Microsoft's mission is to empower individuals and businesses globally, providing computer software, consumer electronics, and digital distribution services since its founding in 1975. The company has a diverse product portfolio, including operating systems like Windows, the Office suite, gaming consoles, and smartphones, and faced various competitive challenges in the market, particularly against Apple and Google. Despite early success, Microsoft's recent ventures like Windows Phone and Zune have struggled to gain traction against competitors, leading to insights on the company's evolution and future strategies in rapidly changing tech landscapes.