Model-driven Software Engineering in practice: Chapter 3 - MDSE Use cases
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The document discusses the book 'Model-Driven Software Engineering in Practice' by Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, and Manuel Wimmer, highlighting the significance of model-driven development (MDD) in software engineering. It covers various applications of model-driven techniques, including code generation, systems interoperability, and reverse engineering, while explaining concepts such as executable models and model interpretation. The authors emphasize the value of models in enhancing communication, productivity, and interoperability among systems.
Model-driven Software Engineering in practice: Chapter 3 - MDSE Use cases
- 1. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. Teaching material for the book Model-Driven Software Engineering in Practice by Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Morgan & Claypool, USA, 2012. www.mdse-book.com MDSE USE CASES Chapter #3
- 2. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. www.mdse-book.com MDSE GOES FAR BEYOND CODE-GENERATION
- 3. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. MDSE has many applications • MDD is just the tip of the iceberg • And MDA a specific “realization” of MDD when using OMG standards
- 4. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. Three killer MDSE applications Code Generation Software Modernization Systems interoperability
- 5. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. www.mdse-book.com USE CASE1 – MODEL DRIVEN DEVEOPMENT
- 6. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. MDD contribution: Communication • Models capture and organize the understanding of the system within a group of people • Models as lingua franca between actors from business and IT divisions Requirements ImplementationAnalysis Design M2M M2M M2T
- 7. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. MDD contribution: Productivity • MDD (semi)automates software development • In MDD, software is derived through a series of model-to- model transformations (possibly) ending with a model-to- text transformations that produces the final code Original model 1st refinement nth refinement Model-to-model Transformation Model-to-text Transformation ...
- 8. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. Executable models • An executable model is a model complete enough to be executable • From a theoretical point of view, a model is executable when its operational semantics are fully specified • In practice, the executability of a model may depend on the adopted execution engine • models which are not entirely specified but that can be executed by some advanced tools that are able to fill the gaps • Completely formalized models that cannot be executed because an appropriate execution engine is missing.
- 9. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. Smart vs dumb execution engines • CRUD operation typically account for 80% of the overall software functionality • Huge spared effort through simple generation rules
- 10. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. Executable models • Most popular: Executable UML models • Executable UML development method (xUML) initially proposed by Steve Mellor • Based on an action language (kind of imperative pseudocode) • Current standards • Foundational Subset for Executable UML Models (fUML) • Action language is the Action Language for fUML (Alf) • basically a textual notation for UML behaviors that can be attached to a UML model
- 11. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. Executable models: 2 main approaches • Code generation: generating running code from a higher level model in order to create a working application • by means of a rule-based template engine • common IDE tools can be used to render the source code produced • Model interpretation: interpreting the models and making them run • Non-empty intersection between the two options
- 12. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. Code Generation • Goal: generating running code from higher level models • Like compilers producing executable binary files from source code • Also known as model compilers • Once the source code is generated state-of-the-art IDEs can be used to manipulate the code
- 13. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. Code Generation: Scope
- 14. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. Code Generation: Benefits • Intellectual property • Separation of modeling and execution • Multi-platform generation • Generators simpler than interpreters • Reuse of existing artefacts • Adaptation to enterprise policies • Better performances
- 15. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. Code Generation: Partial Generation • Input models are not complete & code generator is not smart enough to derive or guess the missing information • Programmers will need to complete the code manually • Caution! Breaking the generation cycle is dangerous Solutions: • Defining protected areas in the code, which are the ones to be manually edited by the developer • Using round-trip engineering tools (not many available) • Better to do complete generation of parts of the system instead of partial generation of the full system
- 16. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. Code Generation: Turing test • A human judge examines the code generated by one programmer and one code-generation tool for the same formal specification. If the judge cannot reliably tell the tool from the human, the tool is said to have passed the test
- 17. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. Model interpretation • A generic engine parses and executes the model on-the-fly using an interpretation approach • Benefits • Faster changes & Transparent (re)deployment • Better portability (if the vendor supports several platforms) • The model is the code. Easier model debugging • No deployment • Updates of the model at runtime • Higher level abstraction of the system (implemented by the interpreter) • Updates in the interpreter may result in automatic improvements of your software • Danger of becoming dependent of the application vendor. Limited influence in the –ities of the SW
- 18. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. Generation and interpretation • Can be used together in the same process • Interpretation at early protoyyping / debugging time • Generation for production and deployment • Hybrid solutions are possible: • Model interpretation based on internal code generation implementation • Code generation that relies on predefined, configurable components / framework at runtime. The generated code is e.g., XML descriptor / configurations of the components
- 19. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. www.mdse-book.com USE CASE2 – SYSTEMS INTEROPERABILITY
- 20. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. Interoperability • Ability of two or more systems to exchange information (IEEE) • Needed for collaborative work (e.g. using different tools), tool and language evolution, system integration… • Interoperability must be done at the syntactic and semantic levels
- 21. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. Model-Driven Interoperability • MDSE techniques to bridge the interoperability gap • The metamodels (i.e. “schemas”) of the two systems are made explicit and aligned • Transformations follow the alignment to move information • Injectors (text-to-model) represent system A data as a model (syntactic transformation) • M2M transformation adapts the data to system B metamodel (semantic transformation) • Extractors (model-to-text) generate the final System B output data (syntactic transformation).
- 22. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. MDI: Global schema
- 23. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. www.mdse-book.com USE CASE3 – MODEL DRIVEN REVERSE ENGINEERING
- 24. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. Need for reverse engineering
- 25. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. Model-driven reverse engineering • Why? Models provide an homogeneous and interrelated representation of all legacy components. No information loss: initial models have a 1:1 correspondance with the code Discover Models Understand Viewpoints Regenerate New So0ware Ar4facts Legacy ar)facts : -‐ source code -‐ configura4on files -‐ tests -‐ databases -‐ etc.
- 26. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. Model-Driven Interoperability: Example COBOL model Model discovery COBOL system COBOL metamodel T2M Model understanding Model generation UML models UML metamodel M2M M2M (refactorings) Java model Java system Java metamodel M2M M2T
- 27. Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Model-Driven Software Engineering In Practice. Morgan & Claypool 2012. Teaching material for the book Model-Driven Software Engineering in Practice by Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Morgan & Claypool, USA, 2012. www.mdse-book.com MODEL-DRIVEN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING IN PRACTICE Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer. Morgan & Claypool, USA, 2012. www.mdse-book.com www.morganclaypool.com or buy it at: www.amazon.com