Monitoring & Evaluation of Climate Change Adaptation in the agriculture sectors

Monitoring & Evaluation of Climate Change Adaptation in the agriculture sectors

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  I n te g r a t i n g A g r i c u l t u r e i n N a t i o n a l A d a p t a t i o n P l a n s MONITORING & EVALUATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTORS Rohini Kohli, UNDP Lead Technical Specialist for National Adaptation Plans
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  CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURE
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  How does climatechange affect agriculture sectors? ■ Decrease in crop yields (incl. wheat, rice and maize) ■ Changes in abundance and distribution of aquatic species ■ Thermal stress and diseases in livestock ■ Changes in forest productivity ■ Increase in weeds ■ Increases in food prices ■ Nutritional quality of food and fodder negatively affected ■ Risks to nutrition and food security ■ Impacts vary by region, crops and species, with some high-latitude regions seeing positive impacts on e.g. crop yields
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  Why do M&Eof adaptation in the agriculture sectors? ■ Learning: Understand what adaptation options in the agriculture sectors work (and what don‘t) and who benefits from adaptation policies and actions ■ Evidence: of results or impact policy making ■ Project management: Support management of agriculture projects under uncertainty ■ Accountability: for climate finance (national and international), for adaptation actions and decision-making ■ Reporting: comply with national and international reporting, on agriculture, climate change, development
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  Entry points foradaptation M&E in the agriculture sectors ■ Climate change impacts and vulnerabilities: e.g. drought; crop losses; degree of exposure of fish nesting and fishing grounds to cyclones ■ Adaptation processes: advancement of agriculture and/or climate change policies and plans; changes in capacity ■ Adaptation outcomes: changes that policies, plans and interventions bring about in terms of e.g. reduced agricultural losses to climate change or enhanced adaptive capacity (e.g. percentage of farmers that incur limited crop and economic losses during drought events) ■ Adaptation finance: e.g. percentage of agriculture sector budget invested in adaptation
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  FAO NAP SupplementaryGuidelines (FAO, 2017) The focus of a NAP M&E is to: 1. Assess the progress, effectiveness and gaps in identifying and prioritizing adaptation options for the agriculture sectors 2. track national progress towards adaptation targets and national development goals, through aggregation of outcomes of adaptation programmes and policies; 3. monitor and iteratively update the process of adaptation planning and implementation in the agriculture sector.
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  THE NAP-AG PROGRAMME AND ONGOINGEXPERIENCES ON M&E OF ADAPTATION IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTORS
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  NAP-Ag Programme Objective |To integrate climate change risks and opportunities as they relate to agriculture sector-related livelihood options within existing national planning and budgeting processes Funded by the German Government (BMUB ICI) FAO and UNDP Programme Duration: 4 years (2015 to 2018) Global Programme Budget: EUR 15 Million Supported By
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  Designing an M&Eframework and plan for adaptation in the agriculture sectors (FAO and UNDP, 2018 forthcoming) Step 1. Understanding the policy context Step 2. Developing a shared understanding of the adaptation challenge, goals and the theory of change behind integrating adaptation in the agriculture sector Step 3. Defining the purpose and focus of the M&E framework Step 4. Developing an M&E Framework for adaptation in the agriculture sector Step 5. Identifying indicators to track adaptation in the agriculture sector Step 6. Identifying the sources and type of data and information required for each indicator Step 7. Operationalising M&E for decision-making on adaptation in the agriculture sector
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  National level National level planningand budgeting National Programmes National Adaptation Plan (incl. agriculture) Sector level Sectoral planning and budgeting Sector-specific programmes (Climate Smart) Agriculture Strategy (incl. adaptation) Local level Sub-national/municipal level planning and budgeting Programmes and projects Impact evaluation of agriculture and adaptation programmes Different scales and entry points for M&E in a country
