Misra, D.C.(2009) Emerging E Gov Challenges 2009

EMERGING E-GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES 2009 by Dr D.C.MISRA

Delhi Regional Branch Indian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi Friday, February 20, 2009 (5-30 p.m.)

Emerging E-governance Challenges Today A Presentation by Dr D.C.Misra E-governance Consultant New Delhi Email: dc_misra@hotmail.com Web: http://in.geocities.com/drdcmisra Blog: http://egov-india.blogspot.com Tel: 2245 2431 Tel/Fax: 4244 5183

Emerging E-governance Challenges Today What is proposed to be covered? Introduction Emerging E-governance Challenges E-governance and Mega Trends E-governance and Global Governance E-governance and Efficient Public Service Delivery

What is proposed to be covered? Emerging Challenges in E-governance E-governance and Global and National League Tables E-governance and Emerging New Technologies E-governance and Management Information System (MIS) E-governance, Knowledge Glut and its Poor Utilisation

Emerging E-governance Challenges E-governance and Search Engines E-governance and Semantic Web E-governance and Overloading Government Websites E-governance and Wiki Technology E-governance and Monitoring Investments

Emerging E-governance Challenges 13. E-governance and its Capture by Private IT Companies 14. E-governance and its Legal Enablement 15. E-governance and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Electronic CRM (E-CRM) 16. E-governance and Audit 17. E-governance and Open Source Software and Hardware

Emerging E-governance Challenges 18. E-governance and Cloud Computing 19. E-governance and Green Computing 20. E-governance and Outsourcing 21. E-governance and E-civil Service 22. E-governance and Public Policy Space 23. E-governance and Managerial Challenge 24. E-governance and Tech- savvy Politicos III Conclusion: A Summing Up

I. Introduction What is Computer ?

What is Computer? An electronic, digital device that receives, sends, stores and processes information . But it is something more …….

It is a tool for ……. Increasing efficiency and productivity ( Solow’s Paradox ).

It is a tool for ……. Communication and Exchange of Information ( Global Village-Marshal McLuhan ). (Medium is the Message).

It is a tool for ……. Augmenting intellect ( Vannevar Bush )

It is a tool for ……. Colllective Intelligence ( Pierre L é vy )

It is a tool for ……. Social networking and Social Graph ( Facebook, MySpace, Orkut, LinkedIn, Ryze, etc .)

Current Status There are 1.2 billion computers to-day. Overall global PC penetration: 165 PCs per 1,000 population worldwide (Gartner 2008) Internet users worldwide has crossed one billion mark in December 2008 (ComScore 2009).

E-governance and Governance What is e-governance ? -- Application of information and communication technology (ICT) to governance What then is governance ? -- Functioning of institutions in a democratic framework for Policy-making Regulation Public service delivery, and Development

E-governance Functions of e-governance 1. Policy Making 2. Regulation 3. Public Service Delivery 4. Development

II. Emerging E-governance Challenges-1 I. E-governance and Mega Trends A report - Government 2020 and the Perpetual Collaboration Mandate - has Identified Six Mega Trends which are Reshaping Governments and Societies Worldwide : Changing demographics Accelerating globalization Rising environmental concerns Evolving societal relationships Growing threats to social stability and order Expanding impact of technology

E-governance and Mega Trends None of these mega trends is under the control of governments On the other hand, these mega trends influence governance and e-governance As such, e-governance is required to align with these mega trends rather than the other way This requires understanding the current status of governance and e-governance worldwide

Emerging E-governance Challenges -1 Challenge No.1 Six mega trends have been identified which are reshaping governments and societies around the world. How then to align e-governance to these mega trends?

Emerging E-governance Challenges -2 II. E-governance and Global Governance There is crisis in global governance to-day. The WorldPublicOpinion.org poll of 20 nations around the world finds that none of the national leaders on the world stage inspire wide confidence (WPO 2008). While former US President George W. Bush was one of the least trusted leaders, no other leader--including China's Hu Jintao and Russia's Vladimir Putin--has gained a broad international base of support. Barrack Obama has appeared on the scene but it is too early for him to show impact (First 100 days theory?)

Global Governance and 20th Century Model The 20th Century Model needs make over (Boughton and Bradford 2007) After World War I, League of Nations (1919) set up and it failed. After World War II, United Nations and its spcialised agencies set up and they have mixed record. Global governance is dominated by a few developed countries Grouping of Nations : G-10 (1962), G-5 (1970s), G-7(1980s), G-8(1990s), G-77 (1964), G-24 (1971) The existing model needs to be changed to give due importance to developing countries .

