Modal verbs of obligation

Modal verbs of obligation

• 1.
  MODAL VERBS OF OBLIGATION
• 2.
  MODALS VERBS SONAQUELLOS VERBOS QUE FUNCIONAN COMO AUXILIARES, YA QUE NO PUEDEN FUNCIONAR COMO VERBO PRINCIPAL, ES DECIR, NO FUNCIONAN SIN OTRO VERBO. ESTE OTRO VERBO SIEMPRE VA DESPUÉS DEL VERBO MODAL, Y ESTÁ EN FORMA BASE (INFINITIVO SIN “TO”). Present Positive Negative have to / don't have to •strong obligation (possibly from outside) Children have to go to school. (sometimes 'have got to') •no obligation I don't have to work on Sundays. • You don't have to eat anything you don't like. must / mustn't •strong obligation (possibly based on the speaker's opinion) I must study today. •negative obligation You mustn't smoke here. should / shouldn't •mild obligation or advice You should •mild negative obligation or advice
• 3.
  Have to ► Setrata de una obligación en general ► Se usa para hablar de leyes, reglas, normativas… ►La obligación no procede de la persona que habla, sino de un tercero. Se usa preferentemente para hablar acerca de una obligación impuesta desde afuera, externa a nosotros. ► Va seguido del infinitivo sin “to” ►La forma interrogativa es: do / does + sujeto + have to+ infinitivo ► En la 3º persona del singular es has to ► Se suele emplear para el presente y futuro. ► En pasado se utiliza: had to + infinitivo sin “to”
• 4.
  Must ►Va seguido deinfinitivo sin “to” ►Se usa para el presente ►En pasado: had to + infinitivo ►Recuerda que must have to + participio hace referencia a deducciones o especulación en pasado. ►Examples: “You must do your homework every night.” (Because I say you must! “I must stop smoking!” (Because I think it’s a good idea to stop.)
• 5.
  AUSENCIA DE OBLIGACIÓN( lack of obligation) Dont or doesn´t have to Dont or doesn ´t need to ►Ambas van seguidos de infinitivo sin “to” ►Se refiere a que no es necesario hacer algo, pero si quieres, puedes hacerlo. Prohibición ( prohibition) Mustn´t ►seguido de infinitivo sin “ to” ► Se refiere a que algo está prohibido, no está permitido o que es una mala idea. DAR CONSEJOS ( give advice) Should ►Se usa para dar consejos
• 6.
  Past Positive Negative hadto / didn't have to •obligation in the past I had to wear a school uniform when I was a child. •no obligation in the past We didn't have to go to school on Saturdays. must* changes to 'had to' - should have + pp / shouldn't have + pp •a past action which didn't happen: the advice / regret is too late You should have gone to bed earlier, now you have missed the train. •a past action which didn't happen: the advice / regret is too late You shouldn't have taken that job., it was a bad idea.
• 7.
  EXAMPLES In england youhave to pay taxes Children have to go to school “You must do your homework every night.” “I must stop smoking!” “You don’t have to bring the food on the trip, we will bring it” “I don’t need to pay now. I can pay later.” “You mustn’t play there because it´s very dangerous” “He mustn’t eat peanuts. He’s allergic to nuts.” “You should study hard so you can pass the exam.” “He should see a doctor.” “You shouldn’t smoke. It’s bad for your health.”