Moderate climate

Moderate climate

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  Moderate climate
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  MODERATE CLIMATE • Themoderate climate has mild to warm summers and cool winters. • The need for winter home heating is greater than the need for summer cooling. • It is a relatively comfortable climate, especially near the coast, where summers are cooler and winters warmer than further inland. • In the mountains of the Great Dividing Range, winters are cold and summers are pleasantly mild. • Few opening on external side other than door. AVERAGE TEMPERATURE April is the warmest month of the year. The temperature in April averages 27.1 °C. The lowest average temperatures in the year occur in December, when it is around 20.7 °C. AVERAGE PRECIPITATION
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  • MAJOR PLACESIN INDIA WITH MODERATE CLIMATE • Bangalore • Pune BANGALORE • Latitude: 120 58’ N • Longitude: 770 35’ E • Altitude: 921m above mean sea level • Temperature range: 15.10C to 350C • Relative humidity: 65.2% (average annual relative humidity)
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  BANGALORE WEATHER BYMONTH /WEATHER AVERAGES There is a difference of 181 mm of precipitation between the driest and wettest months. The variation in temperatures throughout the year is 6.4 °C.
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  • Bangalore isthe city safe from natural disasters. • Earthquake: Bangalore is very far from the fault zone and lies in zone II in the Seismic Zoning Map of India and it is very stable and not prone to earthquakes • Tsunami: it is landlocked and 920m above sea level • Floods: it lies in a rain shadow of western Ghats thus floods are rare • Apart from this man-made disasters like terrorist attacks, explosions, exposure to radioactive and hazardous materials, massive spread of diseases like Ebola and groundwater contamination. • Bangalore is starting to feel the shortage of water, so drought like conditions may occur in future years. CALAMITIES PRONE TO-
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  BANGALORE:-The design criteria Inthe moderate zone are to reduce heat gain by providing shading and to promote heat loss by Ventilation. Some of the design features for buildings in this climate are: Appropriate orientation and shape of building. Roof of insulation and east and west wall insulation Walls facing east and west glass surface protected by overhangs,fins,and tress Pale colors and glazed china mosaic tiles Windows and exhausts Courtyards and arrangement of openings BUILDING MATERIALS USED:- Floor:-Lime stone Walls: stone masonry with lime motor Roof: Stone slabs with lime concrete screed cover for flat roof PASSIVE FEATURES Reduction of solar heat gain By orientation of the bedroom towards north By shading of east and west walls by neighboring building By sharing the windows and walls with projecting stone slabs Reduction of internal heat gain
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  CLIMATE RESPONSIVE ARCHITECTURE:- InBangalore the idea comfortable house is built of heavy walls with high ceiling rooms, with windows that you can shut and open surrounded by a shade giving verandah. High ceiling reduce the effect of heat that would radiate down from the roof which would get hot under the sun. This will also allow the warm air to rise and escape through ventilators high up in the walls
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  PASSIVE TECHNIQUES /CONSTRUCTION METHODS OF MODERATE CLIMATE •Earth air contact 1a. Direct earth contact 2a. Buried pipe cooling •Evaporative cooling- roof pond cooling system •Radiant cooling – structural slab cooling • Passive downdraft evaporative cooling (pdec) with night sky cooling •1.Earth air Contact Soil temper at a depth of about 12 feet or more stays fairly constant throughout the year and is approximately equal to the average annual ambient air temperature the ground can therefore be used as a heat sink for cooling in the summer and as a heat source for heating in the winter For Bangalore the temperature below 12 ft is 24 deg .c and it is constant though the year in Delhi the earth’s temperature at a depth of about 12 ft. is nearly constant at a level of about 23dg c throughout the year . There are two strategies for using this principle are (a) Direct earth contact cooling techniques, and (b) Buried pipes cooling
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  1A. Direct earthcontact The building may be coupled with earth either by conduction, i.e., Where the building envelope is in contact with the deep earth by burying or beaming. Advantages • Limited infiltration and heat losses • solar and heat protection, • Reduction of noise and vibration • Fire and storm protection • Improved security. DisAdvantages • inside condensation • Slow response to changing conditions • Poor day lighting and • Poor indoor air quality 1B. Buried pipes cooling Concept – to pass air though an underground air tunnel the air thus cooled or heated can be used directly for the conditioned space or indirectly with air conditioners of heat pumps the concept of buried pipes involves the use of metallic or PVC pipes buried at 1 to 4m in depth (Sinha and goswami, 1987). Advantage of the system: • Low energy : 1/3rd of the conventional AC system power requirement • Better indoor air quality • 100% fresh air circulation in the premises • Min of 28 deg . C can be maintained during peak summer
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  EXAMPLE– buried pipestechnique, low-energy `sd worx ‘ •by day , an earth-to-air heat exchanger cools down the supply air flow • Concrete tubes with a diameter 80cm and length of 40cm each buried 3 to 5m deep and connected ventilation system •The maximum temperature is summer never exceeds 22 deg.c on the first floor •The maximum temperature is between 23.5deg.c and 26deg.c on the 2nd floor Earth-to-air heat exchanger, ventilation by day
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  2.Evaporative cooling- roofpond cooling system • Evaporative cooling: lowers the indoor air temperature evaporative water • In dry climates this is commonly done directly in the space • But indirect methods such as roof ponds allow evaporative cooling to be used in more moderate climates too. 3.Radiant cooling – structural slab cooling • Radiant cooling - exchanging thermal energy space though convection and radiation • structural slab radiant cooling system • This is a surface cooling system where • water tubes are placed in the roof slab that absorbs the heat from heat source in the heat and exchanges it with the circulating water • the warm water is then pumped to a chiller or a geothermal heat exchanger, re-cooled heat returned to the slab. Advantages • Maximum comfort • draft sensed temperature • lower energy costs • Architectural freedom • Minimum maintenance • Same pipes for heating and cooling
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  4.Passive downdraft evaporativecooling (PDEC) with night sky cooling • The system comprises a down draft evaporative cooling tower the fine drops of water is sprayed vertically downwards with the help of mirconisers. • it is possible to achieve 26 deg.c in peak summer • It is possible to achieve of 16 deg,c in Hyderabad using this system
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  • (PDEC) towerfor providing comfort • tinted glasses to reduce glare • Complex walls (granite blocks – outer side • Rat-trap bond brick walls on the inside) to reduce heat • Filler slabs • a center atrium to enhance cross ventilation and daylighting • solar PV lighting and pumps • Rainfall harvesting and water conservation facilities