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![Dolomite Mining in Cebu
Dolomite 2
It type of limestone, the carbonate fraction
of which is dominated by the mineral
dolomite, calcium magnesium carbonate
[CaMg(CO3)2].](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3-minerals-201120164602/75/Minerals-Common-Rock-forming-Minerals-and-their-Physical-and-Chemical-Properties-2-2048.jpg)
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Minerals / Common Rock-forming Minerals and their Physical and Chemical Properties
The document discusses minerals, focusing on their identification, properties, and significance in geology. It explains the criteria for classifying substances as minerals, highlights common rock-forming minerals, and outlines the physical and chemical properties used to analyze them. Additionally, it includes educational activities for identifying minerals and their properties using technology.
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Introduction to minerals and their importance, with dolomite as a type of limestone.
Discussion of common rock-forming minerals, their classification, and primary occurrences in different rock types.
Detailed examination of physical properties of minerals, including color, hardness, streak, cleavage, and luster.
Engagement in practical activities for identifying minerals and exploring their properties in real-world contexts.
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Minerals / Common Rock-forming Minerals and their Physical and Chemical Properties
- 1. MINERALS Identify common rock-formingminerals using their physical and chemical properties.
- 2. Dolomite Mining inCebu Dolomite 2 It type of limestone, the carbonate fraction of which is dominated by the mineral dolomite, calcium magnesium carbonate [CaMg(CO3)2].
- 3.
- 4. 4 MINERALS They make upEarth’s solid part and provide us valuable resources. Scientists have identified over 4,000 different minerals. A small group of these minerals make up almost 90% of the rocks of Earth’s crust which are known as the common rock-forming minerals.
- 5.
- 6. That Mineral Looks Familiar?! halite (salt) for cooking graphite (pencil) for writing gold and quartz as jewelry snowflakes is also a mineral! It possess the properties as a mineral. But, what’s the requirement to become a mineral? Let’s learn more.. 6 There are a lot of common minerals that you’ll probably encounter everyday. Here are some of them. Can you identify them?
- 7. ✓ Naturally occurring ✓Inorganic ✓ Solid ✓ Definite chemical composition ✓ Ordered crystal structure 5 Requirements that must be met in order for a substance to be classified as a mineral It is NOT a by-product of living things. It is a NOT liquid or gas at standard temperature and pressure. It means that all occurrences of that mineral have a chemical composition identical within a specific limited range. Atoms in a mineral are arranged in a systematic and repeating pattern 7MINERALS It is NOT man-made or machine generated.
- 8. To be considereda common rock-forming mineral, a mineral must be: 8Common Rock-forming Minerals ✓one of the most abundant minerals in Earth’s crust ✓one of the original minerals present at the time of a crustal rock’s formation ✓an important mineral in determining classification of a rock
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- 10. 10Rock-Forming Minerals in MajorRock Types: Basalt and gabbro account for most of the rock in the oceanic crust, granite (rhyolite) and andesite (diorite) represent abundant rock types of the continental crust. Sandstone, shale and carbonates represent the common materials in the sedimentary cover of continents and ocean basins. This chart shows the relative abundance of the common rock forming minerals in some of Earth's most abundant rock types.
- 11. 11 Mineral Primary Occurrence Ferromagnesiansilicates Olivine igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks Pyroxene group Augite most common igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks Amphibole group Hombiende most common igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks Biotite All rock types Nonferromagnesian silicates Quartz All rock types Potassium feldspar group Orthociase, microcine All rock types Plagiociase feldspar group All rock types Muscovite All rock types Clay mineral group Soils, sedimentary rocks, some metamorphic rocks Carbonates Calcite Sedimentary rocks Dolomite Sedimentary rocks Sulfates Anhydrite Sedimentary rocks Gypsum Sedimentary rocks Halides Halite Sedimentary rocks Important Rock- forming Minerals
- 12. 12 MINERALOGY The study ofminerals and their properties (chemical and physical). is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, as well as their utilization.
- 13. 13 MINERALOGIST ▪ is ascientist trained in mineralogy or a person who studies minerals. Mineralogists determine the physical and chemical properties of minerals, how to efficiently retrieve them from ores and how to process them.
- 14.
- 15. 15PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ofMINERALS ❑ Color ❑ Crystal Form/Habit ❑ Hardness ❑ Streak ❑ Luster ❑ Cleavage or Fracture ❑ Specific Gravity ❑ Other properties (taste, odor..) ▪ are the characteristics which can be observed and determined easily
- 16. 16 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ofMINERALS COLOR ▪ It is the most obvious property but not always definitive. ▪ It can also tell the impurities present in a mineral. Example, the same mineral can be in different colors because of different impurities. ▪ It is reliable for opaque and metallic minerals but not on transparent or translucent minerals.
- 17. 17 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ofMINERALS CRYSTAL FORM or HABIT ▪ It is the morphology of the crystal growth.
- 18. 18 HARDNESS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ofMINERALS ▪it is a measure of the resistance of a mineral (not specifically surface) to abrasion. ▪ It is measured using a hardness scale designed in 1892 by Friedrich Mohs, a German geologist/ mineralogist which is known as the Mohs Scale of Hardness
- 19. 19 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ofMINERALS HARDNESS Mohs Scale of Hardness It measures the scratch resistance of various minerals from a scale of 1 to 10, based on the ability of a harder material/mineral to scratch a softer one.
- 20. Streak Test 20 PHYSICAL PROPERTIESof MINERALS STREAK ▪ It refers to the color displayed in finely powdered form left behind when rubbed on a rough surface. ▪ It is definitive.
