Maria montessori (1870 1952)

Maria montessori (1870 1952)

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  MARIA MONTESSORI (1870-1952)  Maria Montessori’s name is famous all over the world as an originator of a new system of pre primary education for young children.(Montessori method)  She believed that children should be free to find out things for themselves and to develop through individual activity.
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  The Montessori method  It is a child centered alternative educational system developed by Maria Montessori.  The Montessori method is based on the fact that children learn directly from their environment & relatively little from listening to a teacher talking to a class.  The Montessori method provide a stimulating child oriented environment in which children can explore, touch and learn without fear.
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  Characteristics of Montessorimethod  Montessori method is self activated.  It is based on profound respect for the child’s personality as an individual.  It is based on the child imperious need to learn by doing.  The learning environment is positive ,non threatening and noncompetitive  Children learn through activities that involve exploration,manipulation,order,repetition, abstraction and communication
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   The roleof teacher is that of guide,observer,coach,facilitator & overall manager  Montessori system teaches of individuals instead of to groups.  It utilize autodidactic (self correcting) equipment for introduction and learning of various concepts.
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  Educational Principles ofMontessori  The philosophy of Montessori method emphasizes the individual child’s initiative & independence allowing him or her to progress through an orderly series of structured learning activities at his own pace. It is based on the following principles;  Principle of instinctive learning  Principle of development from within  Principle of independence & freedom
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   Principle ofintrinsic rewarding & non punishing.  Principle of individual development  Principle of auto education  Principle of sense training  Principle of motor training
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  The children’s houses  Montessori designed a structural environment in which children could choose freely from a number of developmentally appropriate activities. This structured environment designed for children is called children’s house.
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  Montessori's contributions ofeducation  She developed a unique system of early childhood education named Montessori system which has been used effectively with mentally retarded, physically handicapped , normal and gifted children.  children’s house that initiates & facilitates auto education .  Montessori developed a series of standardized sensorial materials called didactic apparatus.
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   She discoveredthat children have basic needs and natural tendencies & when these are met the children progress rapidly.  She observed that young children learn best through the use of their senses .They need to touch,feel,move, see,hear,smell & taste. This discovery opened the new era of sensory learning in the field of pre primary school education.  She replaced the word ‘teacher’ as the word ‘directress’ as she thinks that the function of the teacher is to direct & not to teach
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  MERITS  Thissystem is very useful for children between 3-6 yrs age.  This system appears to be very psychological, as the interest & abilities of children are duly taken care of in organizing play activities for them.  Through this system opportunity for development of personality in an unrestricted manner  Through this system children pick up practical knowledge useful in one’s personal & social life
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   Through thismethod physical ,mental and social developments are accelerated simultaneously.  This system is based on the psycological principles.  This system was developed initially for poor, neglected & handicapped children.  This system was develops self discipline in children.  In this system the teacher has to function as a guide.
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  DEMERITS  Thissystem was initially developed for dull & handicapped children,ie,it is not very useful for normal & brilliant children.  The didactic material are quite costly. It is difficult to provide the same in a school situated in localities of poor parents.  This system takes too much time in imparting some knowledge to children.  It is not easy to procure suitable teachers for this system.
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