Minor disorders during pregnancy during first trimester

Minor disorders during pregnancy during first trimester

• 1.
  Digestive system Nausea andvomiting  Nausea and vomiting upon getting up in the morning are experience  especially primigravidae in the first trimester.  Normally the problem subsides automatically after first trimester. Treatment  Avoid fatty food and fluid in empty stomach.  Take dry toast or biscuit before rising out of bed.  Antiemetic drugs can be given with plenty of glucose drink.
• 2.
  Constipation  due tothe effect of progesterone on the intestine and  diminished physical activity,  gravid uterus reduces the GI motility. Treatment  Regular bowel habits  Take plenty of fluid/fatty food  Mild laxative if required
• 3.
  Heart burn  Itis the effect of progesterone  The stomach is compressed and pushed up by the gravid uterus. Treatment  Avoid taking heavy meals  Eat small, frequent meals  Avoid spicy/fatty food  Take pillow during sleep  Avoid drinking lot of liquids with meals
• 4.
  Bleeding from gums It is due to increase of blood supply to the gums and higher blood level of progesterone.  Soft brushes should be used to prevent bleeding from gums. Flatulence  Increase gas in the bowels, caused by swallowing air in order to relieve nausea.
• 5.
  Pica  It isa craving for certain foods or unnatural substances, such as mud, or pencil, etc. Treatment  Explain the possible harmful effect  Advice the mother to eat a well balance diet
• 6.
  Musculoskeletal system Backache  experiencedin the last trimester by some women.  Relaxation of pelvis joints, faulty posture, shift of center of gravity,  muscles spasm and urinary infection are some of the common causes for backache. Treatment  Advice rest in hard bed  Massaging back  Analgesic  Wearing well fitted pelvic girdle belt during walking
• 7.
  Leg cramps  occurdue to deficiency of serum calcium  elevation of serum phosphorus and pressure of gravid uterus on pelvic nerves. Treatment  Instruct the patient to elevate her leg periodically.  Avoid lying with toes pointed.  Take calcium and vitamin B complex substances.
• 8.
   Take warmbaths at bed time.  Wear elastic stockings.  Regular exercise.
• 9.
  Circulatory system Dizziness andfainting  occur mainly because of fall in B.P as progesterone relaxes the muscles of blood vessels  or gravid uterus puts pressure on the inferior vena cava and diminishes blood return to the heart. Treatment  Advice mother to lie in left lateral position.  Advice long period of standing.
• 10.
  Varicose veins  legs,vulva or rectum  Seen in later pregnancy  Due to effect of progesterone  Gravid uterus also compress the pelvic nerve Treatment  Elevation of legs sitting  Wear elastic crepe bandage  Perform circulatory exercise for toes and ankles
• 11.
  Ankle edema  Occurdue to retention of fluids  Elevation of legs while resting  Not to sit near the edge of the chair
• 12.
  Genitournary system Polyuria anddysuria  Two main causes • Gravid uterus put pressure on the bladder • Urine production increases Treatment  Avoid holding urine  Early treatment of UTI
• 13.
  Leukorrhea  White nonirritant vaginal discharge. Treatment  Cleanliness of the genitals  Medication such as metronidazole or miconazole  Avoids tights synthetic underwear