piece of music
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 134 Preludes – a short piece generally played as an introduction to another larger musical piece Prologues - An introduction or preface REFERENCES: Readings: Wright, Craig (2010) Listening to Music 5th Edition Kamien, Roger (2008) Music An Appreciation 9th Edition Yudkin, Jeremy ( 2012) Understanding Music 7th Edition Machlis, Joseph and Forney, Kristine (2011) The Enjoyment of Music 9th Edition Recordings: La donna e mobile. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCFREk6Y8TmM Libiamo, ne „lieti.http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOhQ1Wdiik Nessun Dorma. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdTBm14o0Z8 Gretchen am Spinnrade.http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSneYMIdY-k Vissi d‟arte.http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=-OIEoUb8jk Un bel vi dremo, Angela Gheorghiu http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPUSqOeApVe Ave Maria.Luciano Pavarotti.http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPvAQxZsgpQ La Boheme-Quando m‟en vo.http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVQNVoc2_Og Mutya ng Pasig.Conching Rosal. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=wF6-i- ROnXU Erlkönig, Joseph Mikolaj http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9fHa6caCMc
MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 135 La‟mour http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=8w9yJdkeryI Miss Saigon- I‟d Give My Life for You http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjUBxDUFZco

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In this document
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Introduces Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque music periods; covers Gregorian chants, troubadour music, and key characteristics of each era. Discusses the characteristics of Medieval music, focusing on Gregorian chants, Troubadour music, and typical instruments and forms.

Explores the cultural context and significant developments of Renaissance music, emphasizing the role of prominent composers and the emergence of polyphony.

Describes the features of Baroque music, highlighting influential composers, music forms such as concerto and fugue, and stylistic elements.

Details assessment activities to evaluate knowledge of Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque music through listening and performance tasks.

Introduces the Classical music period (1750-1820) and the standard musical forms, composers, and the overall cultural context during this time.

Discusses the significance of sonatas, concertos, and symphonies in the Classical music period, highlighting key composers and their contributions.

Explores the Romantic period (1820-1910), highlighting emotional expression, important composers, and the evolution of musical styles and forms.

Examines the significance of vocal music in the Romantic period, including operatic styles, famous composers, and the thematic depth of their works.

MAPEH Music Grade 9

  • 1.
    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 1 To the illustrator: Using the blank map of Europe, place pictures of ALL the composers featured in EACH UNIT around the map and put arrows pointing to the country where they come from. Maybe you can use better looking arrows and format the composer’s pictures in an oval shape. The writers would like to show where the composers come from. I am attaching a file of the blank map and please edit it with the corresponding name and fill it the needed area with different colors. Please follow the example below. (Check the pictures of the composers and their hometowns in all the units.)
  • 2.
    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 2 LEARNING AREA STANDARD The learner demonstrates an understanding of basic concepts and processes in music and art through appreciation, analysis and performance for his/her self-development, celebration of his/her Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and expansion of his/her world vision. key - stage STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of music and art of the Philippines and the world, through appreciation, analysis, and performance, for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. grade level STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of Western music and the arts from different historical periods, through appreciation, analysis, and performance for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. CONTENT STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of the characteristic features of the music of the medieval, the renaissance and the baroque periods. PERFORMANCE STANDARD The learner …  Performs selected songs from the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque periods.  Chants  Madrigals  Excerpts from Oratorio  Chorales  Troubadour Time allotment: 8 hoursTime allotment: 8 hoursTime allotment: 8 hoursTime allotment: 8 hours
  • 3.
    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 3 INTRODUCTION The first three periods of Western Music History are classified as Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque. Each period has its distinctive characteristics, historical and cultural background. A type of music from the Medieval Era is Gregorian Chant, which was mainly used in the early Christian church. Music during the Renaissance Period became an important leisure activity. Members of the upper class were expected to have received musical training. Imitative polyphony is the distinctive characteristic of Renaissance music. The Baroque Period is characterized by grand and elaborate ornamentation of sculptures, theaters, arts and music. The music genres which flourished during the Baroque Period were the Concerto, the Fugue, the Oratorio and the Chorale. Music evolved alongside with man’s constant quest for growth and development. OBJECTIVES At the end of this module you, as a learner, are expected to:  Listen perceptively to selected vocal and instrumental music of Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Periods.  Explain the performance practice (setting, composition, role of composers/performers and audience) of Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Periods.  Relate Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque music to its historical and cultural background through dramatization.  Sing selections of medieval chants, troubadour songs, madrigals, and oratorios with correct pitch, rhythm, expression and style.  Describe musical elements of given Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque music.  Explore other arts and media that portray Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque elements.  Improvise appropriate accompaniment to given Medieval and Renaissance songs.  Create and perform songs in Gregorian and Troubadour styles.  Play simple melodies of a chorale and provide accompaniment.
  • 4.
    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 4 PRE – ASSESSMENT To assess what you know about the music of the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Periods, answer the following activities. Part I. Guess Who? You will need: Pictures of different composers Name of the composers written in strips of cardboard. Do as Directed: 1. Divide the class into five groups. 2. Each group will take turns in trying to name each composer until all pictures have been named. 3. Write the name of each composer below the picture. NOTE: These pictures may be placed on the board by your teacher.
  • 5.
    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 5 Gregorian Chants Mass Fugue Concerto Grosso Troubadour Music Oratorio Madrigal Chorale Part II. Guess When? Direction: Classify the items in the box according to the historical period to which it belongs. Write the words in the column below. Listen to the following songs: 1. Canon Rock http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jau8gMtapQo Last viewed November 7, 2013 2. Canon in D by Pachelbel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1kGJoGVpOs Last viewed November 7, 2013  Look for other songs which were originally composed during the Medieval, Renaissance or Baroque periods that have been revived today. They may have been used as background music for commercial, movie, ―teleserye―, and other media purposes. REFLECTION: 1. Were you aware that some of those music were composed centuries ago? 2. How was it used as background music? 3. Do you think they were used creatively? Was the music used appropriately? 4. If you were one of the original composers, would you allow your compositions to be used as they are used today? Why or Why not? MEDIEVAL PERIOD RENAISSANCE PERIOD BAROQUE PERIOD Music is timeless. Melodies from the past can still be heard today. Tunes may be played differently in the techno – world, but one thing never changes, “Music will always be part of man‟s everyday life”.
  • 6.
    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 6 WHAT TO KNOW Music of the Medieval Period (700 – 1400) The Medieval period is also known as the Middle Ages or ―Dark Ages‖ that started with the fall of the Roman Empire. During this time, the Christian Church influenced Europe’s culture and political affairs. Monophonic plainchant was named after Pope Gregory I, who made this the approved music of the Catholic Church. Pope Gregory’s action made monophonic plainchants popular. Although it was originally transmitted orally, scholars agreed to put it in notation to assist dissemination of chants across Europe. Characteristics of the Gregorian Chants:  monophonic  Free meter  Modal  Usually based on Latin liturgy  Use of Neume notation In this module, you will learn the first part of the history of Western music. We will be discussing the characteristic features of each period, composers, historical and cultural backgrounds.
  • 7.
    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 7 The music sheet below is a notated Gregorian Chant written in Neumes: Description: The Introit Gaudeamus Omnes, scripted in square notation. Date: 14 th century – 15 th century Source: wikepedia.org File: Graduale Aboense 2.jpg
  • 8.
    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 8 Listen to the link that features a Gregorian Chant of the Medieval Period http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kK5AohCMX0U. last viewed November 7, 2013 REFLECTION:  After listening to the selection, were you able to identify the characteristics of Gregorian Chants? During the latter part of the Medieval Period, secular music which was not bound by Catholic traditions emerged. Most of these songs were performed across Europe by groups of musicians called Troubadours. Troubadour Music:  Usually monophonic  Sometimes with improvised accompaniment  Tells of chivalry and courtly love  Originated in France  Written in the French language Famous Composer of the Medieval Period: Adam de la Halle France, 1237 - 1288 Adam De La Halle, Miniature in musical codex s. XIII Source: http//picsdigger.com/image/cfd4783 Artist: Unknown
  • 9.
    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 9 Adam de la Halle was also known as Adam le Bossu (Adam the Hunchback). He was the son of a well – known citizen of Arras, Henri de la Halle. He received his education at the Cistercian Abbey of Vaucelles, near Cambral. Adam was destined for the church but he eventually married. His patrons were Robert II, Count of Artois, and Charles of Anjou, brother of Louis IX. Adam was one of the oldest secular composers whose literary and musical works include chansons and poetic debates. He was a trouvére, poet and musician, whose literary and musical works include chansons and jeux- partis (poetic debates) in the style of the trouveres, polyphonic rondel and motets in the style of early liturgical polyphony. His musical play, ―Jeu de Robin et Marion‖ was considered the earliest surviving secular French play with music. His works include: 1. Le Jeu de Robin et de Marion 2. La Chanson du roi de Sicile Listen to the link below that features ― LeJeu de Robin et Marion‖ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zHoebp8Vgxs Last viewed November 7, 2013 Music of the Renaissance Period (1400 – 1600) The term ―Renaissance‖ comes from the word ―renaitre‖ which means “rebirth‖, ―revival‖, and ―rediscovery‖. The Renaissance Period is a period of of ―looking back‖ to the Golden Age of Greece and Rome. The invention of printing in the 1400’s paved the way for a wide distribution of renaissance compositions. With the emergence of the bourgeois class, renaissance music became popular as entertainment and activity for amateurs and the educated. Lute was the prominent instrument of the renaissance era. The influence of the Roman Catholic Church started to decline as the new music genre arose. Though sacred music was still of great importance, secular music became more prominent in the renaissance period. This era was also known as the ―golden age‖ of a capella choral music. Other historical facts during this era is the discovery of the actual position of earth in the solar system by Copernicus, the invention of compass creating a wider navigation not only of the lands but also of the oceans, and Martin Luther’s Protestant reformation.
  • 10.
    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 10 Characteristics of Renaissance Music:  Mostly polyphonic  Imitation among the voices is common  Use of word painting in texts and music  Melodic lines move in a flowing manner  Melodies are easier to perform because these move along a scale with a few large leaps Vocal Music of the Renaissance Period 1. Mass – is a form of sacred musical composition that sets texts of the Eucharistic liturgy into music. Characteristics of the Mass:  Polyphonic  May be sung a cappella or with orchestral accompaniment  Text may be syllabic (one note set to each syllable), neumatic (a few notes set to one syllable), or melismatic (many notes to one syllable) Five Main Sections of Mass: 1. Kyrie (Lord Have Mercy) 2. Gloria (Glory to God in the Highest) 3. Credo (I Believe in One God) 4. Sanctus and Benedictus (Holy, holy and Blessed Is He) 5. Agnus Dei (Lamb of God) Listen to the link below that features one of the main sections of the mass. ―Gloria‖ by Joasquin de Prez http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XaiXCG0jHB8 Last viewed November 7, 2013
  • 11.
    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 11 2. Madrigal - A secular vocal polyphonic music composition which originated from Italy. It is written and expressed in a poetic text and sung during courtly social gatherings. It is the most important secular form during the Renaissance period. Characteristics of the Madrigal:  Polyphonic  Sung a cappella  Through–composed  Frequently in 3 to 6 voices Listen to ―April Is In My Mistress„ Face” by Thomas Morley REFLECTION: 1. Which music are you familiar with? Why? 2. Which songs can you relate with? Sacred or secular music? Why?
  • 12.
    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 12 Famous Composers of the Renaissance Period 1. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Rome, 1525 - February 2, 1594 Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina is said to be the greatest master of Roman Catholic Church music during the Renaissance period. Majority of his compositions are sacred music. He was committed to sacred music and has a keen interest in satisfying the desires of church leaders in the sixteenth century. Palestrina’s Pope Marcellus Mass is held up as the perfect example of counter - reformation style. Kyrie is part of the first two sections of the Pope Marcellus Mass. His career reflects his commitment to the music of the church. He received his early training and spent the majority of his career in various churches in Rome, including the pope’s chapel. He was as an organist and choir master at both the Sistine Chapel and at St. Peter's which may have influenced his distinctively pure and restrained style in musical compositions. Palestrina also served as an organist in St. Agapito. His first book Masses became popular and was greatly appreciated by Pope Julius III. Palestrina has two sons but lost them both during the plague epidemic that struck Rome in 1570’s. He had planned to become a priest but eventually changed his mind and married a wealthy widow. This improved his wealth and enabled him to pursue a musical career for the rest of his life. Listen to the links below that feature the opening Kyrie Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Source: http//xoomer.virgilio.it/senesino/Dei/Palestrina.jpg File: Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina.jpg
  • 13.
    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 13 (Excerpt from “Pope Marcellus Mass)  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itKeTpK83IY Last viewed November 7, 2013  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NB-i_V9QPt8 Last viewed November 7, 2013 2. Thomas Morley 1557 – 1602 Morley was born in Norwich, East England, the son of a brewer. He was a singer in the local cathedral from his boyhood, and he became master of choristers there in 1583.Thomas Morley was the most famous composer of secular music in his time. He was a singer in the local cathedral during his childhood and was believed to have studied music with William Byrd, an Elizabethan composer of sacred music. He received his Bachelor’s degree in Oxford and became an organist at St. Paul’s in London. He tried imitating Byrd in his early works but veered towards composing madrigals that show a variety of color, form and technique. Most of his madrigals are light and easy to sing with some aspects of Italian style. His Musica Transalpina, a collection of Italian madrigals fitted with English text, was published in 1588 by Nicholas Yonge. Shortly after, he began publishing his own collections of madrigals and made significant contribution to the history of music. His works include:  Fire, Fire, My Heart  Sing and Chant It  Fantasie  April Is In My Mistress‟ Face  It Was A Lover and His Lass Research and listen to Thomas Morley’s works. You may use the following links that feature a madrigal composition “Fire, Fire, My Heart”  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61aEb5Qt6-U Last viewed November 7, 2013  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBWKp4-_w4E Last viewed November 7, 2013
  • 14.
    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 14 REFLECTION: 1. Which madrigal did you enjoy more? Why? 2. Based on what you have heard, do you agree that the compositions of Palestrina and Morley reflect their personalities? Why or Why not? Music of the Baroque Period (1685 – 1750) The word Baroque is derived from the Portuguese word ―barroco” which means ―pearl of irregular shape‖. Some of the great composers of this time were George Friedrich Handel, Johann Sebastian Bach, Claudio Monteverdi, and Antonio Vivaldi. During this time, the arts highlighted grandiose and elaborate ornamentation. These were clearly seen in the musical compositions created by Baroque composers. New instrumental techniques and changes in musical notation were developed. Major and minor tonality was also created in this period. A lot of the musical terms and concepts that evolved in this era are still used today. Characteristics of Baroque Music:  Melodies sound elaborate and ornamental  Melodies are not easy to sing or remember  Primarily contrapuntal textures with some homophony  Dynamic contrast – alternation between loud and soft  Music genres—operas, oratorios, suites, tocatas, concertó grosso, fugue  Orchestra consists of strings and continuo  Harpsichord and organ are the keyboard instruments that are commonly used  New forms: 1. binary – AB 2. ternary – ABC 3. ground bass 4. fugue
  • 15.