State of E-governance 2009 Current Scenario (February 2009) Mixed Scenario Almost universal acceptance of e-governance Many notable successes Perhaps equally notable failures An unprecedented information explosion Heavy public investments in e-overnance Waste in e-governance, and Very promising e-governance research, notably in semantic web and artificial intelligence (AI)

Loss of Confidence in Government Worldwide At the end of the 20 th century Loss of confidence in government worldwide . -- Visions of Governance for the Twenty-First Century project at Harvard University found that American confidence in U.S. government has sharply declined. -- Americans who said that they trusted the federal government to do the right thing most of the time: 1964- 75%, 1997- 25%

Loss of Confidence in Government Worldwide --Government is not alone. Over past three decades in America, public confidence had dropped by half or more for many institutions: --Universities: 61% to 30%; --Major companies: 55% to 21% --Medicine: 73% to 29% ; --Journalism: 29% to 14% (Nye 1999) --U.S. was not alone (Norris 1999).

E-governance as a Promising Solution In this environment, e-governance appeared on the scene in mid-1990s, and was endorsed worldwide (as a promising solution), resulting in public investment in e-governance

E-governance as a Promising Solution 2 . Investment in E-governance -- Worldwide IT Spend- $3.4 trillion (2008) -- USA- US$ 65 billion -- UK- GBP 14 billion -- South Africa- $ 9 billion (2007) -- India- Rs 4,000 crore Expected by 2009: Rs 10,000 crore (1 crore = 10 million)

Outstanding Achievement of E-governance The first phase of e-government: the i(information)-government , namely, provision of information, has been an incontestable success (Lucas 2008). However, in the second interaction phase and subsequent transaction phase, and transformation phase (OECD) , E-government is encountering serious roadblocks.

Emerging E-governance Challenges - 2 Challenge No. 2 There is crisis in global governance to-day. How then to steer our way as sovereign states in a leaderless world ?

Emerging E-governance Challenges - 3 III. E-governance and Efficient Public Service Delivery  Drivers of E-governance (Politicians, Civil Servants, Technology Vendors, Civil Society Organisations, Citizens)  Real Driver : Need for efficient public service delivery  Public services : Unproductive, dilatory and insensitive to the needs of citizens  New public management (NPM) (application of private sector model to public sector) in 1980s and 1990s also failed  Governance a key concept in international development debate (Hyden et al. 2004)

Efficient Public Service Delivery Challenge No. 3 How to achieve the objective of efficient public service delivery which is not yet being successfully met by e-governance ?

Emerging E-governance Challenges - 4 IV E-governance and Emerging New Technologies  Governments usually trail new technologies  C omputing may become a utility , like electricity, in near future  Mobile telephony in developing economies is spurring demand for m-government Fewer than 7% of legislators have even the most basic understanding of technology in North America (Thronton 1997). eMLA programme abondoned by the author in India.

E-governance and Emerging New Technologies Types of Technology Capturing Technologies Storage Technologies Processing Technologies Communications Technologies Display Technologies Source: Hamelink (1997:3)

Emerging New Technologies Table 1 E-governance and Selected Technological Forecasts (Source: 2005 BT Technology Timeline) 2016-2020 Artificial Intelligence (AI) member of parliament 5 2008-2012 Public storage provided by local government to support social use of IT 4 2013-2017 Retirement age raised to 75 3 2008-2012 All government services electronically delivered 2 2016-2020 Human knowledge exceeded by machine knowledge 1

Emerging New Technologies Challenge No.4 How to make E-governance anticipate emergence of new technologies and respond to them quickly?

Emerging E-governance Challenges - 5 V E-governance and Global and National League Tables The last decade has seen emergence of many global and national league tables. (a) International organizations (for example, ITU 2006, UNCTAD 2005, UNDESA 2005a, 2005b, UNESCO ORBICOM 2005 and World Bank 2006) (b) National organizations (for example, DIT 2003, 2008) (c) Universities (for example, Holzer and Kim 2005, West 2005 and WU 2005) (d) Private companies (for example, Accenture 2005, BAH 2005 and Brainbench 2005) and (e) Private organizations (for example, WEF 2006).