- 21. 21 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ofMINERALS CLEAVAGE or FRACTURE ▪CLEAVAGE is how smoothly the minerals break. If the minerals break apart in similar pieces, it is said to have good cleavage. ▪FRACTURE is when a mineral breaks like a piece of glass with uneven, jagged edges,
- 22. 22 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ofMINERALS CLEAVAGE or FRACTURE
- 23. Galena Shale 23 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ofMINERALS LUSTER ▪ it is the quality and intensity of reflected light exhibited by the mineral. A. Metallic Luster – generally opaque and exhibit a resplendent shine similar to a polished metal B. Non-metallic Luster – vitreous (glassy), adamantine (brilliant/diamond-like), resinous, silky, pearly, dull (earthy), greasy, among others.
- 24. For example, abucket of silver (SG 10) would weigh ten times more than a bucket of water. 24 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of MINERALS SPECIFIC GRAVITY ▪ It is the ratio of the density of the mineral and the density of water ▪ This parameter indicates how many times more the mineral weighs compared to an equal amount of water (SG 1).
- 25. 25 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ofMINERALS Other Properties ❑ MAGNETISM (ex: magnetite is strongly magnetic) ❑ ODOR (ex: sulfur has distinctive smell) ❑ TASTE (ex: halite is salty) ❑ REACTION TO ACID (ex: calcite fizzes with acid as with dolomite but in powdered form)
- 26. Techie Mineralogist 26 ▪ Getyour activity sheets and perform activities Part 1 -3. Take Note: A mineralogist is a person who studies the formation, occurrence, properties, composition, and classification of minerals
- 27. 27 Techie Mineralogist On thisactivity, you’ll help this mineralogist identify the physical and chemical properties of the minerals that he found. To help him, you’ll use a techie way of identifying minerals – through your mobile phone.
- 28. PART 1: IdentifyingPhysical Properties 28Techie Mineralogist Directions: ❑ Download and install the “Smart Geology” application in your mobile phone. ❑ Use the “Detect Hand-specimen” button to identify the name of the following rock-forming minerals using their provided physical properties (written in your activity sheets). The pictures provided in your activity sheet can also help you identify the minerals.
- 29. 29 PART 2: IdentifyingChemical Properties Techie Mineralogist ❑ Your main task to fill in the blanks with the required information that you can obtain using your Smart Geology application. ❑ Go to “List of Minerals” button and type in the name of the minerals below to identify their chemical formula. Write it down below each listed mineral. Examples are given like Gold is Au and Quartz is SiO2. ❑ Once you identify the chemical formula of each mineral, analyze what is common between the minerals on the same column. Write your answer on the space provided.
- 30. 30 PART 2: IdentifyingChemical Properties Techie Mineralogist What is common between the minerals on the same column? Write your answer on the space provided.
- 31. 31 Before you proceedto the next lesson and activities, make sure you are done with Activity Part 1 and 2.
- 32. 32 Are you sureyou are done? Okay. So, let’s proceed …
- 33. In Activity Part2 : Identifying Chemical Properties, you have answered the table below. Column No. Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5 Column 6 Column 7 Name of Mineral and its Chemical Formula Gold Au Quartz SiO2 Hematite Fe2O3 Gypsum CaSO4,2H2O Pyrite FeS2 Calcite CaCO3 Chlorite ClO2- Bismuth __________ Olivine __________ Magnetite __________ Barite __________ Galena __________ Dolomite __________ Fluorite __________ Diamond __________ Talc __________ Chromite __________ Anhydrite __________ Bornite __________ Malachite __________ Halite __________ Chemical Composition Element Element + __________ Element + __________ Element + __________ Element + __________ Element + __________ Element + __________ Now, let us check if your analysis on the given data are correct. 33
- 34. Element Element + SiO4 Element +O2 Element + SO4 Element + S2 Element + CO3 Element + Halogens Native Silicate Oxide Sulfate Sulfide Carbonate Halide Gold Quartz Hematite Gypsum Pyrite Calcite Chlorine Bismuth Olivine Magnetite Barite Galena Dolomite Fluorine Diamond Talc Chromite Anhydrite Bornite Malachite Halite 34CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of MINERALS The most stable and least ambiguous basis for classification of minerals is based on their chemical compositions.
- 35. 35Techie Mineralogist PART 3:ALL ABOUT MINERALS
- 36. 36 PART 4: Mineralsat Home Techie Mineralogist Look for at least 5 materials/appliances in your home that contains minerals and identify their physical and chemical properties. Also include its common uses. You can also check this website for reference: http://www.mineralogy4kids.org/minerals-your-house If time permits, you can also do the activities found here: https://www.mineralsed.ca/site/assets/files/3864/minerals_in _your_home_intermediate_web.pdf To learn more about minerals, you can also perform this activity.
- 37. Tadaaa! That’s all fortoday. Kindly submit your Activity Sheets to your teacher. Have a nice day. GBUA!
- 38. REFERENCES • Bayo-ang, R.,Coronacion, M., Jorda, A., & Restubog, A. (2016). Earth and Life Science for Senior High School. (M. Moncada, Ed.) Quezon City, Philippines: Educational Resources Corporation. • Website: https://geology.com/minerals/rock-forming- minerals/ • Website: https://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-identify- a-Mineral/ • Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/AbbieMahinay/ib- earth-and-earth-systems • Various internet sources • Photos from : Creative Commons, Pixabay.com, Flickr.com 38