    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 15 Music Genres of Baroque Music 1. Concerto – A form of orchestral music that employs a solo instrument accompanied by an orchestra. 2. Concerto Grosso - A form of orchestral music during the Baroque Period wherein the music is between a small group of solo instruments called concertino and the whole orchestra called tutti. Handel’s Concerto Grosso for two violins, cello, strings and basso continuo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a32nicpS3rk Last viewed November 7, 2013 Vivaldi’s Winter http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKfuhLCVldg Last viewed November 7, 2013 REFLECTION: 1. Which video did you enjoy the most? Why? 2. What is the most evident difference between the two concertos? 3. Fugue  A contrapuntal piece, developed mainly by imitative counterpoint  It is usually written in 3 or 4 parts, with a main theme called ―subject‖  The entire piece grows mainly from a single brief tune of strong musical character Access this link through the internet and listen to: Bach’s Toccata and Fugue in D minor http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ho9rZjlsyYY Last viewed November 7, 2013 ILLUSTRATOR: Please include an illustration of melodic lines in counterpoint ILLUSTRATOR: Please include an illustration that may represent the statement above.
  • 16.
    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 16 REFLECTION: 1. Which part did you find interesting? 2. Did you hear melodies that imitate each other? Which part? 3. Do you know any other music where imitative counterpoint is evident? Can you name some titles? 4. Oratorio – a large scale musical composition for orchestra and voices that incorporates narratives on religious themes. Unlike usual theatrical works, this is usually performed without the use of costumes, scenery, or action. It is usually written in the native language for the intended audience. Examples: a. Handel's ―Messiah,‖ ―Samson,‖ ―Israel,‖ and ―Egypt‖ b. Bach’s ―Christmas Oratorio‖ c. Haydn’s ―The Creation‖ Listen to the link below that features Oratorio vs. Opera http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYVGtAJ7ujA Last viewed November 7, 2013 REFLECTION: 1. Which of the characteristics of an Oratorio were seen on the video? 2. What are the major differences of an Oratorio from an Opera? 3. Have the differences been shown clearly? 5. Chorale – musical compositions that resemble a harmonized version of hymnal tunes of the Protestant Church during the Baroque era. Listen to the links below that features: Baroque Chorale http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZeBakTvwEes Last viewed November 7, 2013 Chorale trio http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYFPLVrCWDk Last viewed November 7, 2013
  • 17.
    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 17 REFLECTION: 1. What is the difference between the two chorales? 2. Have you watched any modern chorale presentation? 3. Can you identify any similarities between the chorales of the Baroque Period and chorales of the present time? Famous Composers of the Baroque Period 1. Johann Sebastian Bach Born: Germany March 21, 1685 Died: July 28, 1750 J.S. Bach came from a family of musicians. He was taught to play violin by his father who was then the town musician in Eisanach. He entered school at age 7 where he was taught religion and other subjects. He became orphaned at age ten. His brother, a church organist provided for him. Bach’s beautiful soprano singing voice helped him to be accepted at a school in Luӥeberg. A few years later, his voice changed and Bach focused his attention to playing the violin and harpsichord. Bach was a religious man. His personal and deep faith is shown in his sacred music. He was known for his compositions for organ, orchestra, and oratorio. His most important and long – term position was as ―cantor” at St. Thomas Church. Johann Sebastian Bach Date: 1746 Source: Unknown Artist: Elias Gottlob Haussmann
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 18 His works include:  Concerto Grosso e.g. Brandenburg Concertos (concerto grosso) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uw2dlZ8V4-0 Last viewed November 7, 2013  Masses e.g. Mass in B minor  Cantatas e.g. Cantata 208 and 211  Fugues e.g. Fugue in G minor http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1XD1MSES_8 Last viewed November 7, 2013 Toccata and Fugue in D minor  Works for clavichord and harpsichord e.g. Well-Tempered Clavier (one of his more well- known ketboard improvisations) This link is another version of Bach’s Toccata and Fugue in D minor played on glass harp (musical glass) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKRj-T4l-e8 Last viewed November 7, 2013 2. Antonio Vivaldi Venice, March 4, 1678 to Vienna, July 28, 1741 Antonio Lucio Vivaldi Antonio Lucio Vivaldi , nicknamed il Prete Rosso ("The Red Priest") because of his red hair, was an Italian Baroque composer, Catholic priest and a virtuoso violinist. Recognized as one of the greatest Baroque composers, his influence during his lifetime was widespread over Europe. Vivaldi is known mainly for composing instrumental concertos, especially for
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 19 the violin, as well as sacred choral works and over forty operas. He entered the priesthood and was ordained in 1703. Vivaldi is well known for giving the strings a major role in his compositions. His most famous piece is The Four Seasons. This composition is a series of four violin concerti depicting each of the seasons, ―Spring,‖ ―Summer,‖ ―Autumn,‖ and ―Winter.‖ Listen to the link below that features “Spring” (one of the four parts of The Four Seasons) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFHPRi0ZeXE Last viewed November 7, 2013 3. George Friedrich Händel Germany, February 23, 1685 London, April 14, 1759 George Händel was the second son from the second marriage of a pastor. Despite his father’s opposition, George secretly taught himself to play the harpsichord. At age 7, he gained access to a church organ and started to play. A Duke heard him play and insisted on giving him a formal music education. Under Zachau, organist of Halle cathedral, he studied counterpoint, canon and fugue. Händel is remembered for his operas and oratorios. Handel became England’s favorite composer. He had given English audiences music that in variety and interest rivalled anything they could remember. Handel lost both of his eyesight in 1753. When he conducted his oratorio, ―Samson,” a few in the audience were unaware that he had lost his eyesight. The Messiah is Hӓndel’s most famous creation and the very well known ―Hallelujah‖ chorus is part of Hӓndel’s Messiah. The Messiah was written in the space of twenty – four days in London but it was in Dublin when The Messiah was first performed and became an instant success. Listen and watch the following link that features the “Hallelujah” chorus from Händel’s Messiah http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUZEtVbJT5c Last viewed November 7, 2013
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 20 Individual Assessment I. Encircle the letter of the correct answer. 1. The period when the Christian Church highly influenced culture and political affairs in Europe was the: A. Medieval Period B. Renaissance Period C. Baroque Period 2. A through–composed vocal music composition written and expressed in a poetic text. A. Troubadour Music B. Mass C. Madrigal 3. There are five main sections of the Mass. Which of the following is the only section of Mass with Greek text. A. Kyrie B. Gloria C. Agnus Dei 4. Baroque music is known for its grandiose and elaborate ornamentation. Which of the following Baroque Music forms was developed through imitative counterpoint. A. Concerto Grosso B. Fugue C. Oratorio 5. Refers to the extended musical setting of sacred music. A. Fugue B. Chorale C. Oratorio II. Identify the composer of each selection. (5 pts) _____ 6. Messiah _____ 7. Four Seasons _____ 8. Pope Marcellus Mass _____ 9. Fire, Fire, My Heart _____ 10. Fugue in G minor
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 21 The following listening activities will help and guide you to experience the beautiful musical compositions and presentations composed during the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Periods. Be guided by the musical sheets and music selections for each listening activity. WHAT TO PROCESS Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque music have distinctive characteristics. The following activities will develop your musical skills as you incorporate the different musical concepts that you have learned in the first part of this module. In the beginning, chants were taught orally. However, as the number of chants increased, singers needed help in remembering the outlines of the melodies. Later, the chants were notated in the manuscript as a single melodic line without accompaniment. Neumes were written above the words to suggest the contour of the melody. Eventually, musical notation of the period was written as square notes on a four–line staff. Listening Activities Listening Activity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5GtmcHZLHw Last viewed November 7, 2013
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 22 The first part of ―Kyrie Eleison‖, written in neumes, was taken from Liturgical Music Series Part I of highstreethymns.com. A. Write the letter of your answer based on the music selection that you have heard. _____1. Which text – setting style was used? a. Syllabic b. Neumatic c. Melismatic _____ 2. What is the texture? A. Monophonic B. Homophonic C. Polyphonic _____ 3. In what language was the selection written? A. Greek B. Latin C. Spanish B. Answer each question and explain why. 1. Is the music sacred vocal form? 2. Was it sung a cappella or with accompaniment?
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 23 Listening Activity: Listen to the songs in the following pages. Use the chart below to guide you in analyzing the songs. Title: ______________________ Composer: _________________ Era: _____________________ Encircle your answer in the chart below. Elements Description Language Latin Greek English Form Vocal Instrumental Text – Setting Syllabic Neumatic Melismatic Texture Monophonic Homophonic Polyphonic Song # 1 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pAdcE4OlBHc - Last viewed November 7, 2013 Song # 2 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUZEtVbJT5c - Last viewed November 7, 2013 Song # 3 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFHPRi0ZeXE - Last viewed November 7, 2013 Illustrator: Pls RE-DRAW ALL the music sheets. Erase the song titles and composer’s names. For clearer view of the music sheets, visit sheetmusicplus.com
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 24 SONG # 1
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 25
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 26 SONG # 2 Illustrator: Please RE-DRAW with the text of the whole song.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 27 SONG # 3 Illustrator: Please RE-DRAW with the text of the whole song. WHAT TO UNDERSTAND Musical notation has evolved through time. The following activity will help you understand how to express Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque music in a different way.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 28 Individual Activity Contour… Factor! 1. Watch the Fugue in G minor as shown in the following link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1XD1MSES_8 Last viewed November 7, 2013 2. Following the sample above, create your own graphic representation of ―Spring‖ from The Four Seasons 3. Be guided by the checklist below: My Checklist Guide Evident Not Evident 1. Did I draw my lines to move along with the contour of the melody? 2. Did I create variations on the lines used? 3. Are my lines creatively drawn along with other lines?
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 29 Group Activity Name that Song! You will need: Recorded selections from Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Era. Buzzer, Scoreboard and audio aids. Procedure: 1. Divide the class into three. (Note: The number of group depends on the number of students in the class) 2. A recorded selection will be played. 3. First group to buzz in will have the chance to name the title and the composer of the song heard. 4. The following points will be awarded for each correct answer. Title of the Song / Selection = 2 points Composer = 1 point 5. In case of a wrong answer, the group will be deducted 2 points. 6. Procedure will continue until all prepared songs have been played. 7. The group with the highest point wins the game. Score Board Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Song # 1 Song # 2 Song # 3 Song # 4 Song # 5 TOTAL
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 30 The following activities will showcase your talent and what you have learned about Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music. WHAT TO PERFORM Activity # 5 Winter Duo! 1. Listen to an excerpt from the Largo of Vivaldi’s ―Winter‖ Concerto. To the illustrator: Insert Music score 2. You can choose to the theme/themes of the piece or play the music using recorder or piano. Additional accompaniment may be used for texture enhancement purposes. Part I Melody Part II Accompaniment Criteria 5 pts 4 pts 3 pts 2 pts 1 pt 0 pts Tempo Appropria te Fluctuates slightly Fluctuates much Mostly wrong Not appropriate Cannot play Steady Beat Consisten t Fluctuates slightly Fluctuates much Mostly wrong Not appropriate Cannot play Melodic Pattern No mistakes A few mistakes Many mistakes Mostly wrong Consistently wrong Cannot play Stage Presence Played with excellent confidenc e Played with very good confidenc e Played with good confidenc e Played with confidenc e Played with less confidence Cannot play Overall Presentation Superior Very Good Pretty Good Fair Poor Cannot play
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 31 Group Activity Move to the Music!!! 1. Your class will be divided into seven groups. 2. Your teacher will assign a segment of the following compositions: Gregorian Chant in Medieval Period Fire, Fire, Fire My Heart by Thomas Morley Toccata and Fugue in D minor by Johann S. Bach Concerto Grosso for two violins, cello, strings and basso continuo by Handel Pope Marcellus Mass by Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Hallelujah by George F. Handel Four Seasons by Antonio Vivaldi 3. Your group must come up with movements to interpret the assigned musical selection. Criteria Choreography 5 Points Coordination of Movements 5 Points Timing 5 Points Expression and Execution of Movements 5 Points Interpretation of Music 5 Points TOTAL 25 Points
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 1 M e d i e v a l , R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e M u s i c Page 32 GLOSSARY Cantus Firmus – also known as ―fixed song‖ or a pre-existing melody which forms the basis of a polyphonic composition Monophony – music consisting of a single melodic line without chordal accompaniment; it is the oldest type of music Polyphony – music consisting of several (two or more) melodic lines, each having individual significance and independence Sacred music – music that was specifically written for use in religious services Secular music – music that was composed for purposes other than religious Through-composed – songs in which there is new music to each stanza; the opposite of strophic Tonality – system where the musical piece is based on a key center REFERENCES Books Burkholder,Peter, et.al. ( ) Norton Anthology of Western Music. Vol.1: Ancient to Baroque 5th Edition. Kamien, Roger ( ).Music Appreciation.9th Edition. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Wright, Craig. (2013) The Essential Listening to Music, 6th Edition. Yale University. Website http://www.anthonyjosephlanman.com/?p=580&cpage=1#comment-18642 www.onlinesheetmusic.com
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 31
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 32 LEARNING AREA STANDARD The learner demonstrates an understanding of basic concepts and processes in music and art through appreciation, analysis and performance for his/her self-development, celebration of his/her Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and expansion of his/her world vision. key - stage STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of music and art of the Philippines and the world, through appreciation, analysis, and performance, for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. grade level STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of Western music and the arts from different historical periods, through appreciation, analysis, and performance for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. CONTENT STANDARD The learner … Demonstrates understanding of the characteristics and features of the music of the Classical period PERFORMANCE STANDARD The learner … Sings and performs themes of symphonies and other instrumental forms Time allotment: 8 hoursTime allotment: 8 hoursTime allotment: 8 hours
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 33 INTRODUCTION: In this module, you will learn the historical and cultural background of the Classical era. In the history of Western music, the term Classical refers to the period from 1750-1820. During this time, there were significant changes in musical forms and style distinguishing the music from those of the previous era. New music forms emerged such as sonata, concerto, and symphony. The development of the Sonata form led to more large-scale works and other long instrumental compositions such as symphonies, concertos and overtures. In this module, you will also learn of the development of classical opera such as the Opera Seria and Opera Buffa which became popular among the different social classes. The life and music of Franz Josef Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig Van Beethoven, the three greatest and most famous composers of the Classical era will be discussed in the following pages. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the module you, as a learner, are expected to:  Narrate the life and works of classical composers after video and movie showing  Relate classical music to its historical and cultural background  Explain the performance practice (setting, composition, role of composers/performers, and audience) during classical period  Listen perceptively to selected classical period music  Describe the musical elements of given classical period pieces  Analyze the sonata allegro form  Sing themes or melodic fragments of given classical period pieces  Explore other arts and media that portray classical elements  Improvise appropriate accompaniment to given short and simple classical pieces