Global and National League Tables Challenge No.5 How can global and national league tables contribute to E-governance policy formulation and implementation ?

Emerging E-governance Challenges - 6 VI E-governance and Management Information System Table 2 Doubling of Stock of Knowledge over Centuries (Source: http://www.lessons4living.com/speed.htm ) 1-2 years ? Units Now 5 150 years 8 Units 1900 A.D. 4 250 years 4 Units 1750 A.D. 3 1500 years 2 Units 1500 A.D. 2 Base Year 1 Unit 1 A.D 1 Doubling of Stock Stock of Knowledge Year S.N.

Management Information System Reasons for Exponential Multiplication of Information -Inconsumable -Intransferable -Indivisible -Accumulative Properties of Information -Concentration -Dispersion -Circulation -Feedback Properties of ICTs I ICT I Information Explosion

Management Information System An unprecedented information explosion has taken place. Almost 800 MB of recorded information is produced per person each year equivalent to about 30 feet of books for storage (SIMS 2003). Print, film, magnetic and optical storage media produced about 5 exabytes of new information in 2002 92% of the new information was stored on magnetic media, mostly in hard disks (ibid.). One expects policy-making in government to have vastly improved. But this has not happened.  Reason: Appropriate management information systems (MISs) have not been put in place.

Management Information System (MIS) Challenge No.6 How to set up dependable management information systems (MISs) in government in the light of information explosion and other developments?

Emerging E-governance Challenges - 7 VII. E-governance and Knowledge Glut and its Poor Utilisation Amid a great information explosion, the share of knowledge that the world puts to good use is falling. Quah (2006) notes: “…there is one commodity in excess supply. It’s knowledge- and in the long run, the overlooked knowledge glut could be more dangerous than the many more obvious shortages.” Invention is costly and getting costlier. Over the 20th century, the average age at which inventors did their best work rose by six years; The average size of innovation teams grew fivefold. R&D workers and dollars now produce an ever-smaller of patents on average. That’s why new drugs cost more than $1 billion to develop (ibid.).

Knowledge Glut and its Poor Utilisation Challenge No. 7 How to resolve the emerging paradox of knowledge glut and plummeting knowledge utilization ?

Emerging E-governance Challenges - 8 VIII E-governance and Overloading Government Websites There has been an explosion of government web pages. The US .gov top-level domain, for example, accounts for 368 million pages, according to Wagner et al. (2006). But even smaller e-government sites, such as .gov.uk (9.28 million pages) or .gov.au (7.2 million pages) exceed the size of major company sites such as IBM (3.93 million for ibm.com), eBay (3.14 million for ebay.com) and dwarf sites of companies such as Ford (55,700 for ford.com) or Barclays Bank (24,200 for barclays.co.uk). Even Slovenia, a country with only 2 million citizens, maintains a vastly larger e-government website of over 380,000 pages. (ibid, p-20) The increasing volume of e-government web pages is no indication that they are meeting the felt needs of the citizens.

Overloading Government Websites Challenge No. 8 How not to keep on overloading government websites with all sorts of information but to anticipate and meet information and/or transaction needs of the citizens quickly and in user-friendly manner?

Emerging E-governance Challenges - 9 IX E-governance and Search Engines  FirstGov.gov, US Federal Government website, went online on September 22, 2000.  Its database has shot up from 8 million to 40 million pages.  To ferret out information from such huge databases, a specialty search engine based on government databases was launched in January 2006.  It is based on “ dynamic clustering ” (clustering of information on the fly) and “ meta search ” (based on searches of other search engines).

E-governance Search Engines On October 17, 2006, FirstGov.gov added new image and news search capabilities. Its search now covers government web, images, news and FirstGov. In near future other features like RSS feeds and blogs/vblogs may also be added. This may become a trend-setter in E-governance for countries in South. Appropriate search capabilities are required to be set up on E-governance websites

E-governance and Search Engines Challenge No. 9 How to set up appropriate search capabilities on E-governance websites to ferret out the required information?

Emerging E-governance Challenges - 10 X E-governance and Semantic Web Semantic web is being promoted by W3 Consortium and Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of World Wide Web. It has now links to 10 billion pages (Shadbolt, Hall and Berners-Lee 2006). It is “not a separate Web but an extension of the current one, in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation” (Berners-Lee, Hendler and Lassila 2001) Governments face the difficulties of “management of too much information, created by too many heterogeneous, distributed sources. Resulting in issues such as inconsistent terminologies, information overload and too little maintenance of outdated knowledge are only too frequent.” (Wagner et al. 2006). One way out is to develop “semantic web” for E-governance.

