Motivation refers to the inner drive that directs behavior toward goal-oriented action. It is complex and unique to each individual. Traditional approaches viewed motivation as stemming from external rewards and punishments, but positive motivation comes from moving toward goals with positive associations, while negative motivation comes from moving away from goals with negative associations. Effective motivators in the workplace include interesting work, clear goals, appreciation, responsibility, and career growth. Tactics for motivating employees include flexibility, positive feedback, soliciting expert input, sharing incentives, and promoting teamwork. Motivation energizes individuals and increases performance, satisfaction, communication, and efficiency, leading to effective group behavior.