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 34 PRE-ASSESSMENT: Identify the term being described. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on the space provided. _____ 1. A musical work with different movements for an instrumental soloist and orchestra a. SYMPHONY c. CONCERTO b. SONATA d. RONDO _____ 2. A section of the sonata allegro form where the themes are introduced a. EXPOSITION c. RECAPITULATION b. DEVELOPMENT d. THEME AND VARIATION _____ 3. The general texture of Classical music a. MONOPHONIC c. HETEROPHONIC b. HOMOPHONIC d. POLYPHONIC _____ 4. The term for serious opera a. OPERA c. OPERA BUFFA b. COMIC OPERA d. OPERA SERIA _____5. The most important form that was developed during the classical era and usually the form of the first movement of a sonata or symphony a. MINUET c. RONDO b. SONATA ALLEGRO d. SYMPHONY _____ 6. It repeats the themes as they first emerged in the opening exposition a. EXPOSITION c. RECAPITULATION b. DEVELOPMENT d. SONATA _____ 7. A musical composition designed to be played by the full orchestra a. SYMPHONY c. CONCERTO b. SONATA d. CANTATA _____ 8. The term for Italian opera a. OPERA c. OPERA BUFFA b. COMIC OPERA d. OPERA SERIA _____9. It is a multi-movement work for solo instrument a. SYMPHONY c. CONCERTO b. SONATA d. CANTATA _____10. It is called “The Age of Reason” a. MEDIEVAL c. BAROQUE b. RENAISSANCE d. CLASSICAL
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 35 Nowadays, people listen to current and new musical genres such as pop, rock, R & B, and other 20th century music and are unaware of the music of the past. Let us listen to some selected music of the Classical Period. REFLECTION: 1. List down all the musical terms you are familiar with. 2. What do you know about Classical era? 3. Write down what you want to know at the end of this module: I would like to know about ________________ I would like to understand ________________ I would like to perform ___________________ Suggested listening resources o W.A. Mozart Serenade in G minor (Eine Kleine Nachtmusik) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1FSN8_pp_o o W. A. Mozart Rock version of Eine Kleine Nachtmusik http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OL0T-q50s9A o W. A. Mozart Jazz version Eine Kleine Nachtmusik http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wY9P5z3CQ10
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 36 WHAT TO KNOW In this part of the module, you will be provided with information about the historical background, instrumental and vocal music, and the great composers of the classical period. MUSIC OF THE CLASSICAL PERIOD (1750-1820) The classical era, also called “Age of Reason”, is the period from 1750- 1820. The cultural life was dominated by the aristocracy, as patrons of musicians and artists who generally influenced the arts. Significant changes in musical forms and styles were made. In the middle of the 18th century, Europe began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature, and the arts, known as Classicism. It was also pushed forward by changes in the economic order and in social structure. Instrumental music was patronized primarily by the nobility. Important historical events that occurred in the West during this era were the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, the American Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the American Revolution. The term “classical” denotes conformity with the principles and characteristics of ancient Greece and Roman literature and art which were formal, elegant, simple, freed and dignified. The same characteristics may also describe the melodies of classical music. Harmony and texture is homophonic in general. The dynamics of loud and soft were clearly shown through the extensive use of crescendo and diminuendo. A style of broken chord accompaniment called, Alberti Bass was practiced. The great composers of the period were: Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig Van Beethoven. Sonata, Concerto, and Symphony are the instrumental forms developed during this era while Opera Seria and Opera Buffa are the two vocal forms.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 37 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY: “WORD MAZE” Pick the words from the maze that relate to the classical period. Write your answer on the blanks. Mozart Alberti Bass Polyphonic Beethoven Madrigal Sonata Bach Opera Buffa Concerto Homophonic Haydn Symphony Oratorio Opera Seria 1. _______________ 6. _______________ 2, _______________ 7. _______________ 3. _______________ 8. _______________ 4. _______________ 9. _______________ 5. _______________ 10. ______________
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 38 Works of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven are still popular today. Their compositions are now commonly used as music to animated series of popular cartoon companies such as Looney Toons, Warner Brothers, 20th Century Fox, Pixar, etc. Beethoven’s music was used in one of the films for children and Little Einstein’s animated series also features the music of the great composers Beethoven, Haydn and Mozart. INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY: “Music & Match” Listen to each recording then match the title of the cartoon show/movie in column B to the title of the music in column A. Write your answer on the blank before each number. A B ___1. Piano Sonata No 11 in A major (Rondo) 3rd mov. a. Mr. Bean ___2. Piano Sonata no 14 in C#m (Moonlight) 1st mov. b. Little Einstein’s ___3. Symphony No. 5, Op. 67, Cm c. Tom & Jerry ___4. Fur Elise d. Popeye ___5. Eine Kleine Nachtmusik e. The Ring f. Backyardigan
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 39 COMPOSERS OF THE CLASSICAL PERIOD: Image painted by Thomas Hardy (1791), currently located at College of Music Museum of Instruments, downloaded from Wikimedia.org FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN (1732-1809) Franz Joseph Haydn is one of the most prominent composers of the classical period. His life is described as a “rags-to-riches” story. He came from a poor family and his music led to his rise in social status. He was hired by rich patrons and eventually became a musical director for the Esterhazy family for 30 years. His music reflects his character and personality: mainly calm, balanced, serious but with touches of humor. He was able to compose over 100 symphonies and developed them into long forms for a large orchestra. He was named, “Father of the Symphony” although he excelled in every music genre of the period. Most of his symphonies have nicknames such as the “Surprise Symphony”, “The Clock”, “The Military”. He also wrote chamber piano music and choral works. Suggested listening resources for Haydn’s instrumental works o F.J. Haydn Symphony No.94 in G Major "Surprise” 2nd movement http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLjwkamp3lI o F. J. Haydn Symphony No. 101 in D major, “The Clock” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1L6p4B2hBs o F. J. Haydn Symphony No. 100 in G major, “Military” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGyGBRXfy10
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 40 Image painted by Barbara Krafft (1819), photo taken by Otto Erich (1965) from Mozart: A Documentary Biography. Stanford University Press. Downloaded from Wikimedia.org WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART (1756-1791) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is a child prodigy and the most amazing genius in musical history. At age five, he was already playing the violin and the harpsichord; at six, he was recognized as an exceptional pianist and, at seven, he was already composing excellent music. At age thirteen, he had written sonatas, concertos, symphonies, religious works, and operas and operettas. He experimented in all kinds of music and composed over 700 works. Unfortunately, due to mismanaged finances he lived his life in poverty, died young and was buried in an unknown grave. He composed wonderful concertos, symphonies and opera such as “The Marriage of Figaro” (1786), “Don Giovanni (1789), and “The Magic Flute” which became popular. Other known works: Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, Symphony No. 40 in G Major, and Sonata No. 11 in A Major K311. Suggested listening resources for Mozart’s instrumental works: o W. A, Mozart Piano Sonata No. 16 in C major, K. 545 (so-called facile or semplice sonata) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yi_E-Hu_Rb0 o W. A. Mozart: PianoSonata No. 11, K331inAMajor, 1st mov. (Andantegrazioso) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=24_4VUU4qqM
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 41 o W.A. Mozart Symphony No. 40 in G minor, 1st mov. (Molto Allegro) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l45DAuXYSIs o W. A. Mozart Serenade in G minor (Eine Kleine Nachtmusik) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1FSN8_pp_o Image painted by Joseph Kal Stieler (1820) currently located at Beethoven Haus, downloaded from Wikimedia.org. LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN (1770-1827) Ludwig Van Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany to a family of musicians and studied music at an early age. He was the composer who bridged the late Classical era and the early Romantic era. He was a talented pianist and composer. His famous compositions include 32 piano sonatas, 21 set of variations, 9 symphonies, 5 concertos for piano, 16 string quartets and choral music. His works include the “Missa Solemnis” (1818-1823) and opera “Fidelio” (1805). His known symphonies are: Symphony No. 3 (Eroica), No. 5, No. 6 (Pastoral), No. 9 (Choral), which adds voices to the orchestra. He began to go deaf in 1796 but this did not become a hindrance. He continued composing through the help of an assistant and hearing gadget. Some of his famous compositions were made when he was deaf.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 42 Characteristics of Beethoven’s works: - His music veered toward larger orchestras. - Sound was centered on the violas and lower registers of the violins and cellos to give his music a darker mood. - All themes in a piece are tied together by one motif. - He developed musical themes and motifs extensively by means of modulation - He used more brass instruments and dynamics Suggested listening resources for Beethoven’s instrumental works: o L. V. Beethoven Piano Sonata no 14 in c sharp minor (Moonlight) 1st mov. Op. 27 no 2 (adagio sostenuto) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmVCcF42f-0 o L.V. Beethoven Piano Concerto no. 1 in C major op. 15 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFfUcQQbwsE o L.V. Beethoven Piano Concerto no. 5 “Emperor” in E flat major op. 73 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYl6iI4l9gA o L.V. Beethoven Symphony No. 5, Op. 67, C Minor http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqvLfMigm3I Rock version - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9EICNAvc1Q o L.V. Beethoven Symphony No. 9, Op. 125, d minor “Choral” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6E3xem_c2w http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iq-3B6xfNpY In the middle of the 18th century, Europe began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature, and the arts, known as Classicism. It was also pushed forward by changes in the economic order and in social structure. Instrumental music was patronized primarily by the nobility.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 43 Albeti Bass VOCAL and INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC SONATA A multi-movement work for solo instrument, Sonata came from the word “Sonare” which means to make a sound. This term is applied to a variety of works for a solo instrument such as keyboard or violin. Below is an excerpt from the 3 movements of the Sonata No. 16 in C Major K545 by W.A. Mozart. Listen to each phrase of the movement. 1st Movement: Allegro – fast movement 2nd Movement: Slow tempo: (Andante, Largo, etc.), mostly lyrical and emotional.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 44 3rd Movement: Minuet: It is in three-four time and in a moderate or fast tempo. SONATA ALLEGRO FORM The most important form that developed during the classical era consists of 3 distinct sections: Exposition, Development and Recapitulation. 1. Exposition - the first part of a composition in sonata form that introduces the theme 2. Development is the middle part of the sonata-allegro form wherein themes are being developed
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 45 3. Recapitulation - repeats the theme as they first emerge in the opening exposition To the Illustrator: Add a diagram to show parts of sonata allegro and sonata CONCERTO Concerto is a multi-movement work designed for an instrumental soloist and orchestra. It is a classical form of music intended primarily to emphasize the individuality of the solo instrument and to exhibit the virtuosity and interpretative abilities of the performer. The solo instruments in classical concertos include violin, cello, clarinet, bassoon, trumpet, horn and piano. A concerto has three movements: fast, slow, and fast. 3 movements: 1st Movement: Fast: Sonata-allegro form with expositions of the orchestra and then by the soloist. 2nd Movement: Slow: Has more ornamentation than the First movement. 3rd Movement: Fast: Finale: usually in a form of rondo, resembling the last movement of the symphony and usually a short cadenza is used.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 46 Below is an excerpt of the 1st musical score of the 1st movement of the “Emperor” concerto by Beethoven Note that the solo instrument here is the piano.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 47 To the Illustrator: Mark the parts played by identified instruments and number each measure.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 51 As the 18th century progressed, instrumental music was patronized primarily by the nobility which led to the rise of public taste for “comic opera”. The music was mostly of a simple yet pleasant character, while the singing was highly flexible and sensitive and could freely express emotion through melody. SYMPHONY A multi-movement work for orchestra, the symphony is derived from the word “Sinfonia” which literally means “a harmonious sounding together”. It is a classical music for the whole orchestra, generally in four movements. 4 movements of the symphony: 1st Movement: Fast: Sonata-allegro form 2nd Movement: Slow : gentle, lyrical – typical ABA form or theme and variation 3rd Movement: Medium/Fast: uses a dance form (Minuet or scherzo) 4th Movement: Fast: typically Rondo or Sonata form Below is an example of theme from “Surprise Symphony” by Haydn
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 52 CLASSICAL OPERA Opera is a drama set to music where singers and musicians perform in a theatrical setting. The two distinct styles of opera, Opera Seria and Opera Buffa, were developed during the Classical Period. The Opera Seria (serious opera) usually implies heroic or tragic drama that employs mythological characters, which was inherited from the Baroque period. “Idomeneo” by Mozart is an example of Opera Seria. The Opera Buffa (comic opera) from Italy made use of everyday characters and situations, and typically employed spoken dialogues, lengthy arias and was spiced with sight gags, naughty humor and social satire. “The Marriage of Figaro”, “Don Giovanni”, and “The Magic Flute” are examples of popular Opera Buffa by Mozart. Suggested listening / viewing resources: o “Queen of the Night” (an aria from “The Magic Flute”) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pzMScwFKIfk o Excerpt from Mozart's "The Magic Flute" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pc4VT0CId54 o Excerpts from “Don Giovani” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w08bx7NZ62E o W. A. Mozart “Idomeneo” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHK4yfM54eo WHAT TO PROCESS The lists of activities are provided for you to have a deeper understanding and appreciation of Classical music. The activities will also help you develop your ability to analyze music through listening. But first, let’s have a recap on Classical music. The music of the Classical era has a lighter and clearer texture. It is mainly homophonic. The melody is simple and easy to remember. There is extensive use of dynamics; phrases are very regular and of the same length. Listening to Classical music might not be your choice because most of you would rather sing songs or listen to music which for you would give enjoyment and would make you feel good. But without you knowing it, sometimes you are already actually singing or listening to Classical music.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 53 Let us see if you can still recognize some of the music that will be used in the following activities. INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY: Procedure: Describe the music of W.A. Mozart’s Piano Sonata No 11 in A major K 331 (Rondo) 3rd movement and answer the questions below. 1. What is the meter? 2. What is the tempo? 3. What dynamics were used? 4. What is the texture? Reflection Questions: (for group sharing) 1. Describe the melody. (direction, range, register, phrases, etc.) 2. Is this music familiar to you? Where did you first hear it? GROUP ACTIVITY: Procedure: 1. Listen to each selected music from the Renaissance, Baroque and Classical period 2. Describe each musical piece 3. In the chart next page, put a check in the box of the corresponding characteristic element
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 54 TITLEOFTHE COMPOSITION MELODY TEMPO DYNAMICS TEXTURE PERIODIN MUSIC Simple /Tuneful Complex Slow Moderate Fast MostlySoft MostlyLoud Monophonic Homophonic Polyphonic Renaissance Baroque Classical John Dowland Fine Knacks for Ladies G.F.Handel HalleluiaChorus L. V. Beethoven Symphony No. 9, Op. 125, D Minor “Choral” Symphony No. 9 REFLECTION: 1. Describe and differentiate the elements of the 3 compositions. 2. Which music is familiar to you? Where did you hear it? 3. Among the three compositions, which did you like the most? Why?
