The Maternity Benefit Act of 1961 aims to safeguard the dignity of motherhood by providing maternity benefits and job security for women before and after childbirth. The act applies to establishments with ten or more employees, ensuring pregnant women are not employed in arduous work during their pregnancy and are eligible for maternity benefits if they have served for at least 160 days in the preceding year. Employers are required to provide maternity benefits for a maximum of 12 weeks, including the potential for benefits to be provided in the event of the woman's or child's death during this period.