Global wholesale network services are growing, with some legacy products declining and new products increasing. Transponder prices globally average $600k-$1.2 million annually for C-band and $1.1-$1.7 million for Ku-band. In North America, recently negotiated Ku-band transponder leases average around $1.6 million per year, and up to $3 million in Europe. Mobile backhaul connections are growing at 20% annually, with fiber increasingly used over copper and microwave. Leased circuits in Europe typically cost $6,500-$10,000 per E1 annually, while in the US they are $8,300-$10,000. IPLC prices in Asia are around $