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 55 GROUP ACTIVITY: “NAME THAT TUNE” Procedure: 1. Divide yourselves into 4 groups 2. Listen to the given composition 3. Identify whether it is a Sonata, a Concerto or a Symphony 4. Choose your group representative who will write the answer on the board 5. Each correct answer is equivalent to 1 point. (Additional 1 point will be given to your group if you will be able to identify the title and another 1 point for the name of the composer) 6. The group with the highest score wins the game. Reflection: (for group sharing) 1. Which among the compositions are you familiar with? 2. How were you able to determine whether the music is a Sonata, a Concerto or a Symphony? 3. Which do you prefer: listening to classical music or to pop music? Why? INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY: “Music Analysis” Procedure: 1. Listen to Eine Kleine Nachtmusik by W. A. Mozart 2. As you listen to the music, follow the musical score on the next page (opt.: To follow the musical score you may tap the beat counting 4 for each measure) 3. Each measure has a number on top of the staff. Encircle the measure where the exposition, development and recapitulation starts and ends. Write the number of the measure on the blanks EXPOSITION _______________ DEVELOPMENT ____________ RECAPITULATION __________
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 56 1 2 3 4
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 60 Music of the Classical Era is usually associated with the nobility. During that time most of the members of the nobility would financially support the musicians. Music was played in the courts which make the music of the classical era more familiar to the nobility than the lower classes. This association of the rich and Classical music is still being experienced in some parts of the world. However, with the dawn of radio and TV, classical music may now be experienced by the masses. ACTIVITY: FILM VIEWING: You will be watching one of the films below AMADEUS BEETHOVEN IMMORTAL BELOVED BEETHOVEN LIVES UPSTAIRS Reflection Questions: (Share with the group and then with the class) 1. What is the movie all about? 2. Who are the main characters? 3. When and where was the story set? 4. Who is your favorite character in the movie? Why? 5. What part of the film did you like best? Why? 6. Analyze the use of music in the film. Did it enhance the filmmaker’s story? 7. What did you learn from the story? 8. What are the great qualities/traits of the composer that inspire you? WHAT TO UNDERSTAND In this stage, you are given the opportunities to have a deeper understanding of the importance of Classical music. The given activities here will also give you a chance to show and enhance your talents through composition and performance.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 61 GROUP ACTIVITY: “Commercial Break” Procedure: 1. You will be divided into 4 groups. 2. Each group will be assigned to advertise a product of your own choice wherein classical music will be used as background music. 3. You will perform in front of the class. Criteria for grading: 1. Choice of music (must be a Classical Period piece and appropriate for the product) --------- 30% 2. Originality (use of own concept) --------- 40% 3. Creativity (use of props, costumes) --------- 30% T O T A L 100% GROUP ACTIVITY: “STORY SINGING” Procedure: 1. You will be divided into 4 groups. 2. Each group will create an original story and turn it into a song by adapting a tune or music (of their choice) of the Classical era. 3. You can create or improvise an instrumental or rhythmic accompaniment for your song. 4. You will perform in front of the class. Criteria for grading: 1. Choice of music (must be classical and appropriate) --------- 30% 2. Originality (content of lyrics) --------- 30% 3. Voice Quality (pitch, projection) --------- 40% T O T A L 100%
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 62 WHAT TO PERFORM At this stage you will showcase your creativity and talents through performance such as singing, acting, dancing as well as directing and creative writing. GROUP ACTIVITY: “On Stage” Procedure: 1. You will be divided into 3 groups. 2. Each group will create a short musical production (30 minutes) on either the life of Haydn, Mozart or Beethoven. 3. Use the music/compositions of your chosen composer as your background, accompaniment for your dance, and song. 4. Your group can create or improvise an instrumental accompaniment. RUBRIC Criteria 5 4 3 2 1 1. All instructions were followed At all times Most of the time Some of the time Hardly Never 2. Singing (Voice quality) Good singing voice and sing in tune Good singing voice but sometimes not in tune Can sing but has a hard time following the tune Cannot sing but can hum a few lines Cannot sing at all 3. Dancing (Grace and Synchronization) Can dance well and in synch with the music Can dance and in synch with the music Can dance but sometimes not in synch with the music Can dance but not in synch with the music Can hardly dance 4. Acting and Directing Excellent Good Satisfactory Fair Needs Improvement 5. Over all Production Excellent Good Satisfactory Fair Needs Improvement TOTAL POINTS: _____________
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 63 GROUP ACTIVITY: “Sing it to the Classic!” Procedure: 1. You will be divided into 3 groups. 2. Each group will create a short poem with a theme on the Classical Era (opt.) or any theme of their choice. 3. Your group will recite or rap the poem and use music of the Classical Period as your accompaniment. (Example: melody of Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9, “Ode to Joy”) 4. You will perform in front of the class. RUBRIC Criteria 5 4 3 2 1 1. All instructions were followed At all times Most of the time Some of the time Hardly Never 2. Singing (Voice quality) Good singing voice and singing in tune Good singing voice but sometimes out of tune Can sing but has a hard time following the tune Cannot sing but can hum a few lines Cannot sing at all 3. Originality of Composition Excellent Good Satisfactory Fair Needs Improvement 5. Over all Performance Excellent Good Satisfactory Fair Needs Improvement TOTAL POINTS: _____________
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 64 SUMMARY At the end of the unit, you must have knowledge of the following concept. Classical music refers to the period from 1750-1820. It is also known as the “Age of Reason” or “Age of Enlightenment” because reason and individualism rather than tradition were emphasized in this period. During this period, different instrumental forms of music were developed. These were sonata, concerto and symphony. The three greatest and most popular composers of the period are: Franz Josef Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig Van Beethoven. GLOSSARY Alberti Bass - a special type of broken chord accompaniment where the chord is played in this order: lowest note - highest note - middle note - highest note then repeats the pattern to create a smooth, sustained, flowing sound Allegro - quickly, in a brisk lively manner Andante - in a moderately slow tempo Cadenza - an improvised passage or ornamentation performed by a soloist or group of soloists that allows a display of virtuosity often placed near the end of a piece. Cantata - a choral composition with instrumental accompaniment, typically in several movements. Classical era - the period from 1750-1820 called the Age of Reason. Concerto - a major instrumental work for solo instrument with orchestral accompaniment Crescendo - gradually becoming louder Diminuendo - gradually becoming softer Development - middle part of the sonata-allegro form wherein themes are being developed Exposition - the first part of a composition that introduces the themes that will be developed through the piece Homophonic - a melody accompanied by chords
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 65 Largo - a very slow tempo. Minuet - a slow, stately ballroom dance for two in triple time. Opera - a drama set to music Opera buffa - opera in Italy that is full of fun and frivolity Opera comique - comic opera in France, Opera Seria - an opera based on a serious plot that usually revolves around mythological beings such as gods and goddesses Recapitulation - a part of a musical piece, found usually near the end, that repeats the earlier themes Rondo - a musical form that alternates the main theme and its contrasting themes usually found in the final movement of a sonata or concerto Scherzo - a vigorous, light, or playful composition comprising a movement in a symphony or sonata. Singspiel - 18th century German musical comedy featuring songs and ensembles interspersed with dialogue. Sonata - any instrumental composition that has several movements with variation in key, mood, or tempo Symphony - a musical composition for the whole orchestra generally in four movements; also a sonata for orchestra. Theme and Variation - a musical form where the theme is presented in a simple unadorned manner then repeats the theme several times with ornamentations REFERENCES Books Perez, V. V. et al. (2008). MAPEH-CAT IV. Quezon City: St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation. Wright, Craig. (2013). The Essential Listening to Music, 6th ed.. Canada: Schirmer Cengage Learning. Wright, Craig. (2008, 2004). Listening to Music, 5th ed.. Belmont, CA., USA: Thompson Higher Education.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 66 Websites http://library.thinkquest.org/27927/Classical_concerto.htm Retrieved: Nov. 5, 2013 http://petrucci.mus.auth.gr/imglnks/usimg/c/ca/IMSLP94587-PMLP01855- http://www.free-scores.com/download-sheet-music.php?pdf=23862 Retrieved: Nov. 4, 2013 http://www.ask.com/question/opera-seria Retrieved: Nov. 4 2013 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Wolfgang-amadeus mozart_1.jpg Retrieved: Nov. 4, 2013 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beethoven.jpg Retrieved: Nov. 4, 2013 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haydn_portrait_by_Thomas_Hardy_(small).jpg Retrieved: Nov. 4, 2013 http://www.free-scores.com/download-sheet-music.php?pdf=23862 Retrieved: Feb. 16, 2014 file:///C:/Users/mean/Desktop/Mozart_Piano_Sonata_K_545.pdf Retrieved: Feb. 16, 2014 Suggested listening resources: W. A. Mozart Piano Sonata No. 16 in C major, K. 545 (so-called facile or semplice sonata) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yi_E-Hu_Rb0 (retrieved 11/5/13) W. A. Mozart - Piano Sonata No 11 in A major K 331 (Rondo) 3rd movement http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rgq3OTSRVBc (ret. 11/6/13) W. A. Mozart Piano concerto n. No. 21 in C major, K.467 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G1bMPi2aw1A (ret. 11/6/13) W. A. Mozart, Symphony No. 40 in G minor, 1st movement (Molto Allegro) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l45DAuXYSIs (ret. 11/6/13) W. A. Mozart Serenade in G minor (Eine Kleine Nachtmusik) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1FSN8_pp_o (ret. 11/6/13) Rock version - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OL0T-q50s9A (ret. 11/5/13) Jazz version - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wY9P5z3CQ10 (ret. 11/6/13) W. A. Mozart Queen of the Night (an aria from The Magic Flute) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pzMScwFKIfk (ret. 11/5/13)
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 2 C l a s s i c a l M u s i c Page 67 Excerpt from Mozart's "The Magic Flute" (ret. 11/5/13) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pc4VT0CId54 W. A. Mozart excerpts from Don Giovani http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w08bx7NZ62E (ret, 11/513) W. A. Mozart exceprts from Idomeneo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHK4yfM54eo (ret. 11/7/13) L. V. Beethoven Piano Sonata no 14 in c sharp minor (Moonlight) 1st movement op. 27 no. 2 (adagio sostenuto) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmVCcF42f-0 (ret. 11/7/13) L. V. Beethoven Piano Concerto no. 1 in C major op. 15 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFfUcQQbwsE (ret. 11/7/13) L. V. Beethoven Piano Concerto no. 5 “Emperor” in E flat major op. 73 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYl6iI4l9gA (ret. 11/7/13) L. V. Beethoven Symphony No. 5, Op. 67, C Minor http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqvLfMigm3I (ret. 11/7/13) Rock version - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9EICNAvc1Q (ret. 11/7/13) L. V. Beethoven Symphony No. 9, Op. 125, D Minor “Choral” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6E3xem_c2w (ret. 11/7/13) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iq-3B6xfNpY (ret. 11/7/13) F.J. Haydn Symphony No.94 in G Major "Surprise” 2nd movement http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLjwkamp3lI F. J. Haydn Symphony No. 101 in D major, “The Clock” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1L6p4B2hBs (ret. 11/7/13) F. J. Haydn Symphony No. 100 in G major, “Military” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGyGBRXfy10 (ret. 11/7/13) John Dowland Fine Knacks for Ladies http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dabqyiJZN0c (ret. 2/19/14) G. F. Handel Hallelujah Chorus from Messiah http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUZEtVbJT5c (ret. 2/19/14)
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 64
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 65 LEARNING AREA STANDARD The learner demonstrates an understanding of basic concepts and processes in music and art through appreciation, analysis and performance for his/her self-development, celebration of his/her Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and expansion of his/her world vision. key - stage STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of music and art of the Philippines and the world, through appreciation, analysis, and performance, for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. grade level STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of Western music and the arts from different historical periods, through appreciation, analysis, and performance for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. CONTENT STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of characteristic features of instrumental Romantic music PERFORMANCE STANDARD The learner sings and performs themes of selected instrumental pieces of the Romantic Period. Time allotment: 8 hours
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 66 Introduction: Romantic music refers to Western music composed in the late 18th century to the 19th century. Composers and artists believed in letting their imagination and passion be seen through their works. Program music became the main form of instrumental compositions which is evident in concert overtures, Program symphonies, symphonic poems and incidental music. Program music is a form that portrays an idea or relays a story to the audience. An example of this musical form may be seen in Hector Berlioz’s “Symphonie Fantastique.” Some of the other famous composers of the period are Franz Liszt, Frederic Chopin, Camille Saint-Saëns, Robert Schumann and Peter Ilyich Tchaikowsky. Short piano pieces in ABA form that shows emotion were developed during this period. As the century progressed, music became increasingly available and popular among the middle class. Concert halls provided venues for musical performances, and instrumental music was available to a wide audience. Nationalism is reflected in most of the music of the Romantic era. In the previous historical periods, composers borrowed musical styles from Germany, Italy, and France. However, composers of the Romantic period began incorporating their country’s native folk songs and musical styles into their compositions. OBJECTIVES: At the end of this module you, as a learner, are expected to:  Narrate the life and works of Romantic composers after the video and movie showing  Relate Romantic period music to its historical and cultural background  Explain the performance practice during the Romantic period  Listen perceptively to selected Romantic period music  Describe musical elements of given Romantic period pieces  Sing themes or melodic fragments of given Romantic period pieces  Explore other arts and media that portray Romantic period elements  Improvise appropriate instrumental accompaniment to given short and simple Romantic period pieces
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 67 PRE-ASSESSMENT: I. Read the questions carefully and choose the correct answer. 1. Frederick Chopin wrote most of his music for the following instrument. a. Violin b. Flute c. Piano d. Orchestra 2. What does the term “Nationalism” means? a. Being patriotic b. Having a strong feeling for one’s nation c. Pride in one’s own composition d. Pride for another country or culture 3. Name the composer who bridged the Classical Period to the Romantic Period. a. Bach b. Bruckner c. Berlioz d. Beethoven 4. Which of these is not a characteristic of the romantic period? a. A freedom in writing and designing an intense personal expression of self-emotion b. Has a rich variety of piece types c. Has a shape and unity of the theme d. The textures are more expressive e. None of the above 5. Which one of the following is not a type of Program music? a. Song cycle c.Concert overture b. Symphonic poem d. Incidental music II. Identify the composers of the Romantic period from each column. 1 2 3 4 5 Johann Sebastian Bach Ludwig van Beethoven Franz Liszt Richard Wagner Arnold Schoenberg Franz Schubert Robert Schumann Igor Stravinsky Camille Saint- Saëns Claude Debussy Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Ryan Cayabyab Ramon Santos Edward Grieg Frederic Chopin