Semantic Web for E-governance Challenge No. 10 How to make use of semantic web in E-governance websites to improve the quality of the required government information?

Emerging E-governance Challenges - 11 X I E-governance and Wiki Technology  Wiki (from Hawaiian word wiki wiki , meaning fast) is “ a type of website that allows users to easily add, remove, or otherwise edit all content, very quickly and easily, sometimes without the need for registration.” (Source: Wikipedia) This ease of interaction and operation makes a wiki an effective tool for collaborative writing . The term wiki can also refer to the collaborative software itself (wiki engine) that facilitates the operation of such a website.” (ibid.).  First wiki was established by Ward Cunningham more than a decade back on March 25, 1995. About 1,000 public wiki communities existed as of December 6, 2004 (Turnbull, Yim and Niemann 2006). US Federal CIO Council’s Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (SICoP) has a wiki. NASA’s WorldWind, an open source software for viewing satellite imagery, has a wiki. Any one can suggest code modification.

Wiki Technology for E-governance Challenge No. 11 How to make use of wiki technology in E-governance if public sector is constrained by resources as it is?

Emerging E-governance Challenges - 12 XII E-governance and Monitoring Investments  35% of E-governance projects in developing/transitional countries were total failures, 50% were partial failures and 15% were successes (Heeks 2003)  $23.5 million online university project in UK attracted only 900 students  Half of 200 pilot projects for online services in India works for a handful people  Abandoned $22 million e-voting project in Uganda did not work in Uganda when elections held in 2001 (Schware 2004)  $17 million shared medical systems (SMS) abandoned in mid-2000s in New Zealand and INCIS development in the New Zealand Police force at a direct cost of $100 million abandoned in 1999 (Gauld and Goldfinch 2006)

Monitoring E-governance Investments Challenge No. 12 How to monitor investments in E-governance as serious problems of unproductive investments in E-governance have started surfacing?

Emerging E-governance Challenges - 13 E-governance and its Capture by Private IT Companies Private sector technology vendors have started playing increasing role in e-governance This raises important issues of cost and vendor lock-in , and More important issues of security and privacy in private hands. Popularly called public-private partnership (PPP), it has been resorted to due to three reasons: (i) Absence of in-house expertise in government, (ii) Large size of projects, and (iii) Effective lobbying by private sector vendors for public-private partnership (PPP).

Capture of Governments by Private IT Companies Challenge No. 13 How to prevent capture of governments by private information technology (IT) companies and encourage competition so that it benefits all- the IT industry, governments and citizens?

Emerging E-governance Challenges-14 XIV E-governance and its Legal Enablement Cyberspace is not unfettered space, it is a highly regulated space constraining the conduct of surfers (i) Law : The terrestrial laws regulating the cyberspace, (ii) Code : The software and hardware code which asks us to follow a pre-determined path; Lessig (1999) calls the first code as East Coast Code , being dictated by the U.S. Congress in Washington, D.C., and the second as West Coast Code , being dictated by the Silicon Valley, (iii) Norms : Self-imposed regulation of the conduct by the community, (iv) Markets : Which are places of exchange of information. Despite this mapping of cyberspace, there are many areas in e-governance which require legal enablement .

Legal Enablement of E-governance Challenge No. 14 How to legally enable government-to-government (G2G) and government-to-citizen (G2C) e-governments despite problematic terrain of cyber law ?

Emerging E-governance Challenges - 15 XV E-governance and CRM and E-CRM  A dissatisfied customer is the norm and not an exception in public services. Public grievance commissions (PGCs) set up in India provide delayed redressal of the grievances. By October 2006, 113 citizens' charters , originally introduced in United Kingdom in 1991, stood formulated by central ministries /departments/ organisations in India (DARPG 2006). Citizen’s charters appear to have been overtaken by recently legislated Right to Information (RTI) Act 2005 in India

CRM and E-CRM in E-governance Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have complicated and have not made any significant contribution to the solution of the largely intractable problem of efficient public service delivery. The problems of privacy/security are yet to be resolved to the satisfaction of citizens and non-citizens. Harris (2001)’s remark that there are snakes in the virtual garden is still true. The interactive voice response system (IVRS) is not only time-consuming but often exhausts citizen’s patience Telephone, and not the internet , is still the best friend of a citizen as far as public services are concerned even in developed countries (Newcombe 2005). Proper customer relationship management (CRM) and/or electronic customer relationship management (eCRM) programmes are urgently required to secure the loyalty of citizens and non-citizens to E-governance.

