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Measles
Measles, also known as rubeola or hard measles, is a highly contagious viral disease that mostly affects children. It has an incubation period of 10-12 days and is communicable from 4 days before until 5 days after the appearance of a rash. The virus spreads through coughing, sneezing, or contact with infected secretions. Symptoms include a rash that lasts 9-10 days and potential complications involving the lungs, brain, or eyes. Treatment focuses on isolation, supportive care, and antibiotics for secondary infections. Vaccination is recommended with MMR vaccines at 15 months and 11-12 years for prevention.
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Presented by Divine Grace P. Sapon.
Measles, also called rubeola, is a highly contagious viral infection predominantly affecting children.
Incubation period lasts 10-12 days, with single infections providing lifelong immunity.
Measles lasts about 9-10 days; communicable 4 days before to 5 days after rash appearance.
The virus present in blood, eyes, nose, throat; spreads via droplets or contaminated objects.
Identification includes Koplik Spots; stages are pre-eruptive, eruptive, and convalescence.
Possible complications include bronchopneumonia, otitis media, pneumonia, nephritis, encephalitis.
Diagnostic tests include nose and throat swab, urinalysis, and blood examinations.
Treatment may involve antivirals, antibiotics for complications, and supportive therapy.
Isolation, hygiene, eye and ear care, and regular position changes are essential for patient care.
Anti-measles vaccination at 9 months; MMR vaccine at 15 months and again at 11-12 years.
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Measles
- 1. By: Divine GraceP. Sapon
- 2. Also known asrubeola, hard measles, red measles a highly contagious viral disease, which affects mostly children.
- 4. The incubationperiod is 10-12 days ( 20 days the longest; 8 days the shortest) Single attacks conveys life long immunity
- 5. Measles usuallylasts about 9-10 days, measured from the beginning of prodomal symptoms to the fading of the rash. The disease is communicable 4 days before and 5 days after the appearance of rashes. The disease is most communicable during the height of rash
- 6. The virushas been found in patients blood , as well as in the secretions from eyes, nose and throat.
- 7. Direct contactby droplets spread through coughing or sneezing. Indirectly through articles or fomites freshly contaminated with respiratory secretions of infected patients.
- 8.
- 9. 1.Pre-eruptive Stage 2. EruptiveStage 3. Stage of Convalescence
- 10. Bronchopneumonia Otitis media Pneumonia orbronchitis Nephritis Encephalitis Blindness(Seldom)
- 11.
- 12. Anti-viral= Isoprenosine Antibiotics if with complication Supportive therapy (oxygen inhalation, IV fluids)
- 13. Isolation (quiet, well ventilated, subdued light in patient) Skin care.The patient should have a daily cleansing bed bath.The water should comfortably warm. Oral and nasal hygiene is very important aspect in patient with measles.
- 14. Care ofeyes.The patient is sensitive to light, therefore, position the patient where a direct glare of light is avoided. Keep eyes free of secretions. Care of ears. Careful attention should be given to the ears. Daily elimination is important.This can be accomplished by mild laxative or as prescribed by the physician. Patients position should be changed every 3 to 4 hours.
- 15. Anti-measles at theage of NINE months, as single dose. MMR(Measles, Mumps and Rubella)= to be given at the age of 15 months old, and the 2nd dose at 11 to 12 years.