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 68 WHAT TO KNOW MUSIC OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD 1820-1910 Romantic Period is described as a cultural movement that stressed emotion, imagination, individualism and freedom of expression. These characteristics are evident in music, art and literature of the era. Nationalism was also incorporated in the music of the Romantic period. An example of a composition that shows nationalism is the Polonaise of Frederic Chopin, which is a dance composition for piano and is famous in Poland until today. Ludwig Van Beethoven bridged the music from Classical to Romantic era by expressing his passion and emotions through his music. Other composers were inspired by this musical style that they started to use music as a means of expressing their emotions and individuality. This change in musical form also paved the way for expanding the orchestra as the composers explored various instrumentations. Piano music of the Romantic period is in free form such as fantasy, rhapsody, ballade and nocturne. Program music was expressed in tone poems such as Symphony Fantastique. Most of the musical compositions of the era portray literature, history, emotions, and nature. VIOLIN AND STRINGS MUSIC NICCOLO PAGANINI He was born in October 27, 1782 in Genoa, Italy in a family of six children. His musical skills started with playing the mandolin at the age of five. He eventually transferred his training to the violin at the age of seven with different violin professors in Italy. His violin teachers could not keep up with the progress of his violin skills that he kept on transferring from one violin teacher to another. This led him to adopt all his teachers’ influences in playing the violin.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 69 Paganini became the most famous violin virtuoso in the world. However, together with his fame came the rumors about his amazing violin skills that was said to be a gift from the devil and that he sold his soul in exchange for those skills. He was also rumored to have a problem with women and gambling. His compositions inspired a lot of other composers such as Franz Liszt, Frederic Chopin and Robert Schumann. Some Works of Niccolo Paganini:  “La Campanella”  24 Caprices for Solo Violin, Op. 1  Concerto No. 1 in Eb , Op. 6  15 Quartets for Guitar and Strings Trio  The Carnival of Venice PIANO MUSIC Piano music of the Romantic period was filled with innovations. Most of the compositions require a high level of virtuosity. Some were reinventions of sonatas from the Classical era. Today, some piano compositionsfrom the Romantic period havebeen adapted into songs. An example of this isChopin’s Etude Op. 10, No. 3 in E major that was used for the song “No Other Love”. 1. FREDERIC CHOPIN Frederic Chopin was known as the “Poet of the Piano”. He was born on March 1,1810 in Zelazowa, Poland. Frederic Chopin began to play piano at age 4. He composed polonaise at the age of 7. He studied piano at Warsaw Conservatory under Wilhelm Würfel and most of his music was influenced by folk music. He finished his formal education at the higher school in 1829 and soon traveled to Europe giving concerts in places such as Vienna, Munich, Paris, and London. He wrote almost exclusively for piano. He made extensive use of piano pedal in most of his compositions. Chopin composed almost primarily for the piano and some of his most well known compositions are Fantasie in F minor, Op. 49, Revolutionary Etude, Op. 10, No. 12 and 24 Preludes, Op. 28.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 70 In 1831, Chopin arrived in Paris and met other legendary composers such as Franz Liszt, Felix Mendelssohn and Robert Schumann. During this time in Paris, Chopin met and married the famous French writer George Sand which later became a source of inspiration as well as a maternal figure in Chopin’s life. In the latter part of Chopin’s life, his health began to decline and he was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. Chopin died on October 17, 1849, in Paris. Chopin’s music is recognized worldwide for its beauty and his works on the piano are mainstays in the piano repertoire. Some of hismusic is characterized byits beautiful tone, rhythmic flexibility, grace and elegance. Some of his compositions like mazurkas and polonaise express his love for Poland. Chopin is famous for the following:  BALLADE- a verse form or narrative that is set to music  ETUDE –a piece composed for the development of a specific technique.  MAZURKA - a Polish dance in triple time signature  NOCTURNE - an instrumental composition of a pensive, dreamy mood, for the piano  POLONAISE - aslow Polish dance in triple time that consists of a march or procession  PRELUDE - a short piece of music that can be used as a preface, and introduction to another work or may stand on its own  WALTZ - aGerman dance in triple meter  IMPROMPTU–a short free-form musical composition usually for a solo instrument, like the piano  SCHERZO - a musical movement of playful character, typically in ABA form  SONATA - composition for one or more solo instrumentsusually consisting of three or four independent movements varying in key, mood, and tempo
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 71 2. FRANZ LISZT The best word that describes the works of Franz Liszt is “virtuosity”. He was known as the virtuoso pianist, a composer and the busiest musician during the romantic era. He played and studiedin Vienna and Paris whileperforming in concerts inthe rest of Europe. Liszt was born in the village Doborjan, Hungary. He displayed remarkable talent at a young age and easily understood sight reading.His father was his first teacher at age six. A turning point came when, in his early twenties, Liszt heard the virtuoso violinist NiccoloPaganini perform so he decided to dedicate himself in becoming a virtuoso pianist. He was known for his symphonic poemswhere he translatedgreat literary works into musical compositions. He also made piano transcriptions of operas and famous symphonies. Many of his piano compositions are technically challenging pieces. He was also known with his generosity in sharing time and money to the orphans, victim of disasters and the many students he taught music for free. Some of Liszt’s Piano works:  La Campanella  Liebestraume No. 3  Liszt's "Hungarian Rhapsodies" were originally written for solo piano, but many were arranged for orchestra or other combinations of instruments.The Hungarian Rhapsody No.2 is the most popular and was the basis for the Tom & Jerry cartoon called the Cat Concerto  Un Sospiro  Sonata in B Minor  Arrangements of the 9 Beethoven Symphonies  Transcriptions of Lieder by Schubert ORCHESTRAL COMPOSITION  Symphonic Poems (Hamlet, Les Preludes)
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 72 3. ROBERT SCHUMANN One of the famous Romantic composers that beautifully combined music and words is Robert Schumann. He was a composer and music critic. Robert Alexander Schumann was born in 1810 in Zwickau. His father wanted him to study law and so in 1821, Schumann went to Leipzig to study law.However, he spent most of his time with musical and literary circles thru the effort of Friedrich Wieck who took some time to teach Schumann how to play the piano. It was also this time when he wrote some of his first piano compositions. He eventually convinced his family that he should put aside law in favor of a performing career. In 1830, Schumann went to live with Wieck in Leipzig. He soon developed a problem with his hands, effectively ending his dreams as a pianist. It was in 1834 when Schumann founded the music journal, Jornal Neue Zeitschrift fur Musik, wherein he edited and wrote music criticism for his publication. He wrote numerous write-ups and one of which was the performance of Frederic Chopin in Paris, France. In his journal, Schumann often wrote under two pseudonyms - Eusebius (his sensitive, lyrical side) and Florestan (his fiery, stormy side). Piano Works  "Abegg Variations," Opus 1(1830)  "Davidsbundlertanze" ("Dances of the Band of David"), Opus 6 (1837)  "Carnaval," Opus 9 (1835) - a portrait of a masked ball attended by his allies and his beloved Clara  "Phantasiestucke," Opus 12 (1837) - a series of mood pieces  Kreisleriana," Opus 16 (1838) - a fantasy on the mad Kapellmeister  "Kinderszenen," Opus 15 (1838) - a poetic series of evocations of a child's world Robert Schumann Photography by: Joseph Kriehuber, 1839
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 73 He wrote over 100 Art Songs. Some of which are:  "Frauenliebe und Leben" ("A Woman's Love and Life")  "Dichterliebe" ("A Poet's Love") Orchestral music:  "Piano Concerto in A Minor," Opus 54  "Overture, Scherzo  “Finale," Opus 52 (a mini symphony)  "Konzertstuck in F Major for Four Horns and Orchestra," Opus 86 PROGRAM MUSIC Program music is an instrumental composition that conveys images or scenes to tell a short story without text or lyrics.It entices the imagination of the listener. COMPOSERS OF PROGRAM MUSIC: 1. HECTOR BERLIOZ Hector Berlioz is a French romantic composer born on December 11, 1803. At his young age, he learned to play guitar and flute but never became skilled in a specific musical instrument. His father was a physician who sent Hector to medical school but he ended up pursuing a career in music. One of his famous musical compositions is a five movement symphony called “Symphonie Fantastique”. In this composition which is also known as “Fantastic Symphony”, Berlioz showcased the important features in his composition in creating tone color. He assembled hundreds of musicians to produce a powerful sound. In most of his compositions, he made tone color as the basic part of his musical language. Hector Berlioz Photograph by : François-Marie- Louis-Alexandre Gobinet de Villecholle, 1865
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 74 STORY OF SYMPHONIE FANTASTIQUE: A young, extremely sensitiveand imaginative musician tries to kill himself with opium due to depression caused by discouraged love. Unfortunately, the dose was not enough and does not kill him but instead, plunges him into a heavy sleep flocked with nightmares. His experiences, feelings and memories are translated into hallucinations of musical thoughts and images. The girl he loveswas transformed into a melody and like a recurring theme, he meets and hears everywhere. Each movement of the symphony refers to a different vision in the young musician’s mind. SEQUENCE OF SYMPHONIE FANTASTIQUE: MOVEMENT TITLE TEMPO FORM 1ST MOVEMENT Reveries/Passion Largo (slow introduction) Allegro agitato e appasionado assai (agitated and very impassioned allegro) 2ND MOVEMENT A Ball Allegro non troppo The second movement is a waltz ABA form 3RD MOVEMENT Scene in the Country Adagio waltz ABA Coda Form 4TH MOVEMENT March to the Scaffold Allegretto non troppo Composed of two different themes 5TH MOVEMENT Dream of a Witches Sabbath Larghetto allegro Most fantastic of the movement
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 75 2. PETER ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY (Pyotr Ilyich Chaykowsky) Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky who was born on May 7, 1840 in Votkinsk, Russia,was known for his ballet music. He first studied law and became a law clerk in St. Petersburg in his twenties. He rebelled and began to study music at the conservatory also in St. Petersburg. As a big fan of Mozart, Tchaikovsky studied composition with Anton Rubinstein and moved to Moscow and started teaching at the new conservatory. He continued his music career in New York despite having marital problems and became famous after composing the musical poem “Fatum” and “Romeo and Juliet”. He composed haunting melodies and used a great deal of folk music in his symphonic works. Unfortunately, there are very few surviving manuscripts written by Tchaikovsky. His fame peaked in the last ten years of his life and later died due to cholera. Tchaikovsky’s Famous Compositions:  Swan Lake  Sleeping Beauty  The Nutcracker  Romeo & Juliet  1812 Overture  Symphony No. 2  Symphony No. 6 “Pathetique”  Piano Concerto No. 1 3. CAMILLE SAINT-SAËNS Camille Saint-Saëns was known as a talented musician from an early age. He was born in Paris on October 9, 1835 and started his music through the help of his aunt by teaching him piano lesson when he was only two years old and afterward he began composing piano piece at age three. Peter Tchaikovsky Photograph by: Edwin Evans, 1906 Camille Saint-Saens Photography by: Societe des Auteurs Photographes, Paris, 1918
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 76 He was considered as a composer who creates elegant music, neat, clean, polished and never excessive. One of this is example is “The Swan”. As an organist and one of the best pianists of his time, he sat very still at the piano and played gracefully and cool. Some of the facts during the peak of his career in musician and composer, many beautiful building, churches and instruments were being built in France which includes the famous Eiffel Tower. Best known music of Camille Saint-Saëns:  Carnival of the Animals  Danse Macabre and his SymphonyNo. 3  The Swan  Over 300 works, unusually in all genres, including o 3 operas (Samson and Delilah the only one remembered) o 5 Symphonies (best known No3 the Organ Symphony ) o 3 concertos for violin and orchestra o 5 concertos for piano and orchestra o 2 concertos for cello and orchestra o organ music o numerous pieces for the piano o approximately 100 songs o chamber music o sacred music including a Requiem
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 77 GROUP ACTIVITY: MUSICAL CONCEPT RAPPING Divide the class into 3. Each group will report the assigned topic and present the report in RAP style.The group can use instrumental music as accompaniment for RAP music. Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Violin and Strings Music Piano Music Program Music Rap / Song Rubric Criteria 4 3 2 1 Originality & Appearance Presentation show considerable originality and inve ntiveness. The cont ent andideas are presented in a unique and interesting way. Excellent use of graphics and background. Presentation shows some originalityand inventiveness. The content and ideas are presented in an interesting way. Good use of graphics and backgrounds. Presentation shows an attempt at originality and inventiveness. Fair use of graphics and backgrounds. Presentation is a r educed attempt at originality and inve ntiveness. Reduced use of graphics and backgrounds. Content Information is detail ed, varied, and extensive Includes important interesting information Includes some important and interesting Information. Minimal content. Audio Quality Singing is clear, wit h good diction and appropriate words for the topic. Music is at appropriate level. Not to loud or soft in accordance with singing Audio could be better quality. Music and singing a little out of balance. Either musi c chosen or the singi ng is slightly too loud b ut both still audible Audio could be better quality. Singing could be articulated better. Music or singing overpowering the other making it difficult but still possible to understand both Audio is of very reduced quality (too loud or soft, fuzzy!) Music and singing compete as audio in not properly levelled.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 78 Individual Activity Listening exercise: In the mood for music Write down words to describe the atmosphere and emotions of 2nd movement of SYMPHONY FANTASTIC “a ball”. Symphonie Fantastique 2nd movement – a ball ATMOSPHERE AND EMOTIONS INTRODUCTION 00:00- 00:39 BEGINNING 00:39-02:15 MIDDLE 02:16 – 05:38 END 05:39 – 06:38 MOODS/ATMOSPHERE SCARY SHOCKING EXPLOSIVE MYSTERY JOY CHEERFUL WARM INVITING FRIENDLY NOBLE SERIOUS DARK ADVENTURE CALM/PEACEFUL EXCITMENT
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 79 Individual Activity: LISTENING EXERCISE: LISTEN AND DISCUSS Listen to a recording of one of the composers and answer the following guide questions. 1. What can you say about the flow of the music? 2. Which instruments usually played the melody? 3. What happen to the movement of the tempo? Group Activity: Musical STORY TELLING Group the class into 5. Each group will report the life and music of Romantic period through story telling style. The class will use movement and voice over to introduce the composers. GROUP REPORTER NAME OF COMPOSER GROUP 1 Frederic Chopin GROUP 2 Franz Liszt GROUP 3 Camille Saint-Saëns GROUP 4 Hector Berlioz GROUP 5 Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 80 Rubric for Storytelling Criteria Exemplary Accomplished Developing Beginning Knows the Story Knows the story well; has obviously practiced telling the story; uses no notes; speaks with confidence Knows the story pretty well; some practice; may use notes; fairly confident Knows some of the story; has not practiced; relies on notes; appears uncomfortable Does not know story; reads from notes Voice Always speaks loudly, slowly, and clearly Correct pronunciation; explains unfamiliar words Usually speaks loudly, slowly, and clearly Correct pronunciation; does not explain unfamiliar words May speak too softly or too rapidly; mumbles occasionally Incorrect pronunciation of some words; does not explain unfamiliar words Speaks too softly or too rapidly; mumbles Incorrect pronunciation; does not know what unfamiliar words mean Acting Consistently motivates and assists others Quick to volunteer and assist others Generally works well with others Seldom works well with others Audience Contact Storyteller looks at all the audience; involves them with questions Storyteller looks at a few people in the audience; involves only a few with questions Story told to only 1 to 2 people in the audience; little audience involvement Storyteller does not look at audience; no attempt to involve audience with questions
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 81 Individual Activity: FOLLOW THE MUSIC The classroom will be divided into 7 areas and named according to the famous composers of the Romantic Period. Students will standin the middle of the classroom.As the teacher plays the CD or MP3 recording of the music of the Romantic period, students will identifythe composer and walk to the area of the classroom with the name of the composer. Each correct answer will be given 1 point. (10 points) STUDENTS TCHAIKOVSKY SAINT-SAENS LISZT PAGANINISCHUMANN SCHUBERT CHOPIN
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 82 Suggested music for listening game: 1. Frederic Chopin's, Fantasie Impromptu Op. 66 2. Frederic Chopin's, Nocturne Op. 9 No. 1 in Bb minor 3. Frederic Chopin - Nocturne In E Flat Major, Op.9 No.2 4. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky's famous 1812 Overture 5. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky - Swan Lake Op. 20 6. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky - The Nutcracker Suite 7. Franz Liszt - Liebestraum - Love Dream 8. Franz Liszt - Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 9. Camille Saint-Saëns - The Swan 10.Frederic Chopin- Nocturne no. 19 op. 72 no. 1 E Minor Individual activity PAINT THE MUSIC Listen to the recording of Frederic Chopin's, “Fantasie Impromptu Op. 66” and draw your own interpretation in a piece of Oslo paper. Write a short description of your drawing at the back of the paper.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 83 Group Activity MUSICAL CONCEPT RAPPING Divide the class into 3 groups. Each group will report the assigned topic and present it in RAP style. You can use percussive musical instruments as accompaniment. Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 History and characteristic of the Romantic Music Piano Music Program Music Rap / Song Rubric Criteria 4 3 2 1 Originality & Appearance Presentation sho w considerable originality and inv entiveness. The c ontent and ideas are presented in a unique and interesting way. Excellent use of graphics and background. Presentation shows some originality and inventiveness. The content and ideas are presented in an interesting way. Good use of graphics and backgrounds. Presentation shows an attempt at originality and inventiveness. Fair use of graphics and backgrounds. Presentation is a r educed attempt at originality and inve ntiveness. Reduced use of graphics and backgrounds. Content Information is det ailed, varied, and extensive Includes important interesting information Includes some important and interesting Information. Minimal content. Audio Quality Singing is clear, Music is at appropriate level. Not too loud or soft Audio could be better quality. Music and singing a little out of balance. Audio could be better quality. Singing could be articulated better. Voice quality and music does not blend properly making it hard to understand either one. Audio is of poor quality.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 84 Individual activity Music match Choose the composer of the given music piece from the 2nd column. Write your answer in the box. MUSIC COMPOSER ANSWER OVERTURE 1812 Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Frederic Chopin Franz Liszt Camille Saint-Saëns REVOLUTIONARY ETUDE Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Frederic Chopin Franz Liszt Camille Saint-Saëns WALTZ OF THE FLOWER FROM THE “NUTCRACKER SUITE” Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Frederic Chopin Franz Liszt Camille Saint-Saëns THE SWAN “CARNIVAL OF THE ANIMALS” Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Frederic Chopin Franz Liszt Camille Saint-Saëns NOCTURNE OP. 9 NO. 1 IN Bb minor Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Frederic Chopin Franz Liszt Camille Saint-Saëns
