Mine legislation safety&hazardous

 NAME: JIGNESH SUKHLAL RUPERI
 ENRL NO. 120150122093
 TOPIC: ENVIRONMENT ACT 1986
MINING 7TH SEMESTER

Hence our endeavor to bring down
the
hazards by all available means to
an
acceptable level must continue

 The job involves the extraction of precious
stones and minerals deep within the earth.
 In addition, miners use heavy machinery and
other specialized equipment and tools that
can be risky to operate.
 Mining is considered as toughest job next to
Army in USA.!!

 The Mining Industry in India is a major economic
activity which contributes to the major economy of
India.
 Since Mining in India is not fully mechanized, mine
hazards prevail more commonly.
 Hence Indian Government established an organized
body called DGMS in Dhanbad, Jharkhand

 Inspection of Mines
 Investigation into-
- accidents
- dangerous occurrence
- emergency response
 Approval of mine safety equipment, material & appliances
 Certification of Explosives to be used in mines.
 Promotes Safety Education and Awareness Programmes.

0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
No.of fatal accidents
No. of persons killed
Source: Annual Report 2011 of DGMS

 Cave-ins, Ground and Rock Fall.
 Side fall and collapse of Pillars.
 Gas Explosions.
 Chemical Leaks.
 Electrocution.
 Fires.
 Ground Movements.
 Haulages and Machinery
 Miscellaneous.

 A cave-in occurs when a geologic formation, mine or
structure collapses, usually during mining or
tunneling.
 This underground mining accident occurs when
proper safety measures have not been done on the
walls and ceiling of the mineshaft.
 Generally roof supporting is done by various
techniques like roof bolting, timber and steel
supports.

 Geo mechanical properties of overlying rocks are studied
and scientifically designed support systems on the basis of
ROCK-MASS-RATING (RMR) are applied.
 Strata control cells have been established in all coal
subsidiaries.
 Introduction of Mechanized Drilling by roof bolting
machines.
 Emphasis on development of indicators for detecting
impending load on roof.

0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Distribution of Fatal Roof Fall Accidents by Company:
CIL SCCL TISCO
Source: Annual Report 2011 of DGMS

 Failure to make and keep the sides secure by
providing benches of safe height and adequate width
or by sloping
 Creating dangerous overhang by undercutting
 Not taking adequate safety measures in geologically
disturbed ground
 Collapse of partings or pillars during extraction of
developed coal seams
 Inadequate inspection of the sides

 Side of working should be kept secure.
 Support should be set as per systematic support
rules.
 Fencing should be provided in unauthorized area.
 Stress on face mechanization to reduce exposure
of workmen in active working zone.

 Shivrajpur Manganese Mine, Gujrat on
06.12.1910. No. of Persons Killed – 12.
 Bhatti Bajri Mines, on 10th January 1983.
 Bajri / Badarpur Sand Mine on 16th , 24th
January 1983.

 Gas Explosion is a common accident in coal
mines caused by the build up of methane gas
(CH4).
 Methane gas and Dust Explosions can also be
triggered by frictional heat and sparks produced
by mining equipment.
 The presence of inflammable gases in
underground mine causes fatal damage.

 To prevent pockets of gas from forming, the work
area must be properly Ventilated at all times.
 Make sure the equipment used in coal mines does
not have defects that can create sparks and set off
explosion.
 Maintain reasonable working conditions with respect
to temperature, humidity and amount of airborne
dust.

Fires in Mining happen due to different factors
like –
 Gas Leaks
 Electrical defects
 Flammable chemical spills.
 Blasting
 Lighting of fire near exposure of Coal

 No petrol power equipment must be permitted.
 Hard held extinguishers should be provided in
various places in mines.
 All underground equipment containing more than
100 liters of flammable hydraulic fluid must be fitted
with an automatic suppression system with suitable
manual activation.
 Storage of flammable substances must be minimized.

 Fire sprinkler system.
 Water spray Deluge system.
 Water mist system
 Foam system.
 Vehicle Fire suppression.
 Breathing apparatus.
 Gas detection system.

 Lady Rangi Mica Mine 19 killed on 12.04.1932
 Loyabad Colliery 35 killed on
30.01.1936
 Jagannath OCP 10 killed on
24.06.1981
 New Kenda 55 killed on
25.01.1994

 Sources of surface water like-
◦ Rivers and Nallahs.
◦ Tanks and Reservoirs.
◦ Accumulated water in old open cast workings or in
low lying areas.

 Water from these sources can enter into
Underground Mines through-
1. Shafts and Inclines.
2. Bore holes and geological disturbances like
faults.
3. Broken grounds over caved groves
4. Openings and breaches created by collapse
of overlying strata.

 No working should be done vertically below any
river, lake or other reservoir.
 Shaft sites should be located away from faults
and other geological disturbances.
 In case of presence of highly water bearing strata
in the vicinity of the proposed working mining
should be so planned as not to disturb the water
bearing strata.

0
5
10
15
20
25
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
TREND IN FATAL ACCIDENTS DUE TO DIFFERENT CAUSES IN
NON-COAL MINES
Roof fall Transportation machinery Explosive Electricity

Air-Borne Hazard
•Several types of particulates.
•Naturally occurring Gases.
•Engine exhaust.
•Some chemical vapours.
Physical Hazard
•Noise.
•Segmental vibration
•Heat and changes in Barometric pressure
•Ionizing radiation.
Unregulated mining has the potential to release harmful substances
into the soil, air and water

• Acid Mine Drainage
(AMD)
• Heavy Metal
Contamination
• Processing chemical
pollution
• Erosion and
Sedimentation

 Physical accidents: Traumatic injury remains a significant problem and
ranges from the trivial to the fatal .
 Chemical Hazards: Crystalline Silica is a serious hazard in mining, which
leads to Silico-Tuberculosis, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,
Lung Cancer, Skin splashes with cyanide solutions are hazardous
 Biological Hazards: The risk of tropical diseases such as malaria and
dengue fever is substantial at some remote mining locations.
Leptospirosis and Ankyloatomiasis.
 Other Psychosocial hazards, Ergonomic hazards.

 Explosives - Poorly designed shots can result
in misfires, early ignition and flying rocks.
 Transporting - Vehicle movements
particularly while reversing and Brake failure.
 Face Stability - Rock fall or slide due to geo-
mechanical properties of rock present at
active working face.

 Electrical Hazards - Electric shock and/or burn,
Ignition of firedamp or coal dust, Fire arising
from electric defects.
 Rope Haulage - Runaway of tubs due to breakage
of rope, failure of attachment to rope, failure of
couplings and drawbars, Rope should be selected
properly and maintained with care.

 Permanent lighting should be provided in places
where equipment can be hazardous.
 Cables should be provided with double wire
armoring.
 Inspect earthing point regularly.
 Storage of flammable substances must be minimized.
 Haulage curves should be properly designed and
constructed and Bad patches in the track should be
corrected.

 Regular examination of face must be done and
remedial measures must be taken to make it safe if
there is any doubt that a collapse could take place.
 Vocational training should be given to mine workers
to prepare them to face the challenges of mining.
 Emergency Response system and emergency action
plans are to be designed for mine.

 Safety is the major concern in mining
industry.
 The hazardous risk of any industry should be
low to attain profits.
 In future, the Mining industry may be fully
modernized by advanced technology like
Automation and Remote operations.

Mine legislation safety&hazardous

Mine legislation safety&hazardous

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