CRM and E-CRM in E-governance Challenge No. 15 How to put proper customer relationship management (CRM) and/or electronic customer relationship management (eCRM) programmes in place in E-governance in developing/ transitional economies?

Emerging E-governance Challenges - 16 XVI E-governance and Audit Democratic governments world over have a provision of audit of public expenditure . Such audit, which is ex post facto, is of two types- (i) performance audit , and (ii) financial audit . Audit requirements have to be incorporated in e-governance projects. Lessons must be learnt from audit reports Risk factors should be taken into account while formulating e-governance projects

Meeting Audit Requirements in E-governance Challenge No. 16 How to incorporate audit requirements , which are currently over-looked , in the e-governance management and learn lessons from audit reports ?

Revisiting Emerging E-governance Challenges - 17 XVII E-governance and Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) and Hardware The Cathedral and the Bazaar (Eric S. Raymond 2001) Free (as in Freedom, not in Free Beer) (Richard Stallman 2002) GNU/Linux / GNU General Public License (GPL)/ Copyleft (Free, modified work also free) Creative Commons (CC) (different types) (All rights reserved to Some rights reserved) Open Source Hardware

E-governance and Open Source Advantages Reuse (infrastructure from existing open source projects) Auditability (Ensures functionality of what software promises to do) Innovation (Ideas from different contributors) Fewer bugs (More people discover bugs and fix them) Security (Due to open code no backdoors or vulnerabilities) (Source: www.opensourceconnections.com )

E-governance and Open Source Challenge No. 17 How to promote use of free and open source software (FOSS) and hardware in e-governance so that better software / hardware could be had and at lesser cost ?

Emerging E-governance Challenges - 18 XVIII. E-governance and Cloud Computing Types of Computing Grid Computing Utility Computing Autonomic Computing Volunteer Computing Cloud Computing (Source: Wikipedia)

E-governance and Cloud Computing Very attractive proposition for governments with small and fixed budgets (Open Cloud?) Data stored on third party servers Risk to personal and official data Issues of liability if some thing goes wrong (Economist 2008) Ideally suited to the field of development

E-governance and Cloud Computing Challenge No. 18 How to make use of cloud computing without compromising security of personal and official data ?

Emerging E-governance Challenges - 19 IXX Promoting Green Computing Greenhouse gases : About 30, main ones being: CO 2, CH 4, CFCs and N 2 O, produced due to human activity. Greenhouse gases are transparent to sunlight but absorb radiation thus causing global warming and climate change Carbon footprint : Greenhouse gases expressed as equivalent to CO 2 (kgs or tones) Earth’s temperature rose by 0.75 0 C during last 100 years. It is estimated to rise by 6 0 C during next 100 years.

Promoting Green Computing ICTs were believed to be “clean” but this belief has proved wrong. Gartner estimates that global ICT usage accounts for approximately 2% of all global carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. This is equivalent to all CO 2 emissions caused by aviation. CO 2 emissions result from the use of PCs, servers, cooling, fixed and mobile telephony, networks, office telecommunications and printers .

Promoting Green Computing The environment is also impacted by chemicals and waste from the disposal of equipment, polluting the soil with cadmium and mercury. A server often only utilizes between 5 and 15 % of its capacity to service one application. Switching computers off at night and on weekends, energy consumption can be reduced up to 75%. If monitors are also switched off when not being used (including lunch times, etc), and the standby options are activated, energy consumption can even be reduced up to 90 % per year. (Source: http://greenercomputing.com )

Promoting Green Computing Computers generate an estimated 35 million tons of the gas each year. Each year 125 million computers are taken out of circulation worldwide and most of these end up in landfill sites. 70% of an average company's power consumption goes to IT. The average PC consumes 600 kWh annually. Two thirds of that electricity is wasted because most PCs are running at full power when no user is present. (Source: http://www.green-ict.com /)

Green IT The holistic approach to environmentally friendly, sustainable governance and management of the organization (business and IT), its processes and projects. E IT Governance GREEN IT E-governance

Promoting Green IT Challenge No. 19 How to promote Green Information Technology (IT) in E-governance to prevent global warming and climatic change ?