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 85 Group Activity: MUSICAL STORY TELLING Divide the class into 5 groups. Each group will present the life and musical works of the composers of the Romantic Period by setting the story into music. GROUP REPORTER NAME OF COMPOSER GROUP 1 Frederic Chopin GROUP 2 Franz Liszt GROUP 3 Camille Saint-Saëns GROUP 4 Hector Berlioz GROUP 5 Peter Illyich Tchaikovsky Rubrics for Storytelling Criteria Exemplary 5 Accomplished 4 Developing 3 Beginning 2 Knows the Story Knows the story well; has obviously practiced telling the story; does not use any guide cards or idiot boards Knows the story pretty well; with practice; fairly confident with the use of some guide cards or idiot boards Knows some parts of the story; relies on guide cards or idiot boards Does not know the story and completely relies on guide cards or idiot boards Voice Always sings and speaks loudly, slowly, and clearly Correct pronunciation Usually sings and speaks loudly, slowly, and clearly Correct pronunciation May sing and speak too softly or too rapidly; mumbles occasionally Incorrect pronunciation of some words Sings and Speaks too softly or too rapidly; mumbles Incorrect pronunciation Team Collaboration Consistently motivates and assists others Quick to volunteer and assist others Generally works well with others Seldom works well with others Audience Contact Storyteller looks at all the audience; involves them with questions Storyteller looks at a few people in the audience; involves only a few with questions Story told to only 1 to 2 people in the audience; little audience involvement Storyteller does not look at audience; no attempt to involve audience with questions
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 86 Individual Activity: LISTENING EXERCISE: Identify the music Listen to the following Romantic instrumental musicand identify the title and name of the composer. Title composer WHAT TO PROCESS Individual Activity: LISTENING EXERCISE: I CAN NAME THAT MUSIC... Listen to the selected recordings of Romantic instrumental music. Underline the title of the music, composer and types of music for each listening sample. Sample Exercises: music Title of the music composer Listening 1  Etude in Eb minor  Etude in Eb minor  Swan Lake  Sleeping Beauty  Frederic Chopin  Franz Liszt  Hector Berlioz
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 87 Music LISTENING Title of the music Composer Listening 1  Nocturne In E Flat Major, Op.9 No.2  Etude in Eb minor  Swan Lake  Frederic Chopin  Franz Liszt  Hector Berlioz Listening 2  Fantasie Impromptu  Liebestraum - Love Dream  The Nutcracker Suite  Frederic Chopin  Franz Liszt  Hector Berlioz Listening 3  1812 Overture Part 1  The Nutcracker Suite  The swan  Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky  Frederic Chopin  Camille Saint- Saëns Listening 4  The Swan  Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2  Swan Lake Op. 20  Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky  Frederic Chopin  Camille Saint- Saëns Listening 5  Liebestraum - Love Dream The Nutcracker Suite  Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2  Hector Berlioz  Franz Liszt  Camille Saint- Saëns
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 88 Individual Activity: Musical ELEMENTS analysis Listen carefully to the selected recordings of Romantic music. Analyze the music according to its elements and write your answer in the given chart below. Follow the sample activity for musical elements analysis. Sample musical elements analysis: TITLE INSTRUMENTS USED TEXTURE FORM TEMPO Liebestraum Liszt  Piano  Orchestral instruments  Monophony  Homophony  polyphony  Binary (AB)  Ternary (ABA)  Rondo (ABACA)  Fast  Slow  moderate TITLE OF MUSIC INSTRUMENTS USED TEXTURE FORM TEMPO Liebestraum - Love Dream REVOLUTIONARY ETUDE WALTZ OF THE FLOWERS FROM THE “NUTCRACKER SUITE” THE SWAN FROM “CARNIVAL OF THE ANIMALS” NOCTURNE OP. 9 NO. 1 IN Bb minor
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 89 Individual activity LISTENING EXERCISE: LISTEN AND ANALYZE Listen to the music of Frederic Chopin’s “Revolutionary Etude” and answer the following questions: 1. What have you observed in the tempo of the composition? 2. In which of the following compositions is the melodyeasy to recognize? Why? 3. What are the unique characteristics of Romantic music which are not present inOriginal Pilipino Music (OPM)? 4. Which of the following compositionsused more dynamics? Why do you think so? Group Activity MUSICAL VIDEO ANALYSIS Group the class by 3s. Watch, listen and analyze excerpts of“Symphonie Fantastique” and “The Nutcracker Suite”. Answer the following questions given and write your answer in your note book. 1. What did you observe upon listening and viewing the excerpts of “Symphonie Fantastique” and “The Nutcracker Suite”? 2. What are the significant features of the following program music based on the video presented? 3. What have you noticed in the tempo of Hector Berlioz composition? 4. Give at least 5 different moods that you have felt while listening to the music NOTE: The answer may vary based on the observation of the students about the video presented.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 90 Individual Activity PROGRAM MUSIC ANALYSIS OF THE ELEMENTS AND ATMOSPHERE OF THE MUSIC Listen to the recoding of Hector Berlioz Symphonie Fantastique 2nd movement “a ball” and describe the tempo in each given time.Identify the atmosphere or emotions. Symphonie Fantastique 2nd movement – a ball TEMPO ATMOSPHERE AND EMOTIONS INTRODUCTION 00:00 - 00:39 BEGINNING 00:39-02:15 MIDDLE 02:16 – 05:38 END 05:39 – 06:38 MOODS/ATMOSPHERE SCARY SHOCKING EXPLOSIVE MYSTERIOUS JOYFUL CHEERFUL WARM INVITING FRIENDLY NOBLE SERIOUS DARK ADVENTUROUS CALM/PEACEFUL EXCITING
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 91 Individual Activity: Listening analysis for Piano and Program music Listen to the recording of the selected piano compositions and analyze the texture and tempo.Describe the mood of each composition. Sample chart: ROMEO AND JULIET PETER ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY TIME Texture Tempo Moods of the music 1 ST THEME 00:00-2:10 Mystery/calm/peaceful 2ND THEME 02:10-2:50 Serious/lonely 3 RD THEME 02:50-4:20 Mystery/calm/peaceful 4 TH THEME 04:20-5:00 Sad/adventure/ 5 TH THEME 05:00-7:10 Calm/enthralled Frederic Chopin Scherzo No. 2 in B-flat minor, Op. 31 TIME Texture Tempo Mood 1 ST THEME 2 ND THEME 3RD THEME 4TH THEME 5 TH THEME “March To The Scaffold” of Symphonie Fantastique 4th movement TIME Moods of the music 1ST THEME 2 ND THEME 3 RD THEME 4TH THEME 5TH THEME
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 92 Individual Activity Musical score analysis To the Illustrator/Layout Artist: Pls. insert the musical score of Chopin’s etude) Analyze the musical score of Chopin’s Etudes - Op.10 no. 3 and answer the following questions. 1. What is the time signature of the music? 2. What is the key of the composition? 3. Which part of the score demonstrates the changes of the tempo? 4. In your own words, describe the melody of the music. Enhancement activities for understanding Individual Activity Complete the following unfinished sentence. My understanding about the music of the Romantic Period is that… ________________________________________________________________ I realized that most of instrumental music from theRomantic Period are… ________________________________________________________________ The reason why I really appreciate instrumental music from the Romantic Period is because… ________________________________________________________________ I love listening to the romantic music composition because… ________________________________________________________________
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 93 Individual Activity JOURNAL ENTRIES Using a scrap book, old magazine or old notebook, make a journal of weekly music activities. Write something or have a picture of the activity and paste it. You can also write something that you read from any books or articles from the internet that is related to the topic in romantic music. Things to accomplish in journal entry a. Picture of Romantic Composer b. Articles related to Romantic Music c. Lessons learned inside the classroom discussion d. Pictures of music activity done inside or outside the classroom Individual Activity WEEKLY LISTENING LOG Make a weekly log chartand place it in your journal. Listen to radio stations or watch YouTube videos from the internet and write the title, composer time/date and your reflection about the music Sample weekly listening log Title of the song or music composer Time/Date reflection source
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 94 ENHANCEMENT ACTIVITIES FOR PERFORMANCE/PRODUCT Group Activity: Mashup Music Divide the class into 4 groups. Choose any of the instrumental compositions from the Romantic period given below and arrangea 5 minute mash-up music. Each group will make a movement out of the mashup music you created. You can use any free installer from the internet to edit the music. Selected Romantic music for arrangement of composition  Frederic Chopin's, Fantasie Impromptu Op. 66 piano sheet  Frederic Chopin's, Nocturne Op. 9 No. 1 in Bb minor, piano  Frederic Chopin - Nocturne In E Flat Major, Op.9 No.2  Frederic Chopin - Nocturne In E Flat Major, Op.9 No.2  Tchaikovsky's famous 1812 Overture Part 1  Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky - Swan Lake Op. 20  Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky - The Nutcracker Suite  Franz Liszt - Liebestraum - Love Dream  Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 - HD - Franz Liszt Group Activity: MUSICAL POEM 1. Divide the class into 4 groups. 2. Each group will create a 6 stanza poem (4 lines per stanza) based on the assigned Romantic composition. 3. After making the poem, each group will create a melody or adopt a melody from anyOPM song and perform it in the class. GROUP 1 NOCTURNE FREDERIC CHOPIN GROUP 2 LIEBESTRAUM FRANZ LISZT GROUP 3 THE SWAN Camille Saint-Saëns GROUP 4 ROMEO AND JULIET PETER ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 95 Rubrics for musical poem: Category 4 3 2 1 Overall Performance The composition was creative, clean/easy to read, and included all required elements. The melody fit well with the lyrics. The composition was somewhat creative and legible. Most of the required elements were included. The lyrics were rhythmically awkward in a few places. The composition was very basic and somewhat legible to read. At least half of the required elements were included. No fluidity in melody and lyrics. The composition was not complete, and very difficult to read. Under half of the required elements were included. Project will need to be revised. Group Activity PANTOMIME PRESENTATION Divide the class into 3 groups. Each group are assign to interpret the selected recordings of Romantic instrumental music by means of hand mime style presentation. GROUP 1 GROUP 2 GROUP 3 Franz Liszt Liebestraum Love Dream Frederic Chopin Etude Op 25 No 12 in C- minor Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Swan Lake Op. 20
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 96 RUBRICS for Pantomime production: Category 4 3 2 1 MOVEMENT Student expresses emotion by using appropriate gestures, body movements, and facial expressions Student expresses emotion by using some gestures, body movements, and facial expressions Student attempts to use gesture, body movement, and facial expression Student uses limited or inappropriate gesture, body movement, and facial expression CHARACTER Students communicate expressively, illuminating the life and world of the character. Student communicates clearly, expressing the life and world of the Character. Student attempts to express the life and world of the character, But execution is weak. Student uses limited or inappropriateacting technique to Create character. REFLECTION ON WAYS TO IMPROVE Student writes aperceptive reflection on how to improveboth rehearsal and performance. Student writes a proficient reflection clarifying how toimprove bothrehearsal and performance Student writes aweak reflection on how to improve both rehearsal and performance or fails to write about either the rehearsal or the performance Student writes a veryweak reflection on neither the rehearsalor performance
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 97 GLOSSARY: ADAGIO - In a slow tempo, usually considered to be slower than andante but faster than larghetto. Used chiefly as a direction for tempo ALLEGRO - In a quick, lively tempo, usually considered to be faster than allegretto but slower than presto. Used chiefly as a direction ALLEGRETTO - In a moderately quick tempo, usually considered to be slightly slower than allegro but faster than andante. Used chiefly as a direction. BALLADE–A musical piece adapted from a verse form. It usually consists of three stanzas of eight or ten lines each along with a brief representation, with all three stanzas and the representation ending in the same one-line refrain. BALLET - A theatrical presentation of group or solo dancing to a musical accompaniment, usually with costume and scenic effects, conveying a story or theme. CONCERTO - A composition for an orchestra and one or more solo instruments, typically in three movements. ETUDE- A piece composed for the development of a specific point of technique. LARGO - In a very slow tempo, usually considered to be slower than adagio, and with great dignity. Used chiefly as a direction. MAZURKA - A Polish dance resembling the polka, frequently adopted as a ballet form NOCTURNE - An instrumental composition of a pensive, dreamy mood, especially one for the piano. NATIONALISM - Devotion to the interests or culture of one's nation. OVERTURE - An instrumental composition intended especially as an introduction to an extended work, such as an opera or oratorio PIANO MUSIC - sheet music to be played on a piano POLONAISE - A stately, march like Polish dance, or music for piano primarily a promenade by couples. PRELUDE - An introductory performance, event, or action preceding a more important one. PROGRAM MUSIC - Musical compositions intended to depict or suggest non- musical incidents, ideas, or images RUBATO - Rhythmic flexibility within a phrase or measure; a relaxation of strict time SYMPHONIC POEM - A piece of music, most popular in the late 19th century, that is based on an extra musical theme, such as a story or nationalistic ideal, and usually consists of a single extended movement for a symphony orchestra and also called tone poem. SYMPHONY - An extended piece in three or more movements for symphony orchestra.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 3 RO R O M A N T I C M U S I C Page 98 VIRTUOSO - A musician who performs with masterly ability, technique, or personal style WALTZ - A dance in triple time performed by a couple who, as a pair, turn rhythmically around and around as they progress around the dance floor REFERENCES:  http://www.classicfm.com  http://chestofbooks.com  http://blogs.colum.edu  http://www.collectionscanada.gc.  http://www.classicalarchives.com  http://www.rpo.org  http://www.notablebiographies.com  www.slideshare.com  google.com  http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/  http://beabetterproducer.com  http://www.thefreedictionary.com  http://www.youtube.com/  http://www.p12.nysed.gov  www.liliypond.com
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 101
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 102 LEARNING AREA STANDARD The learner demonstrates an understanding of basic concepts and processes in music and art through appreciation, analysis and performance for his/her self-development, celebration of his/her Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and expansion of his/her world vision. Key- stage STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of music and art of the Philippines and the world, through appreciation, analysis, and performance, for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one‟s world vision. grade level STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of Western music and the arts from different historical periods, through appreciation, analysis, and performance for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one‟s world vision. CONTENT STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of characteristic features of vocal music of the Romantic Period. PERFORMANCE STANDARD The learner sings and performs themes of selected songs from the Romantic Period. Time allotment: 8 hours
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 103 Introduction How do you express your feelings? Is it through writing, painting, dancing, singing or acting? What do you feel when these emotions are not expressed? Vocal music is one of the best tools for expressing one‟s feelings. This form of expression became more evident during the Romantic period. Romanticism coincided with the Industrial Revolution in Western Europe that brought about the rise of socialism and capitalism. The Romantic Period‟s basic quality is emotional subjectivity. Composers explore feelings of grandiosity, intimacy, unpredictability, sad, rapture and longing. Romantic vocal forms like the art song and operas were about fantasy, supernatural, romance and the nature as mirror of the human heart. Virtuoso performers are not only instrumentalists but also singers. One singer sometimes sounds like several characters by use of different vocal register. To fully understand and appreciate vocal music of the Romantic Period, this unit will let you experience the cultural developments and artistic forms of expression of the period. By understanding the past we learn to appreciate the things we enjoy today. Objectives: At the end of this module you, as a learner are expected to:  Narrate the plot, musical and theatrical elements of an opera after video and movie showing.  Listen perceptively to selected art songs and excerpts of opera and classify the different vocal ranges and voice types of opera performers.  Sing themes or melodic fragments of given selected songs.  Analyze the musical structure of the vocal music forms of Romantic Period music.  Explore other arts and media that portray Romantic period elements.  Create/improvise appropriate sounds, music, gestures, movements, and costumes for a chosen opera. Pre-Assessment
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 104 Locate Me Locate and encircle the word related to vocal music of the Romantic period inside the box. The word/s may be arranged horizontally, vertically, diagonally/inverted. Match the words found to the questions given below. P U C C I N I E U P O I R E D E I L T S P D T N E M R A C G E R E W R R N I R L R E N G A W G D E R A V L A B C H E M E P R I G O L L E T O O S C H U B E R T I 1. Romantic Opera composer who wrote his final opera that ends with “All the world‟s a joke.” 2. Late-Romantic Italian composer who composed the score for “La Boheme.” 3. German composer who adapted the leitmotif approach. 4. German term for composition for solo voice and piano. 5. Story set into music with several acts, finales and postludes. 6. Viennese composer who wrote over 600 art songs and the “Unfinished Symphony”. 7. “La Donna e Mobile” is an Aria from this Opera. 8. Georges Bizet‟s famous opera WHAT TO KNOW?
