mitochondria: The power houses of the cell

mitochondria: The power houses of the cell

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  MITOCHONDRIA S.Nahidha begum II.Msc.Microbiology Sacred HeartCollege
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  MITOCHONDRIA • The mitochondria(Greek. "mitos" - thread; "chondros" - granule) are the centres for the Cellular respiration and Energy metabolism. • Mitochondria was first described by a German Pathologist named Richard Altmann in 1890. • Mitochondria are regarded as the "Power houses of the cell". • Mitochondria are rod-like or filamentous bodies. It is present in eukaryotes and absent in prokaryotes
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  MITOCHONDRIA • The Eukaryoticcells contains 800 to 2500 Mitochondria per cell. • The size of the mitochondria is 0.2 to 0.8 µm in diameter and 0.5 to 1.0 µm in length. • The shape of the mitochondria in Non -static. • Major function of Mitochondria ATP Generation through Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
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  c Mitochondria consist of5 important parts. They are * Outer Mitochondrial Membrane * Inner Mitochondrial Membrane * Inter Membrane Space * Cristae * Matrix Mitochondria
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  a) Outer MitochondrialMembrane • Outer mitochondria membrane is present in the outer surface of the Mitochondria. • It consist of Phospholipids and considerable amount of Cholesterol. • The Outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to all molecules
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  • Inner mitochondriamembrane is present in the inner surface of the mitochondria. • It consists of Phospholipid - Cardiolipin and rich in Proteins. • The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane is impermeable to polar and ionic substance. It is permeable to Pyruvate, ADP, ATP, Succinate, a - ketoglutarate, Malate, Citrate and Ions (Hydrogen, Potassium and Sodium). • Inner mitochondrial membrane is larger than Outer mitochondrial membrane. b) Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
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  • The spacebetween the Outer mitochondrial membrane and Inner mitochondrial membrane is called "Inner membrane space". c) Inter Membrane Space
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  d) Cristae • Theinner mitochondrial membrane is highly folded and forms the finger like structure called Cristae".
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  e) Matrix • Thespace inside the Inner mitochondrial membrane is called "Matrix". • Matrix contains Circular DNA, Ribosomes, Granules and ATP Synthase. • It is rich in the enzymes responsible for the Citric acid cycle, ­ oxidation of fatty acids and Oxidation of amino acids.
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  Functions of Mitochondria •ATP Generation through Electron Transport Chain. • Regulates the Metabolic activity of the cell. • Promotes the growth of new cells and cell multiplication. • Plays an important role in Apoptosis or Programmed cell death. • Helps in maintaining an adequate concentration of Calcium ions within the compartments of the cell. • Also involved in various cellular activities like Cellular differentiation , Cell signaling, Cell senescence, Controlling the cell cycle and also in cell growth.