Emerging E-governance Challenges - 20 XX E-governance and Outsourcing Relationship between state and people is unique. People have vested their power in the state. The state cannot delegate this power to a third party under the labels of privatisation and outsourcing .

E-governance and Outsourcing When those powers are delegated to outsiders, the capacity to govern is undermined (Verkuil 2007) A balance has to be exercised between private sector (what can be done by it) and the public sector (what has to be done by it) It is not an either-or (private sector or public sector) situation. You cannot outsource sovereignty. Can you?

E-governance and Outsourcing Challenge No.20 With increasing privatisation and outsourcing , how to strike a balance between private sector and public sector ?

Emerging E-governance Challenges - 21 XXI. E-governance and E-civil Service Emergence of E-civil Service , and Artificial Intelligence (AI) Civil Service are yet to be formally recognised This is arresting speedier development of e-governance There is urgent need to develop guiding principles for development of e-civil service (Misra 2008)

E-governance and E-civil Service Challenge No.21 How to formally recognise and promote e-civil service to enable it to play a more active role in e-goverance?

Emerging E-governance Challenges - 22 XXII E-governance and Policy Space E-government so far had a very successful (lucky?) policy run having been widely subscribed worldwide. The party may, however, not last for ever . Lowi (1972) developed a fourfold typology of public policies : (i) redistributive , (ii) distributive , (iii) regulatory , and (iv) constituent . If results are not shown, and that too uickly, e-governance may loose support of policy makers

E-governance and Policy Space Challenge No. 22 How to prevent degeneration of e-governance from non-partisan expert public policy space to partisan and controversial public policy space?

Emerging E-governance Challenges - 23 XXIII E-governance and Managerial Challenge Gauld and Goldfinch (2006) propose four ‘pathological’ managerial enthusiasms : 1. Idolisation (public servants ‘idolise’ IT and see it as leading to great benefits), 2. Technophilia (More and better technology prevents or fixes problems), 3. Lomanism (Feigned or genuine belief of IT suppliers and sale staff in their company’s products), and 4. Managerial faddism (new management or structures bring benefits and prevent or fix problems).

Managerial Challenge in E-governance Challenge No. 23 How to make e-government a managerial challenge and make managers face it competently by institutionalizing top management support ?

Emerging E-governance Challenges - 24 XXIV E-governance and Tech-Savvy Politicos Some politicos have started making use of information technology (IT) in their political activities Barrack Obama, for example, very successfully used information technology (IT) in his presidential campaign. According to reports, on www.barackobama.com , more than 280,000 people created accounts, users created over 6,500 grassroots volunteer groups and organized more than 13,000 off-line events using the website and over 15,000 policy ideas were submitted through the website. Obama has built a treasure trove of database of more than 10 million supporters. (Misra 2008)

E-governance and Tech-Savvy Politicos Challenge No. 24 How to make use of experience of information technology (IT)-based political activities in e-governance ?

III A Summing Up How to Provide needed information on government websites 8 Anticipate emergence of new technology 4 Resolve the emerging paradox of knowledge glut and plummeting knowledge utilization? 7 Deliver public service efficiently 3 Set up management information system (MIS) in government 6 Steer our way as sovereign states in a leaderless world? 2 Use global and national league tables for policy formulation 5 Align e-governance to emerging mega trends 1

Emerging E-governance Challenges How to Incorporate audit requirements in e-governance projects 16 Monitor e-governance investments 12 Set up CRM and E-CRM for e-governance 15 Use wiki technology in e-governance 11 Legally enable G2G and G2C Transactions 14 Note use of semantic web for e-governance 10 Prevent capture of governments by private IT companies 13 Set up search on government websites 9

Emerging E-governance Challenges How to Make use of experience of online political activities in e-governance? 24 Formally recognise and promote e-civil service 20 Institutionalise support of policy makers to e-governance 23 Promote green information technology (IT) in e-governance 19 Prevent degeneration of e-governance to controversial public policy space? 22 Use cloud computing without compromising security 18 Strike a balance between private and public sectors in outsourcing? 21 Promote use of free and open source software (FOSS) in e-governance 17

Your questions now ? Thank you for your patience Have A Nice Weekend! Dr D.C.Misra, February 20, 2009

Misra, D.C.(2009) Emerging E Gov Challenges 2009

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Misra, D.C.(2009) Emerging E Gov Challenges 2009