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 105 The parallelisms of music and literature were clearly evident in almost all forms of vocal music during the Romantic period. Composers interpret poems, mood, atmosphere and imagery into music. Musical compositions suc as the art song was written for solo voice and piano. Like all program music, art song has its inspiration from poetry in this period. Mood is often set at the beginning with piano introduction and concluded with a piano postlude. Romantic artists found inspiration in landscapes. Their subjects were traditional myths, legends and folklore usually dealing with the supernatural, grotesque, and less ordinary. Vocal music in this period require singers to perform a greater range of tone color, dynamics and pitch. Because of this, Opera became an important source of musical expressions. The birth of the opera houses came. It was the place where all the arts converged: not only music, but poetry, painting, architecture and the dance as well. OPERA COMPOSERS OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD Franz Peter Schubert The proper name for Franz Schubert songs is actually lieder, which is the German word for songs. Schubert developed lieder so that they had a powerful dramatic impact on the listeners. He tapped the poetry of writers like Johann Goethe. He is considered the last of the Classical composers and one of the first romantic ones. His famous vocal music works/ Lieder were: “Gretchen am Spinnrade”, “Erlkonig”, “Ellens Gesang III” (“Ave Maria”) and “Schwanenge sang” (“Swan Song”). He also wrote piano pieces, string quartets, operetta and the Symphony No.8 in B minor (“Unfinished Symphony”) Schubert was born on the 31st of January 1797 in Himmelpfortgrund, Austria and died in 1828 in Vienna, Austria at 31. Giuseppe Verdi Image by Wilhelm August Rieder 1875
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 106 A name associated with Romantic opera is that of Verdi. His characters are ordinary people and not those of the royal family like those found in German operas. He insisted on a good libretto and wrote operas with political overtones and for middle-class audience. Verdi was born in Parma, Italy on October 9, 1813. He studied in Busseto and later went to Milan where his first opera “Oberto” was performed in La Scala, the most important opera house at the time. Almost all of his works are serious love story with unhappy ending. Expressive vocal melody is the soul of a Verdi opera. He completed 25 operas throughout his career. His final opera ends with “All the world‟s a joke.”Some of his famous operas are still being produced and performed worldwide. His much acclaimed works are; La Traviata, Rigoletto, Falstaff, Otello and Aida were he wrote for the opening of the Suez Canal. He died in Milan, Italy on January 27,1901. Giacomo Puccini Giacomo Puccini was born in a poor family on December 22, 1858 in Lucca, Italy. He studied at the Milan Conservatory. He belonged to a group of composers who stressed realism, therefore, he drew material from everyday life, rejecting heroic themes from mythology and history. Puccini‟s famous operas were: “La Boheme”, “Tosca”, “Madame Butterfly”, and “Turandot”. Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner was born in Leipzig, Germany on May 22, 1813. He attended Leipzig University. He was very much inspired by Ludwig van Beethoven. Wagner introduced new ideas in harmony and in form, including extremes of chromaticism. He also explored the limits of the traditional tonal system that gave keys and chords its Image by Giacomo Brogi 1822-1881 Image by New York 1956 Image by Caesar Willich 1862
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 107 own identity which paved the way for the rise of atonality in the 20th century. Wagner exerted a strong influence on the operatic medium. He was an advocate of a new form of opera which he called “music drama” where musical and dramatic elements were fused together. He developed a compositional style in which the orchestra has of equal importance in dramatic roles as the singers themselves. The expressiveness is aided by the use of “leitmotifs” or musical sequences standing for a particular character/plot element. His famous works are; “Tristan and Isolde”, “Die Walkyrie”, “Die Meistersinger”, “Tannhäuser”, and “Parsifal”. His work would later influence modern film scores, including those of the Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings film series. Wagner died of a heart attack on February 13,1883 at age of 69.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 108 Georges Bizet Georges Bizet was registered with the legal name Alexandre-Cesar-Leopold Bizet, but was baptized Georges Bizet and was always known by the latter name. He was born October 25, 1838 in Paris, France. He entered the Paris Conservatory of music at a very young age. Bizet became famous for his operas. His most famous opera is “Carmen”. However, when “Carmen” first opened in Paris, the reviews were terrible. The shows were criticized in horrible ways that resulted in poor audience attendance. During the first round of “Carmen” performances, Bizet died (June 3, 1875). He was only 36. Four months later, “Carmen” opened in Vienna, Austria, and was a smash hit. It is now one of the most popular operas ever written. Bizet never knew that audiences would come to consider it as his masterpiece. Image by Etienne Carjat 1875
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 109 Individual Activity Listening is an art. The more you listen the better understanding you will have in appreciating the beauty of the vocal music of the Romantic period. You will listen carefully to the following selections and answer the exercises given below. Recall important details about the music and write your answers in your notebook WHICH IS WHICH? Compare two vocal works by listening to these songs entitled, “Gretchen am Spinnrade” by F. Schubert, and “Mutya ng Pasig” by Nicanor Abelardo. Write their characteristics. Title Melody Rhythm Tone Quality Texture “Gretchen am Spinnrade” by F. Schubert Lied/ Art Song ( Range, register, mode, etc.) “Mutya ng Pasig” by Nicanor Abelardo Kundiman Conclusion:____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ REFLECTION: 1. What did you feel? What emotions were evoked/expressed in the music? 2. Which style do you prefer? Why? 3. What are the similarities/differences? Listening Exercise:
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 110 Listen attentively to the Art song, Erlking (1815) by Franz Schubert and fill in the missing word/words from the choices given below each number. _____1.Introduction is played by the__________ a. Violin b. Orchestra c. Piano _____2. Movement of notes are in ___________ a. Leaps b. Steps c. Hopping _____3. Tension was depicted by low steady pitches and ______ movement. a. Homophonic b. Chromatic c. Pentatonic _____4. The father part has a ______ register. a. High b. Low c. Medium _____5. Last part of the piece has a slow piano and then stops with a____. a. Chorus b. Aria c. Recitative Listening Exercise Listen attentively to the Aria, Un bel di, from Madame Butterfly, Act II by Giacomo Puccini and analyze which of the following statements are true about the aria? If the statement is true write VERDI if not write X. _____1.The opening of the aria has a dreamlike quality. _____2.The piece is accompanied by solo violin. _____3.The aria was sang by a baritone. _____4.The text is written in Japanese. _____5.The final climactic moment ends with a very soft crescendo.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 111 ROMANTIC OPERA
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 112 Opera became increasingly popular during the Romantic period. It is a musical composition having all or most of its text set to music with arias, recitative, choruses, duets, trios, etc. sung to orchestral accompaniment. The opera is usually characterized by elaborate costumes, scenery and choreography. Components of an Opera:  Libretto - the text of an opera. Librettist and the composer work closely together to tell the story.  Score - the book that the composer and librettist put together. The score has all the musical notes, words and ideas to help the performers tell the story. Often, there are operas with overtures, preludes, prologues, several acts, finales and postludes.  Recitative - Declamatory singing, used in the prose parts and dialogue of opera. Different roles in operas are created taking into account different types of voices. Each role requires a different type of singer, not only able to sing a given vocal range but also with certain voice characteristics, color and power.  Aria – an air or solo singing part sung by a principal character. This song is what the public will remember best when leaving the opera house. Properly and well sung, a beautiful aria can bring an audience to its feet and decide the fate of an entire opera.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 113 It is also important to know the types of voices of singers. This will serve as a guide for singers on their choice of songs and vocal quality expected of a singer or opera character. For the Male Voice: 1. Tenor- highest male voice 2. Baritone- Middle male voice, lies between Bass and Tenor voices. It is the common male voice. 3. Bass- lowest male voice For the Female Voice: 1. Soprano- highest female voice  Coloratura-highest soprano voice  Lyric-bright and full sound  Dramatic- darker full sound  Mezzo-Soprano- most common female voice; strong middle voice, tone is darker or deeper than the soprano  Contralto- lowest female voice and most unique among female
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 114  Duet, trio, and other small ensemble  Chorus  Orchestra  Acts-main divisions of an opera  Scene- setting or place Composers like Verdi, Puccini and Wagner saw the opportunity to explore ways to develop the vocal power of a singer. Greater range of tone color, dynamics and pitch were employed. Dynamics and vocal embellishments were used to further affect the way singers sing. Some musical terms are used like:  A Capella - one or more singers performing without instrumental accompaniment.  Cantabile - In a singing style  Capo - Head, the beginning  Coda - closing section appended to a movement or song.  Dolce - sweetly  Falsetto - a weaker and more airy voice usually in the higher pitch ranges.  Glissando - sliding quickly between 2 notes/  Passagio - parts of a singing voice where register transitions occur.  Rubato - slight speeding up or slowing down of the tempo of a piece at the discretion of the soloist.  Tessitura - the most comfortable singing range of a singer.  Vibrato - rapidly repeated slight pitch variation during a sustained note, to give a richer & more varied sound.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 115 Here are some examples of the story of 2 famous operas of the Romantic Period: LA TRAVIATA  Music by Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901)  Libretto in Italian by Francesco Maria Piave, based on “La Dame aux Camélias,” play by Alexandre Dumas after his novel by the same name. The play is known in English as “Camille.” Premiere: Venice, March 6, 1853.  Categorized as a Romantic tragedy.  Set in Paris, France during 1850.  Originally in three acts, but present-day productions are usually in four acts dividing the original Act II  ACT I: Violetta‟s Paris salon, luxuriously furnished  ACT II: A villa near Paris  ACT III: Ballroom in Flora‟s mansion  ACT IV: Violetta‟s bedroom
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 116 Synopsis At one of her brilliant supper parties, the beautiful but frail demi- mondaine (a woman supported by a wealthy lover –Merriam Webster Dictionary), Violetta Valéry, meets the well-born Alfredo Germont. They immediately fall in love and she decides to abandon her life of pleasure. Alfredo‟s father did not approve of their lifestyle in the country and demands that Violetta renounce Alfredo. Violetta determined to make the sacrifice, then departs and leaves only a note for Alfredo. She appears at a ball in Flora‟s house on the arm of an old admirer, Baron Douphol which makes Alfredo angry. Alfredo challenges the Baron to play cards where Alfredo wins consistently. Unable to persuade Violetta to go with him, Alfredo insults her. Violetta becomes ill, and all her friends desert her, leaving her virtually penniless. Alfredo returns to Violetta. His father told him of the real story behind Violetta‟s departure from their country house, and urged him to seek her forgiveness. Overjoyed at the sight of him, Violetta attempts to rise but falls into Alfredo‟s arms. Germont and the doctor enter as Violetta dies. REFLECTION: 1. Does the plot of the opera reflect the ideals of the Romantic period? Why? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 2. Do you think the opera “La Traviata” is an opera worth watching? Why? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 117 Madame Butterfly  Music by Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924)  Libretto in Italian by Giuseppe Giacosa and Luigi Ilica.From the short story by John Luther Lung, derived from Pierre Loti‟s tale Madame Chrysantheme.  Romantic tragedy. Set numbers; recitative. Setting: Nagasaki, Japan, at the beginning of the 20th century. Two acts; Act 2 with two parts Synopsis When American naval vessels frequented Japanese seaports, American Lieutenant Benjamin Franklin Pinkerton met Cio-Cio-San (“Butterfly”) and was captivated by her beauty. Pinkerton rented a Japanese house and part of his rental package is his “betrothal” to Cio-Cio-San. Treating the marriage merely as a casual affair, Pinkerton returns to America after the wedding leaving Cio-Cio-San loyally waiting for his return. He marries an American woman named Kate. When he returns to Japan three years later with his American wife, he learns that he bore a son with Cio-Cio-San. Upon learning that Pinkerton had married another woman, Cio- Cio-San kills herself to make sure that Pinkerton takes their son with him.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 118 REFLECT: 1. Does the opera showcase the ideals and emotional whims of Romantic opera?How?______________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 2. What makes this opera different from “La Traviata”? ________________________________________________________ Individual Activity WHo’S THAT VoICE? Listen to the following excerpts from different Arias and identify the dominating vocal range by shading the circle. ARIA MALE FEMALE 1.La Donna e mobile o Tenor o Baritone o Bass o Soprano(coloratura) o Mezzo-soprano o Contralto 2.Nessum Dorma o Tenor o Baritone o Bass o Soprano(coloratura) o Mezzo-soprano o Contralto 3.Libiamo o Tenor o Baritone o Bass o Soprano(coloratura) o Mezzo-soprano o Contralto 4.Un bel di redremo o Tenor o Baritone o Bass o Soprano(coloratura) o Mezzo-soprano o Contralto 5.VISSI d’ArTE o Tenor o Baritone o Bass o Soprano(coloratura) o Mezzo-soprano o Contralto 6.QUAndo m’En Vo o Tenor o Baritone o Bass o Soprano(coloratura) o Mezzo-soprano o Contralto 7.Ave Maria o Tenor o Baritone o Bass o Soprano(coloratura) o Mezzo-soprano o Contralto
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 119 REFLECTION: 1. How were the singers able to relay the message of the music? 2. Is it important for composers to consider the vocal range or classification of his singer? Why? 3. What is your overall impression of the performance? 4. If a popular singer today will also perform the songs you just listen, would he/she be able to perform the same way as the one you‟ve just listen? Why? 5. Research and paste pictures of some famous modern opera singers today in your activity notebook. Individual Activity Look for famous opera and popular singers today and try to identify their voice classification. Don‟t limit your research on foreign artists but also our local singers today. Name of Artist Voice Classification 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 120 Group Activity: MUSIC CHART Your teacher will assign each group with an aria from famous operas of the Romantic Period. Listen perceptively and fill in the chart below with information about the composition assigned to your group. As for the musical elements, listen first to the songs before filling in the chart. Composer 5 facts about the composer 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 Title Year of Composition Style of performance ( Solo Vocal with orchestral accompaniment) Tone Color Draw the melodic contour Rhythm :  Meter  Tempo Harmony ( monophonic, homophonic or polyphonic) Describe the overall performance. Share your thoughts, feelings, story and images that you imagined while listening.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 121 Suggested additional listening resources:  Rigoletto-“La Donna e Mobile”-G.Verdi http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCFREk6Y8TmM  Turandot-“Nessun Dorma”-G. Puccini http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdTBm14o0Z8  La Traviata-“Libiamo ne lieti calici”-G.Verdi http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOhQ1Wdiik  Madame Butterfly-“Un bel di redremo”- G. Puccini http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPUSqOeApVe  Gretchen am Spinnrade- F. Schubert .http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSneYMIdY-k  “Erlking”- F. Schubert http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9fHa6caCMc  Carmen- “L‟amour”- G. Bizet http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8w9yJdkeryI Individual Activity: NAME THAT TUNE! Can you recall all the songs that you were able to listen? Let us see if you could name the tune with just a few melodic fragments from the song. Write the title and also the composer. TITLE COMPOSER 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 122 WHAT TO process: Training to sing for opera usually requires a long process of voice lessons or study. It also requires a lengthy time of practice for you to master your voice. For many singers, the long process of studying also means starting early in life. The list below shows you the different aspects that you need to learn as you train for opera.  Sound/ Tone Color: For opera, the performance is about the quality of sound that the singer makes. Singing opera requires you to sing long phrases and to sing loud enough to be heard over an orchestra in large halls.  “Bel Canto” technique: When singing opera, the focus of the performance is on the singing technique. Opera technique is called bel canto, which literally means beautiful singing. This is done by singing with your mouth and throat wide open and used with the proper breath support to project the voice through the entire hall. Endurance for long operas is an issue for singers. You have to practice a lot so that you can sing well for the entire length of the opera, which can be two to four hours.  Language: Opera singers often sing in Italian, French, German, or Russian. You don‟t have to be fluent in all these languages, but you want to be familiar enough with them that you can easily sing and sound like you are fluent in these languages.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 123 Individual Activity:THE VOICE In this activity evaluate the voice classification of the people around you. You can choose the people in your own home or at your school. List down their names and let them sign in after you evaluate their type of voice. NAME RANGE SIGNATURE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. REFLECTION: 1. Why is it important to know our voice type? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 2. In choosing songs, is it important to consider the type of voice the singer has? Why? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 124 Fundamentals of Singing  Breathing There are two sides of breathing-inhaling and exhaling- and both play an important role in singing. Breathing is a natural biological function but you can control how you breathe in order to develop your best singing voice. Learn how to expand your lung capacity, control your exhalation, and release air without making breathing noises. Individual Activity The teacher will give you some breathing exercises and try to rate yourself by filling in the checklist below. TYPE OF EXERCISE GOOD FAIR DIFFICULT 1. Why do you think singers should know how to breathe correctly?
