Metals and non metals gaurav

Metals and non metals gaurav

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  Metals and Non-Metals ByGaurav Malhotra Grade 7 Chemistry
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  Content Layout  Locationof Metals & Non Metals in the periodic table  Metals: Facts & Figures  Physical properties of Metals  Chemical Properties of Metals  Use of Metals and Alloys  Non-metals: Facts & Figures  Physical Properties of Non-metals  Reaction of Non-metals with oxygen  Uses of Non-metals  Few exceptions
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  Periodic table
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  Metals: Facts &Figures  Metals lie on the left side of the periodic table.  There are more metals than Non-metals in the Earth. Around 80% of the elements found are Metals.  Common metals found in Earth’s crust are Iron, Aluminium, Copper, Mercury, Platinum and Gold.  Metals found in the Earth’s crust are found mixed with rocks and other impurities called ores. These metals are extracted from their ore through various chemical and physical processes.  Gold, Silver, Platinum are precious metals because they are rarely found and expensive.
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  Physical properties ofMetals  Hard and Strong  Shiny  Good conductors of Heat and Electricity  Sonorous  Ductile(Can be easily drawn into wires)  Malleable(Can be beaten into thin sheets without breaking)  High Melting and Boiling points  High Density  Most are Solid at room temperature except Mercury.  Magnetic
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  Chemical properties ofMetals  Metals react with oxygen to form oxides. Sodium + Oxygen Sodium Oxide Magnesium + Oxygen Magnesium Oxide  Metal oxides are bases and some metal oxides such as Sodium Oxide and Calcium oxide, dissolve in water to form alkalis.  Metal oxides neutralize acids and form salt and water.  Metals form positive ions. Na+, Mg2+, Cu2+.  Metals are also mixed with other elements to enhance some of their properties. These mixtures of metals are called alloys. Eg: Stainless Steal and Brass
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  Uses of Metalsand Alloys  Use of Iron: Iron is used to make swords, horseshoes, utility-hole covers and they combine with carbon to make steel cutlery and car bodies.  Use of Aluminum: Aluminum is used to make aircrafts and power cables only because they have a low density, do not corrode in air, light weight and conduct electricity.  Use of Zinc: Zinc is used to galvinize metals to prevent them from rusting and making batteries.  Use of Copper: Copper is used to make electrical wires, lightning conductors, hot water cylinders and copper-bottomed pans because they are malleable, ductile and very good conductor of heat and electricity.  Brass(70% Copper, 30% Zinc): Brass is used in making of ornaments, musical instruments and door handles and fittings.  Steel and Stainless Steel: widely used in kitchen utensils and decorative items.  Silver & Gold: Ornaments & Jewellery
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  Uses of Metals
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  Iron Ore
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  Non-Metals: Facts &Figures  Non-Metals are not in abundance and not as striking in appearance as metals.  Some are color-less and are found in the Earth’s crust, the oceans, the atmosphere and the living things.  Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Oxygen are the 3 most common elements.  Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe and is the lightest of all elements. It is color-less, odor-less and combines with oxygen to form water.  Nitrogen is color-less, odor-less and non-reactive. It forms 77% of the air around us.  Oxygen is the most useful element that helps human beings and living things survive. It is very reactive.
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  Physical properties ofNon-Metals  Dull and weak(Breaks easily)  Low Melting and Boiling points  Low dense  Solid, liquid or gas at room temperature  Bad conductors of heat and electricity  Not Sonorous  Not ductile and malleable  Not magnetic
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  Reaction of Non-metalswith Oxygen  A non-metal reacts with oxygen to form an oxide. Sulphur + Oxygen Sulphur dioxide  Most oxides of non-metals are soluble. When they dissolve in water they form acids. Sulphur dioxide + Water Sulphurous acid
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  Use of Non-Metals Non-MetalUses Carbon Diamond – Jewelry, saws, drills, scalpel Graphite – Pencil leads, lubricants Oxygen 1. Life support systems 2. For welding and cutting metals Hydrogen 1. Making products from oil 2. Chemistry of carbon and hydrogen is called organic chemistry and is a very big part of our life. All the petroleum, coal, plastics, proteins, medical drugs and carbohydrates are combination of organic(carbon and hydrogen). Sulphur 1. Medicines 2. Sulphuric acid 3. Dyes and Pesticides 4. Cosmetics, shampoos and body lotions. N,P,K, NH3(Ammonia) 1. Fertilizers(most wide usage of all 3 elements) Chlorine 1. Purifying Water 13
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  Non metals Non-Metals inRaw form
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  Few exceptions  Theonly metal that is liquid at room temperature is Mercury. Mercury is very useful and is used in thermometer.  The only non-metal liquid at room temperature is Bromine.  Carbon has a high melting point, but is a non-metal. Carbon is the most widely used element in earth.  Carbon(Graphite), even though it is a non-metal it conducts electricity. Graphte electrodes are made that are used in welding.  Iodine has a shiny surface and looks metallic, but is a non-metal. Iodine is used in Salts (Iodised Salt),
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  Bibliography  Science Checkpoint2  SIS Notebook  https://www.tutorialspoint.com/chemistry_part1/images/non_metal.jpg  https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved =2ahUKEwju- unywIXbAhUDpI8KHcuhCdMQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsiteproxy.ruqli.workers.dev%3A443%2Fhttps%2Frampages.us% 2Fjoshuahackney%2F2015%2F11%2F21%2Fwhat-are-fossil- fuels%2F&psig=AOvVaw1ddhOrwzDzxjAA_nJWcYR4&ust=1526397749312224  https://encrypted- tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQGkCe5a9S36b28w6- PwRlPAG85BRpVz997WUq4MuBICPbJk-jR  https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved =2ahUKEwjzqfTqwYXbAhXCxLwKHRCXAlAQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2F www.angelo.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fkboudrea%2Fperiodic%2Fphysical_metals.htm& psig=AOvVaw1P2AuwM3wFrnNGwriC86T3&ust=1526397992515701
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  Thank you!!! !!! !!! !!! Gaurav Malhotra Grade7 Chemistry