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  Gender analysis andM&E of adaptation E for adaptation Gender analysis in assessing climate impacts and vulnerability ■ Ways in which CC impacts (and drives changes in) gender relations and roles; ■ How inter-connected factors influence vulnerability; ■ How social/gender norms, relations, and institutions can shape the adaptive capacity of women and men; ■ Spaces for changing relations and transforming institutions to strengthen adaptation capacity. Gender analysis in identifying adaptation options ■ Shifts in labour/time use from proposed practice/technology; ■ Shifts in access to resources (i.e. certain groups may lose access to land, water, etc.); ■ Constraints to access to, control over productive resources, inputs and services; ■ Consider social/gender norms and institutions (including local, customary practices, legislation, etc.). Who identifies/decides appropriate/relevant options? Source: UNDP, 2014
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  Case study: KenyaMRV+ system ■ National Climate Change Action Plan 2013 – 2017 (Vision 2030); Kenya National Adaptation Plan 2015 – 2030 ■ MRV+ system: Monitor, report and evaluate of GHG emissions and mitigation actions; and M&E of adaptation actions ■ Incorporated into National Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation System ■ Climate Change Secretariat in Ministry of Environment; working groups and technical analysis groups ■ Agriculture: one of the prioritised sectors; ToC; included in priority national indicators (20 in total) ■ NAP-Ag support: indicators from Climate Smart Agriculture Programme Top-down institutional adaptive capacity for national to county level Bottom-up reduction in vulnerability from county to national level E.g. % of poor farmers and fishermen with access to credit facilities or grants e.g. Nr of ha´s of productive land lost to soil erosion
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  The process ofdeveloping Uganda Performance M&E Framework for the agriculture sector NAP The M&E Framework for the agriculture sector NAP is embedded in the existing MAAIF M&E framework. Reviewed the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) regulatory, M&E and reporting frameworks and systems to guide the capture, management of data and reporting on adaptation and gender Literature review to identify CCA and gender objectives and initiatives in agriculture sector, Agriculture sector NAP strategies Develop a comprehensive PME Framework for adaptation in the agriculture sector and customize it to the existing National Performance Frameworks Consultative and validation meetings to make the framework relevant to the users MAAIF will take a lead in operationalizing the framework, and potential users were trained widely
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  Checklist for keyperformance dimensions (Uganda example) NAP for Agriculture M&E framework Components Performance dimension Component 1: Crop Production Record of vulnerability and crop suitability assessments Component 2: Livestock Development Adaptive and productive livestock breeds Component 3: Fisheries and Aquaculture Resilient and sustainable fishing practices Component 4: Climate Information, Early Warning and Disaster Preparedness Systems Weather monitoring stations and Timely information dissemination on weather patterns Component 5: Land Use Land Use change and Forestry (LULUCF) Increase water use efficiency in agricultural production; afforestation and SLM practices Component 6: Research for climate resilient agricultural development Adoption of best practises and local technologies Component 7: Knowledge Management and Partnerships for climate action Evidence of coordination and efforts to seek, obtain and utilize CCA partnerships Component 8: Gendered Approach to climate change adaptation Extent to which gender issues have been incorporated in the approaches to adapt to climate change effects
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  Case study: PhilippinesResults-based M&E of National Climate Change Action Plan ■ National Climate Change Action Plan 2011-2028, with 7 strategic priorities (incl. food security) ■ Results chains, matrices and indicators ■ Annual monitoring; evaluate efficiency, effectiveness and impacts every 3 years ■ Climate Change Commission (Office of the President) ■ Harmonise existing data and monitoring systems; tie to climate change programmes in sector agencies ■ Agriculture/food security: a strategic priority; results chain and matrix (for each strategic priority); output and outcome level indicators in line with NCCAP ■ NAP-Ag support: adaptation in Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Plan
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  CONCLUSIONS
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  ■ Adaptation M&Ecan be done for a range of reasons, including: accountability, learning, project management, reporting ■ Adaptation M&E in the agriculture sector should aim to build on existing M&E systems, indicators, data and institutional arrangements ■ There are several entry points for doing adaptation M&E in the agriculture sectors: climate impacts and vulnerability; processes (e.g. policies and plans); outcomes (e.g. portfolios bringing about changes in adaptive capacity); finance ■ Examples are emerging of how adaptation M&E has been done in the agriculture sectors in certain countries ■ Developing an adaptation M&E framework for a sector requires sector- wide engagement, a longer-term process, and linkages to broader adaptation M&E frameworks
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  fao.org/in-action/naps | adaptation-undp.org/naps-agriculture| international-climate-initiative.com Thank You