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 125  Controlling Tone Quality The timbre of the voice describes its tone quality. Some singers refer to “head” and “chest” voice. Generally, the lower the pitch, the lower it resonates. The voice often “breaks” and the tone quality changes on certain pitches. The key is to realize that the registers are not actually separate mechanism, just have different levels on a continuous scale. Individual Activity With the use of a keyboard the teacher will let you sing a few notes and try to evaluate which is better technique for you. Reflect: 1. While singing which is more comfortable for you to use the “head” or the “chest”? 2. Which do you prefer, singing the high notes or lower pitches?  Posture Proper posture promotes efficient breathing which is essential to projection, tone quality, and vocal range. The ideal posture for singing is erect yet relaxed. Overall good health and physical fitness are also important.  Vocal Range One major goal of every singer is to have a well-developed and impressive singing range. In order to achieve this, a singer should establish good vocal habits in the most comfortable placement of the voice and then slowly expanding the range.  Endurance Singers are expected to perform well even it will take an hour or more to perform. Endurance is expected from singers who also practice long hours to give a good and memorable performance. Even today popular singers still showcase their talents to a high level of performance. The need to capture the audience with their extraordinary vocal ability is still the main reason for showcasing their talents. Many musical plays are inspired by these operas of the Romantic Period. They emulate the same intense emotions but are now put into the present context.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 126 Individual Activity: MY X-FACTOR You have been introduced to the different vocal techniques that singers apply to achieve that great performance. It is now your turn to try these techniques in your advantage by performing any song of your choice and sing it in front of an audience. Imagine that you are auditioning for a role in an Opera. Rubric for Singing Performance CRITERIA 10 ADVANCED 8 PROFICIENT 7 BASIC 5 MINIMAL Posture Standing/sitting straight. Feet flat on the floor. Head up and never needs to be reminded about posture. Standing/sitting straight. Feet flat on the floor. Head up and must be reminded about posture. Standing but either slouching/leaning. Standing but without both feet on the floor Will not follow directions for standing or sitting properly. Projection Singing at appropriate volume (audible, not shouted) independently. Singing with appropriate volume yet not shouted with prompting from teacher Singing without confidence. Poor breath support. Will not sing Tone Quality Singing with appropriate fullness of tone. Singing, though with poor breath support. Mumbling, speaking, shouting Will not sing Diction Student articulates clearly and the text of the music is understandable. Student articulates the words somewhat clearly and the text can be understood most of the time. Student is sometimes articulating the words, but the text is often not discernable. No clue as to what the student is singing. Total Points: _________
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 127 WHAT TO understand In the Philippines, the sarsuwela, also known as the „drama simbolico‟ was a traditional theatre genre that dominated the Philippine theatre scene over one hundred years. It was first introduced by Dario Cespedes.Like the Opera of the Romantic period its storyline was commonly based on domestic issues that often exemplified a strong sense of Filipino nationalism and anguish against the country‟s foreign imperialists. Famous writers of sarsuwela include Benigno Zamora, Severino Reyes and Clodualdo del Mundo. Dalagang Bukid (Country Maiden, 1919) is arguably the most popular sarsuwela in Tagalog. Today, singers like Maria Callas and Kirsten Chenoweth are famous because of their performances of different operas and musical plays abroad. In the Philippines artist like Isay Alvarez, Robert Seňa, Monique Wilson, Jaime Rivera and Leah Salonga also became famous not only in the local scene but abroad as well for their roles in musical plays like the “Miss Saigon.” In fact Leah Salonga won various international awards like the Olivier, Tony, Drama Desk and Theatre World awards. She also received the Order of Lakandula Award from Philippine president Gloria Macapagal- Arroyo in recognition of her excellence in her craft and for using her talents to benefit Philippine society. Individual Activity: Listen to aria, “Un bel di”, from “Madame Butterfly”, Act II and compare this with the solo song “I‟d Give My Life For You” from “Miss Saigon”. Evaluate their performance by filling in the checklist with the following figures. Draw: = BEST = GOOD = FAIR Vocal Performance Criteria “Un bel di” (One beautiful day) Aria:Cio-cio San Madame Butterfly “I’d Give My Life For You” Solo:Kim Miss Saigon
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 128 Breathing Support/Control Placement of sounds Endurance Reflect: 1. Which performance do you prefer? Why? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 2. Is it possible for trained opera singers to perform the same as the modern musical play singers? Yes or No? Why? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Individual Activity: LET’S WATCH A MOVIE! You are going to watch a modern version of what an opera is. Watch for the different components of opera being shown in the movie. Then take note of the important details about the plot, the characters, musical and theatrical elements present in the film. Answer the following questions: 1. What is your overall impression of the film? 2. From viewing, cite the important components needed to produce an Opera? 3. Did the film teach you how to have a good understanding on how to perform in an opera? 4. In what ways do operas help people learn about the culture of other people? 5. How will you help other people in the future to understand and appreciate theatrical performances like the Opera?
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 129 Group Activity ROMANTIC’S SCRAPBOOK Work in groups. Make a collection of famous Romantic opera synopsis and musical pieces from the internet and other music books. Compile the examples according to the composer and their style. From your compilation of musical pieces/arias each group will also sing an example of these to the class. CRITERIA 4 3 2 1 ADVANCED PROFICIENT BASIC MINIMAL CONTENT Complete information, accurate and appropriate details. Main points are covered but lack some detail. Some main points and details are missing. Main points are not complete and are greatly lacking Pictures, photographs and drawings or other similar devices add to the overall effectiveness. Captions are relevant and explanatory Number and types of visuals are adequate as are captions. More and better visuals could be used; captions only identify and label rather than explain. Very little pictorial representation is present; captions are incomplete. Space, shapes and colors add to the overall effectiveness of the scrapbook. Design elements and principles used are adequate. Shows evidence of use of some design elements and principles. No consideration of design elements and principles. Sources are properly and thoroughly cited Minimum sources are present and are cited properly Sufficient number/types of sources are lacking. List of sources are inadequate. THEME There is wholeness about the scrapbook. The cover clearly identifies the theme. Most of the information relates to the theme of the scrapbook. Only a portion of the information relates to the theme of the scrapbook Confusing and inconsistent. LANGUAGE Spelling, punctuation, and grammar are used with a high degree of accuracy. Spelling, punctuation, and grammar are used accurately. Spelling, punctuation, and grammar are used but there are some mistakes. A significant number of errors are made in spelling, punctuation and grammar. OVERALL EFFECTIVENESS Requirements of the assignment have been exceeded. The scrapbook is very creative and interesting. All the requirement have been fulfilled. The scrapbook is neat and presentable. Only some of the areas of the scrapbook lack neatness. Few of the assignment requirements have been met. The presentation as a whole lacks neatness. Total Points:_______________
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 130 WHAT TO PERFORM? “All the world's a stage, and all the men and women merely players: they have their exits and their entrances; and one man in his time plays many parts, his acts being seven ages.” - William Shakespeare, “As You Like It” It is your time to showcase your talent just as many had done in the Romantic Period. Remember the importance of applying the creative process in every project you will present to your audience. Group Activity: THE STAGE IS YOURS! The class will be grouped into 4. Each group should create a plot/story about either of the following themes: A. Love for country B. Love of parents for their children. C. Love story of a young boy and a lady. D. Social relevant issues ( i.e poverty, OFW and natural calamity) Procedure for the final output: 1. Submit a copy of your story line together with the list of recorded songs that you are planning to use. You are only going to adapt original Pilipino songs without changing the lyrics. 2. Decide among yourselves what task to take on; singer, dancer, costume maker, choreographer and technical staff. Display cooperation and active involvement in the group activity. 3. Evaluate the success of the different aspects of the performance by completing the chart below. qyldtw
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 131 ASPECTS OF THE PERFORMANCE STRONG /COMMENDABLE ASPECT AREA THE PERFORMANCE NEEDS TO IMPROVE ON Singers Dancers Choice of Music Choreography Overall Performance Rubrics for Vocal Performance 10  Proficient: Virtually no errors. Pitch is very accurate. Tone is consistently focused, clear, and pleasing all throughout. Shows excellent voice quality, expressive and with rhythmic accuracy 9  Approaching Proficiency: Occasional error but most of the time pitch is accurate and secure. Tone is focused, clear, and pleasing through the normal singing range. 8  Developing: Some accurate pitches, but there are frequent and or repeated errors. Tone is often focused, and clear, but sometimes the tone is uncontrollable 7  Basic: Very few accurate or secure pitches. The tone is often not focused, clear or pleasant regardless of the range. Sometimes mumbles, shouts, and sing inappropriately. Rubrics for Dance/Choreography 10  Proficient: Demonstrate excellent knowledge of the choreography and do it well. 9  Approaching Proficiency: Demonstrate good knowledge of choreography. Few errors however it does not interfere with performance. 8  Developing: Demonstrates knowledge of choreography with some errors. 7  Basic: Demonstrates some knowledge of choreography but unsure of some movements and look lost and out of sync with others.
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 132 Rubrics for Group Performance 10  Proficient: Focused, clear tone all throughout with accurate rhythm and secure pitch, consistent and sensitive phrasing and obvious dynamics, with creative nuances in response to the style and music score; props used and movements are consistent with the theme and are helpful in conveying the message. 9  Approaching Proficiency: Focused and clear tone in normal range, accurate rhythm and secure pitch with isolated errors, accurate dynamics, with some nuances in style as suggested by the teacher; props used and some movements inconsistent with the theme of the composition. 8  Developing: Focused tone but inconsistent in extreme range, some repeated errors in rhythm and pitch, consistent phrasing, dynamics, some nuances in style as suggested by the teacher; props used and movements inconsistent with the theme of the composition. 7  Basic: Unfocused tone, erratic rhythm, unstable pitch, inconsistent phrasing, dynamics and shows minimal awareness to style and context; props used and movements irrelevant to the theme of the composition. TOTAL POINTS:__________ REFLECTION: 1. How did the actor use their volume, tempo, vocal quality and articulation? 2. Were the emotions true to the character? 3. How did the actor project orally and visually to the audience? 4. Were the costumes and make-up true to the setting and characters? 5. What was your overall opinion of the musical play? 6. Enumerate problems you encountered while in the process of creating your storyline, the choice of songs, costumes and props and the stage. SUMMARY:
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 133 Heralded by the French Revolution, the Romantic Period was one of subjectivity. The music is intensely emotional, deriving its strength from massive forces and vivid orchestration. It was also in this period, hat the virtuoso emerged and performed in numerous concerts. The Romantic Era brought further changes in the world of vocal music. The art song (lied) became a special category of vocal music. Composers made great strides during this time to closely associate the text or words of a piece with its musical counterpart. The real achievements of the Romantics in theatre were in opera. One of the striking characteristics of the late 18th and early 19th centuries is the development of the idea of romantic love linked to marriage. Romantic operatic voice is trained to be full and rich, powerful enough to fill an opera house in the days before electronic amplification. GLOSSARY: Aria - solo singing part in an Opera Bel canto - beautiful singing Chromaticism - The use of notes foreign to the mode or diatonic scale upon which composition is based Coloratura - type of operatic soprano who specializes in music that is distinguished by agile runs and leaps Leitmotifs - musical sequences standing for a particular character/plot element. Libretto - book or story of the opera Lieder - German word for songs Mezzo-soprano - Female vocal range between soprano and alto; have a tone that is darker than sopranos but lighter than altos Overtures - An instrumental composition intended especially as an introduction to an extended work, such as an opera Postlude - a closing piece of music
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 134 Preludes – a short piece generally played as an introduction to another larger musical piece Prologues - An introduction or preface REFERENCES: Readings: Wright, Craig (2010) Listening to Music 5th Edition Kamien, Roger (2008) Music An Appreciation 9th Edition Yudkin, Jeremy ( 2012) Understanding Music 7th Edition Machlis, Joseph and Forney, Kristine (2011) The Enjoyment of Music 9th Edition Recordings: La donna e mobile. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCFREk6Y8TmM Libiamo, ne „lieti.http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOhQ1Wdiik Nessun Dorma. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdTBm14o0Z8 Gretchen am Spinnrade.http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSneYMIdY-k Vissi d‟arte.http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=-OIEoUb8jk Un bel vi dremo, Angela Gheorghiu http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPUSqOeApVe Ave Maria.Luciano Pavarotti.http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPvAQxZsgpQ La Boheme-Quando m‟en vo.http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVQNVoc2_Og Mutya ng Pasig.Conching Rosal. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=wF6-i- ROnXU Erlkönig, Joseph Mikolaj http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9fHa6caCMc
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    MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE9 Unit 4 V o c a l M u s i c o f t h e R o m a n t i c P e r i o d Page 135 La‟mour http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=8w9yJdkeryI Miss Saigon- I‟d Give My Life for You http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjUBxDUFZco